| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - : Springer. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Coral, Daniel
(författare)
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Characterisation of the genetic discordance between body mass index and type 2 diabetes: a phenome-wide analysis : No 111
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 63
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Obesity is on the rise globally, and is a leading risk factor for T2D. However, it is very heterogeneous, with varying degrees of T2D risk within the same levels of BMI. Better classification may lead to improve outcomes of current preventive and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, by elucidating the mechanisms uncoupling obesity from T2D risk, new possible therapeutic targets may emerge. Leveraging the vast amount of genetic data produced to date may contribute to reach these goals while overcoming the obstacles imposed by common assumptions, biases and confounders present in observational studies. Our aim is to compare the phenome-wide association patterns of BMI-increasing genetic profiles that either concordantly increase or discordantly decrease T2D risk. Materials and methods: Highly concordant and highly discordant SNPs between BMI and T2D were obtained from the latest GWAS for both conditions. Their standardized effect sizes (SES) across multiple traits in the phenome, metabolome, proteinome and transcriptome were retrieved from the online genomic repositories. After alignment to the BMI-increasing allele, these effects were organized into a SNP x Trait matrix. A hierarchical clustering technique, combining PCA and Random Forest algorithms was applied, retrieving the optimal number of clusters of traits, organized in order of importance, useful to distinguish a discordant from a concordant SNP. Posterior probabilities of colocalization with T2D were calculated for each gene using transcriptome results. Tissue, biological process, molecular mechanism and cellular component enrichments were evaluated. The predictive potential of GRSs informed by these findings were assessed in the UK Biobank dataset. Results: 121 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with BMI and T2D. 18 were discordant and 104 concordant. A total of 1372 variables were included in the analyses (Phenome = 546, Metabolome = 233, Proteinome = 593). The most important difference between discordant and concordant SNPs in the phenome matrix was found in a cluster of traits led by hypertension (Mean discordant SES = -1.59, Mean concordant SES = 2.56), highly correlated with two clusters led by coronary heart disease and overall health status, respectively. The second most important cluster was led by physical activity-adjusted WHR (Mean discordant SES = -2.69, Mean concordant SES = 0.24). The model obtained from the phenome matrix had the highest classification performance (Matthews Correlation Coefficient, MCC = 0.79). Metabolome results showed differences in polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid contents in VLDL, but with lower performance (MCC = 0.67). The model from the proteinome matrix was unable to correctly classify SNPs (MCC = -0.03). Two genes (CCDC92 and DNAH10) showed the strongest association within the discordant set in adipose tissue, both involved in cilia formation. A GRS of these 121 SNPs with weights derived from the clusters with high classification performance was highly associated with T2D in both the general and obese populations in UK Biobank (p < 1x1016). Conclusion: The main difference between BMI-increasing genetic profiles that either discordantly decrease or concordantly increase T2D risk is found in hypertension risk and physical activity-adjusted WHR. These traits can be used to inform GRSs to better classify T2D risk in obesity. Molecular mechanisms behind the discordant profile appear to involve cilia formation in the adipose tissue.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kobrina, Yevgeniya, et al.
(författare)
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Clustering of infrared spectra reveals histological zones in intact articular cartilage
- 2012
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 20:5, s. 460-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Articular cartilage (AC) exhibits specific zonal structure that follows the organization of collagen network and concentration of tissue constituents. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of unsupervised clustering analysis applied to Fourier transform infrared (FIR) microspectroscopy to detect depth-dependent structural and compositional differences in intact AC. Method: Seven rabbit and eight bovine intact patellae AC samples were imaged using FTIR microspectroscopy and normalized raw spectra were clustered using the fuzzy C-means algorithm. Differences in mean spectra of clusters were investigated by quantitative estimation of collagen and proteoglycan (PG) contents, as well as by careful visual investigation of locations of spectral changes. Results: Clustering revealed the typical layered structure of AC in both species. However, more distinct clusters were found for rabbit samples, whereas bovine AC showed more complex layered structure. In both species, clustering structure corresponded with that in polarized light microscopic (PLM) images; however, some differences were also observed. Spectral differences between clusters were identified at the same spectral locations for both species. Estimated PG/collagen ratio decreased significantly from superficial to middle or deep zones, which might explain the difference in clustering results compared to PLM. Conclusion: FTIR microspectroscopy in combination with cluster analysis allows detailed examination of spatial changes in AC. As far as we know, no previous single technique could reveal a layered structure of AC without any a priori information. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Iko, Per, 1963-
(författare)
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Den okända transittrafiken : Tysk SS-bataljon korsade Sverige
- 2015
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Ingår i: Militär Historia. - Malmö : LRF-media. - 2000-3471. ; :11, s. 18-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I oktober 1940, åtta månader före transiteringen av division Engelbrecht som höll på att skapa en regeringskris, tilläts närmare tusen tyska soldater att med järnväg transporteras från Luleå till Riksgränsen (Narvik). Det tyska förbandet tillhörde Waffen-SS och fortsatte sedan till Kirkenes i Nordnorge.
