| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
-
Learning Regional Innovation : Scandinavian Models
- 2011
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While the distinction between science driven and experience driven innovation is well known and much commented on, the point that experience driven innovation demands broad participation, not only within the individual enterprise but across the whole labour market, is less well recognized. When innovation first started to attract attention, the focus was on how to create innovation. In the light of the current crisis, a new question has entered the agenda: how to create socially responsible innovation?Participation and social responsibility in innovation are the core themes of this book. The main argument is that both are issues of organization and not of, say, ethics, or the enforcement of other forms of obligations on individual actors. The need is for a democratization of innovation that can make innovation open to broad participation, scrutiny from many positions, and influence from different interest groups without, however, losing the forward momentum.The organization of processes that can carry forward socially responsible innovation is, in turn, dependent upon public-private co-operation. This needs, however, to be a co-operation that expresses itself in terms of joint development processes, not traditional regulation.Combining experience driven innovation, broad participation and development oriented public-private co-operation, this book demonstrates that Scandinavia offers a unique arena of experience. It is a further argument that insofar as there is a 'systems response' to the present crisis, it lies in the direction of broader diffusion of this kind of pattern.Since the arguments of this book are built on practical experience, it does not seek to establish a set of abstract 'musts' without views on implementation, but rather points at the processes that can be initiated to create movement in the right direction.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Constructing knowledge-based regional advantage : Implications for regional innovation policy
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 7:2-5, s. 140-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an 'unpacking' of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and competitiveness by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, this paper presents and discusses three dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to (1) specific industrial knowledge bases, (2) globally distributed knowledge networks and (3) different territorial competence bases.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Constructing regional advantage : Towards state-of-the-art regional innovation system policies in Europe?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 19:7, s. 1133-1139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core arguments of the constructed regional advantage (CRA) approach stem from the work that started in Brussels in an expert group appointed by DG Research of the EU Commission. In 2006, DG Research launched the final report on "Constructing Regional Advantage" as the new way of taking on and combating new challenges and problems of globalization for European regions (Asheim et al., 2006). CRA means turning comparative advantage into competitive advantage through an explicit policy push promoting a Chamberlinian monopolistic competition based on product differentiation creating unique products, an assumption which was fundamental for Porter's cluster approach also. While building on the lessons from the dynamic principle of the theory of competitive advantage (Porter, 1990, 1998) as well as of the innovation system approach (Lundvall, 2008) emphasizing that competitiveness can be influenced by innovation policies and supporting regulatory and institutional frameworks, the constructed advantage approach recognizes the important interplay between industrial and institutional dynamics as well as calls for greater attention to multi-level governance. What is especially highlighted is the role of a proactive public-private partnership and impact of the public sector and public policy support by acknowledging to a greater extent the importance of institutional complementarities in knowledge economies. This approach represents an improved understanding of key regional development challenges as well as a better anticipation and response to the problems by addressing system failures of lack of connectivity in regional innovation systems (RIS).
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Constructing Regional Advantage: Platform Policies Based on Related Variety and Differentiated Knowledge Bases
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 45:7, s. 893-904
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ASHEIM B. T., BOSCHMA R. and COOKE P. Constructing regional advantage: platform policies based on related variety and differentiated knowledge bases, Regional Studies. This paper presents a regional innovation policy model based on the idea of constructing regional advantage. This policy model brings together concepts like related variety, knowledge bases and policy platforms. Related variety attaches importance to knowledge spillovers across complementary sectors. The paper categorizes knowledge into 'analytical' (science based), 'synthetic' (engineering based) and 'symbolic' (arts based) in nature, with different requirements of 'virtual' and real proximity mixes. The implications of this are traced for evolving 'platform policies' that facilitate economic development within and between regions in action lines appropriate to incorporate the basic principles behind related variety and differentiated knowledge bases.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Contextualising Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalising Learning Economy: On Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 31:1, s. 163-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to advance the understanding of which types of regional innovation system represent effective innovation support for what kinds of industry in different regions analyses must be contextualized by reference to the actual knowledge base of various industries as well as to the regional and national institutional framework, which strongly shape the innovation processes of firms. Of special importance is the linkage between the larger institutional frameworks of the national innovation and business systems, and the character of regional innovation systems. In making the arguments about a general correspondence between the macro-institutional characteristics of the economy and the dominant form and character of its regional innovation systems a link is provided to the literature on varieties of capitalism and national business systems.