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| 13. |
- Courtney, Aisling E, et al.
(författare)
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Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in Older Individuals: An Ethical Legal and Psychological Aspects of Transplantation (ELPAT) View.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. - 1432-2277. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Living donor transplantation is the optimal treatment for suitable patients with end-stage kidney disease. There are particular advantages for older individuals in terms of elective surgery, timely transplantation, and early graft function. Yet, despite the superiority of living donor transplantation especially for this cohort, older patients are significantly less likely to access this treatment modality than younger age groups. However, given the changing population demographic in recent decades, there are increasing numbers of older but otherwise healthy individuals with kidney disease who could benefit from living donor transplantation. The complex reasons for this inequity of access are explored, including conscious and unconscious age-related bias by healthcare professionals, concerns relating to older living donors, ethical anxieties related to younger adults donating to aging patients, unwillingness of potential older recipients to consider living donation, and the relevant legislation. There is a legal and moral duty to consider the inequity of access to living donor transplantation, recognising both the potential disparity between chronological and physiological age in older patients, and benefits of this treatment for individuals as well as society.
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| 14. |
- Kotak, R., et al.
(författare)
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Dust and The Type II-Plateau Supernova 2004et
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 704:1, s. 306-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the Type II-plateau supernova (SN) 2004et, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope between 64 and 1406 days past explosion. Late-time optical spectra are also presented. For the period 300-795 days past explosion, we argue that the spectral energy distribution (SED) of SN 2004et comprises (1) a hot component due to emission from optically thick gas, as well as free-bound radiation; (2) a warm component due to newly formed, radioactively heated dust in the ejecta; and (3) a cold component due to an IR echo from the interstellar-medium dust of the host galaxy, NGC 6946. There may also have been a small contribution to the IR SED due to free-free emission from ionized gas in the ejecta. We reveal the first-ever spectroscopic evidence for silicate dust formed in the ejecta of a supernova. This is supported by our detection of a large, but progressively declining, mass of SiO. However, we conclude that the mass of directly detected ejecta dust grew to no more than a few times 10-4 M sun. We also provide evidence that the ejecta dust formed in comoving clumps of fixed size. We argue that, after about two years past explosion, the appearance of wide, box-shaped optical line profiles was due to the impact of the ejecta on the progenitor circumstellar medium and that the subsequent formation of a cool, dense shell was responsible for a later rise in the MIR flux. This study demonstrates the rich, multifaceted ways in which a typical core-collapse supernova and its progenitor can produce and/or interact with dust grains. The work presented here adds to the growing number of studies that do not support the contention that SNe are responsible for the large mass of observed dust in high-redshift galaxies.
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| 15. |
- Shchetinin, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
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Do Microloan Officers Want to Lend to the Less Advantaged? Evidence from a Choice Experiment.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Working papers in Economics. - 1403-2465. ; :492, s. 1-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The mission of microfinance is generally perceived as compensation for the failure of the mainstream financial institutions to deliver access to finance to the poor. Microloan officers have significant influence on microloans allocation as they contact loan applicants and process information inside microfinance institutions (MFIs). We conduct a choice experiment with microloan officers in Burundi to determine which clients are preferred for microloan allocation and whether the less advantaged are indeed targeted. The results suggest that the allocation of microloans is slightly in favor of the less advantaged, whereas the main determinant is the quality of the applicants' business projects. Somewhat surprisingly, we find only small differences in the determinants of the targeted groups between non-profit and profit-seeking MFIs.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Wrzosek-Lipska, K., et al.
(författare)
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Electromagnetic properties of low-lying states in neutron-deficient Hg isotopes : Coulomb excitation of 182Hg, 184Hg, 186Hg and 188Hg
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 55:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neutron-deficient mercury isotopes serve as a classical example of shape coexistence, whereby at low energy near-degenerate nuclear states characterized by different shapes appear. The electromagnetic structure of even-mass 182-188 Hg isotopes was studied using safe-energy Coulomb excitation of neutron-deficient mercury beams delivered by the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. The population of 01,2+, 21,2+ and 41+ states was observed in all nuclei under study. Reduced E2 matrix elements coupling populated yrast and non-yrast states were extracted, including their relative signs. These are a sensitive probe of shape coexistence and may be used to validate nuclear models. The experimental results are discussed in terms of mixing of two different configurations and are compared with three different model calculations: the Beyond Mean Field model, the Interacting Boson Model with configuration mixing and the General Bohr Hamiltonian. Partial agreement with experiment was observed, hinting to missing ingredients in the theoretical descriptions.
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| 23. |
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Iklädd identitet : historiska studier av kropp och kläder
- 2005
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vilken betydelse har kläderna på den offentliga scenen? Vad betyder gesterna: handen på höften; sättet att hålla tygeln; de sammanbitna käkarna? Denna bok är en historisk färd i mundering och kroppsspråk från 1500-talet till våra dagar. Om bakomliggande signarer, iskalla beräkningar, orimliga aspirationer, lydnad och revolt.Boken tar upp den anspråkslösa dräkten som förenar präster, sjuksköterskor, kända krigarkungar och uniformsbesatta SA-trupper. Boken tar också upp grupper som har tagit chansen att låta sitt yttre bli till ett konstverk. Det gäller 1500-talets legosoldater, filmskådespelare av båda könen och några av våra mest kända målare, här i helfigur.
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| 24. |
- Tiedemann, Jörg
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Word Alignment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Natural Language Processing Methods and Corpora in Translation, Lexicography and Language Learning (in connection with RANLP’09). - 9789544520106 ; , s. 28-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe word alignment experiments using an approach based on a disjunctive combination of alignment evidence. A wide range of statistical, orthographic and positional clues can be combined in this way. Their weights can easily be learned from small amounts of hand-aligned training data. We can show that this “evidence-based” approach can be used to improve the baseline of statistical alignment and also outperforms a discriminative approach based on a maximum entropy classifier.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Loyd, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure half-time does not always predict mitral valve area correctly.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 1:5, s. 313-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theory is presented elucidating factors that influence the pressure half-time. By combining the Bernoulli and continuity equations and making certain assumptions about the shape of the atrioventricular pressure difference decay, it can be shown that valve area, volume transported across that area, and initial pressure difference influence the pressure half-time according to a formula in which the pressure half-time is related to V/(Ao square root of delta po), where V is the transported volume across the orifice with the area Ao, and delta po is the initial pressure difference across that area. In a subsequent hydraulic model experiment pressure half-time was determined for three different hole areas, with various initial volumes and initial pressure gradients. We did not obtain a unique relation between the pressure half-time and area. Instead the results supported our theory, and we found a close linear relationship between area and V/(T0.5 square root of delta po) (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.998), as predicted in the theory (T0.5 = pressure half-time). Clinical examples in which the pressure half-time may be misleading in the assessment of severity of mitral stenosis are presented.
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| 27. |
- Pecorari, Diane, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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So what should we do?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Student Plagiarism in Higher Education. - : Routledge. - 9781138055155 - 9781315166148 ; , s. 157-168
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Stambulova, Natalia, 1952-
(författare)
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Sport psychology in Russia
- 2001
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Ingår i: The world sport psychology sourcebook. - Morgantown, WV : Fitness Information Technology. - 1885693354 ; , s. 152-157
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Nicholl, Barbara I., et al.
(författare)
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No evidence for a role of the catechol-O-methyltransferase pain sensitivity haplotypes in chronic widespread pain
- 2010
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 69:11, s. 2009-2012
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) 'pain sensitivity' haplotypes and chronic widespread pain (CWP) in two distinct cohorts. Methods Cases of CWP and controls free of pain were selected from two population-based studies: the Epidemiology of Functional Disorders study (EPIFUND) (UK) and the European Male Ageing Study (European). The number of cases and controls were 164 and 172, and 204 and 935, respectively. Identical American College of Rheumatology criteria were used in both studies to ascertain CWP status. The EPIFUND study had three time points and cases were classified as subjects with CWP at two or three time points and controls as those free of pain at all three time points. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP): rs6269, rs4633, rs4818 and rs4680 (V158M) were genotyped using Sequenom technology. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared and haplotype analysis was conducted using PLINK software. Results No differences in allele or genotype frequencies for any of the four SNP were observed between cases and controls for either cohort. Haplotype analysis also showed no difference in the frequency of haplotypes between cases and controls. Conclusions There was no evidence of association between the COMT 'pain sensitivity' haplotypes and CWP in two population-based cohorts.