|
|
| 16. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Contextualizing Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalizing Learning Economy: On Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks
- 2005
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to advance the understanding of which types of regional innovation system represent effective innovation support for what kinds of industry in different regions analyses must be contextualised by reference to the actual knowledge base of various industries as well as to the regional and national institutional framework, which strongly shape the innovation processes of firms. Of special importance is the linkage between the larger institutional frameworks of the national innovation and business systems, and the character of regional innovation systems. In making the arguments about a general correspondence between the macro-institutional characteristics of the economy and the dominant form and character of its regional innovation systems a link is provided to the literature on varieties of capitalism and national business systems.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Asheim, Björn
(författare)
-
Differentiated Knowledge Bases and Varieties of Regional Innovation Systems
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1351-1610 .- 1469-8412. ; 20:3, s. 223-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces a theoretical and analytical framework for discussing regional development and regional advantage with reference to a regional innovation system strategy. It uses the differentiated knowledge base approach to transcend the traditional codified-tacit dichotomy of knowledge, and for providing a trans-sectoral understanding of economic activities. Different regional innovation systems are presented and described. The discussion of various types of regional innovation systems is contextualized using a variety of capitalist perspectives. The article concludes by discussing the question if regional innovation systems can exist.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic Geography as (Regional) Contexts
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Economic geography : past, present and future. - 0415367840 - 9780415367844 ; , s. 173-185
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 21. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Face-to-Face, Buzz and Knowledge Bases: Socio-spatial implications for learning and innovation policy
- 2005
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While concurring with the new streams of literature in geography that highlight the importance of face-to-face and buzz in the globalizing learning economy, the article argues that this literature is misleading on three interrelated accounts. Firstly, it conflates face-to-face and buzz; secondly, it fails to distinguish between the importance of face-to-face and buzz for industries drawing on different knowledge bases, and thirdly, these conceptual inadequacies lead to an exaggeration of the importance of cities as sites for creativity and innovation, and hence regional competitiveness. BY applying an industrial knowledge base approach the article seeks to reconstruct an alternative framework that allows for a systematic differentiation between the importance of both face-to-face and buzz for different industries. This provides a framework for developing a more nuanced understanding of the spatial implications of face-to face communication and buzz for learning and innovation.
|
|
| 22. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Face-to-Face, Buzz and Knowledge Bases: Socio-Spatial Implications for Learning, Innovation and Innovation Policy
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1472-3425 .- 0263-774X. ; 25:5, s. 655-670
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whilst concurring with the new streams of literature in geography that highlight the importance of face-to-face and ‘buzz’ in the globalizing learning economy, we argue that this literature is misleading on three interrelated counts. Firstly, it conflates face-to-face and buzz; secondly, it fails to distinguish between the importance of face-to-face and buzz for industries drawing on different knowledge bases; and, thirdly, these conceptual inadequacies lead to an exaggeration of the importance of cities as sites for creativity and innovation, and hence regional competitiveness. By applying an industrial knowledge base approach, we seek to reconstruct an alternative framework that allows for a systematic differentiation between the importance of face-to-face and buzz for different industries. This provides a framework for developing a more nuanced understanding of the spatial implications of face-to-face communication and buzz for learning and innovation.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Asheim, Björn
(författare)
-
Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Creative Class in European City Regions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Economic Geography. - 0013-0095. ; 85:4, s. 355-362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This special issue presents the results of a European research project on the creative class in European city regions. In this introduction, the need for contextualizing the approach is underlined, taking into account the differences between the United States, where Richard Florida's ideas were developed, and Europe. In modifying the approach to suit European conditions, varieties of capitalism and social capital perspectives were applied.