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| 31. |
- Da Costa, G. S., et al.
(författare)
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The SkyMapper DR1.1 search for extremely metal-poor stars
- 2019
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 489:4, s. 5900-5918
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present and discuss the results of a search for extremely metal-poor stars based on photometry from data release DR1.1 of the SkyMapper imaging survey of the southern sky. In particular, we outline our photometric selection procedures and describe the low-resolution (R approximate to 3000) spectroscopic follow-up observations that are used to provide estimates of effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity ([Fe/H]) for the candidates. The selection process is very efficient: of the 2618 candidates with low-resolution spectra that have photometric metallicity estimates less than or equal to -2.0, 41 per cent have [Fe/H] <= -2.75 and only approximately seven per cent have [Fe/H] > -2.0 dex. The most metal-poor candidate in the sample has [Fe/H] < -4.75 and is notably carbon rich. Except at the lowest metallicities ([Fe/H] < -4), the stars observed spectroscopically are dominated by a 'carbon-normal' population with [C/Fe](1D, LTE) <= +1 dex. Consideration of the A(C)(1D, LTE) versus [Fe/H](1D, LTE) diagram suggests that the current selection process is strongly biased against stars with A(C)(1D, LTE) > 7.3 (predominantly CEMP-s) while any bias against stars with A(C)(1D, LTE) < 7.3 and [C/Fe](1D, LTE) > +1 (predominantly CEMP-no) is not readily quantifiable given the uncertainty in the SkyMapper v-band DR1.1 photometry. We find that the metallicity distribution function of the observed sample has a power-law slope of Delta(Log N)/Delta[Fe/H] = 1.5 +/- 0.1 dex per dex for -4.0 <= [Fe/H] <= -2.75, but appears to drop abruptly at [Fe/H] approximate to -4.2, in line with previous studies.
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| 32. |
- Bossius, Thomas, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Youth Culture
- 2006
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Religion, Communication and Media. ; 2006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
- Blochin, Dimri S., et al.
(författare)
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Spatial structure of heptapeptide Glu-Ile-Leu-Asn-His-Met-Lys, a fragment of the HIV enhancer prostatic acid phosphatase, in aqueous and SDS micelle solutions
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2860 .- 1872-8014. ; 1033, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a protein abundantly present in human seminal fluid. PAP plays important role in fertilization. Its 39-amino-acid fragment, PAP(248-286), is effective in enhancing infectivity of HIV virus. In this work, we determined the spatial structure in aqueous solution of a heptapeptide within the PAP fragment, containing amino acid residues 266-272 (Glu-Ile-Leu-Asn-His-Met-Lys). We also report the structure of the complex formed by this heptapeptide with sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, a model of a biological membrane, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and 2D NMR (TOCSY, HSQC-HECADE, NOESY) spectroscopy. Complex formation was confirmed by chemical shift alterations in the 1H NMR spectra of the heptapeptide, as well as by the signs and values of NOE effects. We also present a comparison of the spatial structure of Glu-Ile-Leu-Asn-His-Met-Lys in water and in complex with sodium dodecyl sulfate
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| 34. |
- Miao, Chiyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrological Research Evolution: A Large Language Model-Based Analysis of 310,000 Studies Published Globally Between 1980 and 2023
- 2024
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Ingår i: Water resources research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 60:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrology plays a crucial role in understanding Earth's intricate water system and addressing water-related problems, including against the backdrop of ongoing climate change. A retrospective review of the evolution of hydrology up to the current state of research is of great importance for understanding this role. While there have been some quantitative reviews of large numbers of hydrological publications, there still remains a lack of overarching hydrological research assessment, particularly with the focus on hydrological basins as fundamental spatial-geographic units of hydrological analysis. Large language models, represented by OpenAI's ChatGPT, have demonstrated powerful textual understanding capabilities, making it possible to extract such overarching and basin information from hydrological publications. Here, we considered publications related to hydrology from Web of Science spanning January 1980 to October 2023, and parsed the information from this extensive body of literature by integrating a large language model and geocoding. These techniques enable quantitative analysis of research characteristics across different spatio-temporal scales, focusing on hotspot topics, collaboration networks, and various basins worldwide. Our study revealed an increase in hydrological research since the 1990 s, with shifts in research priorities from groundwater and nutrients to climate change and ecohydrology. Some basins in North America and Europe have consistently been hotspots for hydrological research. Since the 2010s, there has been a noteworthy increase in interest toward basins in China and South Asia, but attention to many regions with frequent extreme rainfall remains insufficient. Geographical patterns show different preferred research topics for different basins, but climate change has emerged as the most prominent topic across all regions in the last decade. In conclusion, our study provides an effective approach to quantitative analysis of research trends, offering a fresh view on the evolution of hydrology as a research field, its focus on various hydrological basins around the world, and the emergence of overarching and basin-specific hot topics over time.
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| 35. |
- Nicholl, M., et al.
(författare)
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On the diversity of superluminous supernovae : ejected mass as the dominant factor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 452:4, s. 3869-3893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assemble a sample of 24 hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). Parameterizing the light-curve shape through rise and decline time-scales shows that the two are highly correlated. Magnetar-powered models can reproduce the correlation, with the diversity in rise and decline rates driven by the diffusion time-scale. Circumstellar interaction models can exhibit a similar rise-decline relation, but only for a narrow range of densities, which may be problematic for these models. We find that SLSNe are approximately 3.5 mag brighter and have light curves three times broader than SNe Ibc, but that the intrinsic shapes are similar. There are a number of SLSNe with particularly broad light curves, possibly indicating two progenitor channels, but statistical tests do not cleanly separate two populations. The general spectral evolution is also presented. Velocities measured from Fe II are similar for SLSNe and SNe Ibc, suggesting that diffusion time differences are dominated by mass or opacity. Flat velocity evolution in most SLSNe suggests a dense shell of ejecta. If opacities in SLSNe are similar to other SNe Ibc, the average ejected mass is higher by a factor 2-3. Assuming. = 0.1 cm(2) g(-1), we estimate a mean (median) SLSN ejecta mass of 10 M-circle dot (6 M-circle dot), with a range of 3-30 M-circle dot. Doubling the assumed opacity brings the masses closer to normal SNe Ibc, but with a high-mass tail. The most probable mechanism for generating SLSNe seems to be the core collapse of a very massive hydrogen-poor star, forming a millisecond magnetar.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Dickman, P. W., et al.
(författare)
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Hip fractures in men with prostate cancer treated with orchiectomy
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Urol. - 0022-5347. ; 172:6 Pt 1, s. 2208-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of osteoporosis related fractures. This issue is of increasing importance in men with prostate cancer as increasingly more undergo androgen deprivation therapy and therapy is administered sooner following diagnosis. Data directly addressing the long-term fracture risk in men diagnosed with prostate cancer are limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using population based registries in Sweden we studied the incidence of hip fractures in 17,731 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1964 to 1996 who were treated with bilateral orchiectomy within 6 months of diagnosis. The fracture incidence was compared to the incidence in 43,230 men diagnosed with prostate cancer but not treated with orchiectomy and in 362,354 of similar age who were randomly selected from the general population. RESULTS: Men treated with orchiectomy were at increased risk for hip fracture. The estimated relative risk comparing men who underwent orchiectomy to population controls was 2.11 (95% CI 1.94 to 2.29) for femoral neck fractures and 2.16 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.36) for intertrochanter fractures. An increased risk of hip fracture was observed as early as 6 months after orchiectomy and the relative risk remained fairly constant up to 15 years following orchiectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Hip fracture risk increases almost immediately following orchiectomy and the excess risk persists for at least 15 years. This side effect should be considered when assessing the merits of androgen deprivation therapy, particularly in symptom-free men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Measures to prevent osteoporosis should be considered in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.