|
|
| 25. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial districts
- 2003
-
Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography. - 9780198234104 - 0198234104 ; , s. 423-431
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Asheim, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction : Combinatorial Knowledge Bases, Regional Innovation, and Development Dynamics
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 93:5, s. 429-435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The special issue zooms in on knowledge dynamics that drive innovation processes and new path development in different regional and sectoral contexts. This investigation rests on the differentiated knowledge base approach, which offers a clear distinction between analytical, synthetic and symbolic types of knowledge and deep insights into their idiosyncrasies. The introduction frames knowledge bases as theoretically discernible and differentiated forms of knowledge creation that are of particular relevance for innovation processes. The knowledge base approach goes beyond sector and regional approaches to innovation and focuses on micro-level dynamics of knowledge creation and knowledge combination within firms, industries and regions. This special issue offers theoretical advances and empirical insights into the causal linkages between such knowledge dynamics, innovation and new path development. It contributes to economic geography in providing an improved understanding of mechanism behind economic growth and development in various sectors and regions as well as to make better sense of the consistent heterogeneity of performance between firms within the same sectors and regions. All this underpins a broad-based innovation policy approach and an active role of policy makers in stimulating novel combinations of differentiated knowledge bases, which shows its roots in the (regional) innovation systems tradition.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowledge bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 34:8, s. 1173-1190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis of the importance of different types of regional innovation systems must take place within a context of the actual knowledge base of various industries in the economy, as the innovation processes of firms are strongly shaped by their specific knowledge base. In this paper, we shall distinguish between two types of knowledge base: analytical and synthetic. These types indicate different mixes of tacit and codified knowledge, codification possibilities and limits, qualifications and skills, required organisations and institutions involved, as well as specific competitive challenges from a globalising economy, which have different implications for different sectors of industry, and, thus, for the kind of innovation support needed. The traditional constellation of industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organisations, constituting a regional innovation system, is nearly always to be found in contexts of industries with a synthetic knowledge base (e.g. engineering-based industries), while the existence of regional innovation systems as an integral part of a cluster will normally be the case of industries-based on an analytical knowledge base (e.g. science-based industries, such as IT and bio-tech). In the discussion of different types of regional innovation systems five empirical illustrations from a Nordic comparative project on SMEs and regional innovation systems will be used: the furniture industry in Salling, Denmark; the wireless communication industry in North Jutland, Denmark; the functional food industry in Scania, Sweden; the food industry in Rogaland, Norway and the electronics industry in Horten, Norway. We argue that in terms of innovation policy the regional level often provides a grounded approach embedded in networks of actors acknowledging the importance of the knowledge base of an industry.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowledge Bases, Talents, and Contexts: On the Usefulness of the Creative Class Approach in Sweden
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Economic Geography. - 0013-0095. ; 85:4, s. 425-442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geography of the creative class and its impact on regional development has been debated for some years. While the ideas of Richard Florida have permeated local and regional planning strategies in most parts of the Western world, critiques have been numerous. Florida's 3T's (technology, talent, and tolerance) have been adopted without considering whether the theory fits into the settings of a specific urban and regional context. This article aims to contextualize and unpack the creative class approach by applying the knowledge-base approach and break down the rigid assumption that all people in the creative class share common locational preferences. We argue that the creative class draws on three different knowledge bases: synthetic, analytical, and symbolic, which have different implications for people's residential locational preferences with respect to a people climate and a business climate. Furthermore, the dominating knowledge base in a region has an influence on the importance of a people climate and a business climate for attracting and retaining talent. In this article, we present an empirical analysis in support of these arguments using original Swedish data.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Asheim, Björn
(författare)
-
Learning regions as development coalitions: Partnership as governance in European workfare states?
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Concepts and Transformation. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1384-6639 .- 1569-9692. ; 6:1, s. 73-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The understanding of post-Fordist societies as learning economies, in which learning organizations such as learning firms and learning regions play a strategic role, has lately received some criticism. The critique has partly pointed at the structural limits to learning in a capitalist global economy, and partly argued that firms in capitalist societies have always been learning, referring especially to the role of innovation in inter-firm competition. Against the critics, it is argued that the learning region has great potential, both as a theoretical and normative concept and as a practical metaphor for formulating regional policy.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional Development: Learning Regions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. - 9780080449111 - 0080449115
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional Innovation System Policy: a Knowledge-based Approach
- 2005
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an unpacking of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and growth by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, the paper presents and discusses five dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to different perspectives that originate in different industrial knowledge bases, different territorial competence bases, the distributed knowledge base, the importance of creative knowledge environments and different institutional frameworks.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional innovation systems in Asian countries: A new way of exploiting the benefits of transnational corporations
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice. - 1447-9338. ; 8:1-2, s. 27-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues for the importance of using the regional innovation systems (RIS) approach as both an analytical framework and a policy tool for generating economic development in developing countries. The paper reconceptualizes the RIS-model to the context of developing countries. RIS is normally based on endogenous growth models; however, in this paper we extend it to rely on external capital, transnational knowledge sources and transnational corporations (TNCs). In particular we stress - the importance of developing firm and regional absorptive capacity; the importance of embedding TNCs in the region; and regional policies for attaining these goals. These factors, we argue, are important for achieving sustainable economic development, building on exogenous sources of capital and knowledge. Finally, we illustrate the relevance of RIS for analyzing as well as formulating regional development policies by referring to two of Asia's most significant cases: Shanghai's (China) and Bangalore's (India) regional innovation systems.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional innovation systems: The integration of local 'sticky' and global 'ubiquitous' knowledge
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - 0892-9912. ; 27:1, s. 77-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper examines how firms in three regional clusters in Norway dominated by shipbuilding, mechanical engineering and electronics industry, respectively exploit both place-specific local resources as well as external, world-class knowledge to strengthen their competitiveness. From these case-studies we make four points: (1) ideal-typical regional innovation systems, i.e., regional clusters "surrounded" by supporting local organisations, is rather uncommon in Norway; (2) external contacts, outside of the local industrial milieu, are crucial in innovation processes also in many SMEs; (3) innovation processes may nevertheless be regarded as regional phenomena in regional clusters, as regional resources and collaborative networks often have decisive significance for firms' innovation activity; and (4) regional resources include in particular place-specific, contextual knowledge of both tacit and codified nature, that, in combination, is rather geographically immobile.
|
|
| 50. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional Innovation Systems: Theory, Empirics and Policy
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 45:7, s. 875-891
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ASHEIM B. T., LAWTON SMITH H. and OUGHTON C. Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy, Regional Studies. Interest in regional innovation systems has grown significantly over the past three decades driven partly by advances in theoretical analysis, partly by the growing interest in innovation as a source of competitive advantage, and partly by the need for new policies to address regional inequalities and divergence. This article explores the elements and characteristics that exemplify the regional innovation systems approach. It provides an appraisal and synthesis of the regional innovation systems paradigm and aims to shed light on a number of areas where theoretical, empirical and policy-based questions remain unanswered. It outlines and assesses the major strands in recent theoretical and empirical debates and discusses how they might be developed to contribute to the further advancement of the regional innovation systems literature. Three interrelated questions form the key themes around which the article is structured. The first concerns the very nature of the system itself. The second concerns the boundaries of industrial districts, clusters and regional innovation systems, and the role of cognitive frontiers, knowledge transfer and learning. The third relates to the central role of knowledge and learning in clusters and regional innovation systems and in particular to the role and functioning of the labour market. These three cross-cutting themes separately and collectively provide new theoretical, empirical and policy insights; they also raise other questions which are intended to stimulate much future research.
|
|