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| 39. |
- Ademovski, Seida Erovic, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of periodontal therapy on intra-oral halitosis : a case series
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 43:5, s. 445-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on intra-oral halitosis 3 months after therapy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-eight adults with intra-oral halitosis were included in a case series. Intra-oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, and at 3 months after treatment using the organoleptic scores (OLS), Halimeter® , and a gas chromatograph.RESULTS: Significant reductions for OLS (p < 0.01), total sum of volatile sulphur compounds (T-VSC) (p < 0.01) and methyl mercaptan (MM) (p < 0.05) values were found after treatment. Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) levels were not significantly reduced. The numbers of probing pockets 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were significantly reduced as a result of therapy (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). For the 34 individuals with successful periodontal treatment (BOP<20% and a ≥50% reduction of total pocket depth) reductions in OLS (p < 0.01) and T-VSC scores (p < 0.01) were found. Eleven individuals were considered effectively treated for intra-oral halitosis presenting with a T-VSC value <160 ppb, a H2 S value <112 ppb and a MM value <26 ppb.CONCLUSION: Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in reduction of OLS, MM and T-VSC values 3 months after therapy. Few individuals were considered as effectively treated for intra-oral halitosis.
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| 40. |
- Alam, Muhammad Wasi, et al.
(författare)
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HIF2α contributes to antiestrogen resistance via positive bilateral crosstalk with EGFR in breast cancer cells.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:10, s. 50-11238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of breast cancers express estrogen receptor α (ERα), and most patients with ERα-positive breast cancer benefit from antiestrogen therapy. The ERα-modulator tamoxifen and ERα-downregulator fulvestrant are commonly employed antiestrogens. Antiestrogen resistance remains a clinical challenge, with few effective treatments available for patients with antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. Hypoxia, which is intrinsic to most tumors, promotes aggressive disease, with the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF1 and HIF2 regulating cellular responses to hypoxia. Here, we show that the ERα-expressing breast cancer cells MCF-7, CAMA-1, and T47D are less sensitive to antiestrogens when hypoxic. Furthermore, protein and mRNA levels of HIF2α/HIF2A were increased in a panel of antiestrogen-resistant cells, and antiestrogen-exposure further increased HIF2α expression. Ectopic expression of HIF2α in MCF-7 cells significantly decreased sensitivity to antiestrogens, further implicating HIF2α in antiestrogen resistance. EGFR is known to contribute to antiestrogen resistance: we further show that HIF2α drives hypoxic induction of EGFR and that EGFR induces HIF2α expression. Downregulation or inhibition of EGFR led to decreased HIF2α levels. This positive and bilateral HIF2-EGFR regulatory crosstalk promotes antiestrogen resistance and, where intrinsic hypoxic resistance exists, therapy itself may exacerbate the problem. Finally, inhibition of HIFs by FM19G11 restores antiestrogen sensitivity in resistant cells. Targeting HIF2 may be useful for counteracting antiestrogen resistance in the clinic.
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| 41. |
- Feifel, R, et al.
(författare)
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Probing doubly excited ionic states of N-2(+) via a triple excitation above the N 1s threshold in the N-2 molecule
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 67:3: 032504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angle-resolved resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy has been carried out on the nitrogen molecule at selected photon energies around 419 eV, where a 1s core electron and two valence electrons are promoted into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 1pi(g). Significant enhancement of a specific band, which cannot be disentangled in direct photoionization, is observed at a binding energy of 37.6 eV, with a value of the anisotropy parameter beta much smaller than 2. We assign this new band to the transition to a doubly excited cationic state of N-2, in which two of the excited valence electrons remain in the 1pi(g) orbital, proposing a "double spectator" type decay mechanism. This observation shows how to preferentially probe multiply excited configurations of cations using multiple resonant excitation.
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| 42. |
- Nordahl, Christian, 1991-
(författare)
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Data Stream Mining and Analysis : Clustering Evolving Data
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Streaming data is becoming more prevalent in our society every day. With the increasing use of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G networks, the number of possible data sources steadily increases. Therefore, there is a need to develop algorithms that can handle the massive amount of data we now generate.Data mining is an area of research where data is mined to gain an understanding of data and its underlying structure. When we move to streaming data, and the corresponding sub-domain data stream mining, restrictions are imposed on the algorithms that can be used. Data streams are possibly endless, and their instances arrive rapidly, can often only be processed once or a few times, and often evolve as the data is generated over time.This thesis explores data-driven techniques to model and analyze evolving data streams. We focus on slower data streams where incremental updates are not necessary, and the interest lies in analyzing its behavior over longer time periods. We aim to evaluate existing and develop novel algorithms and techniques suitable for analyzing these types of data streams. We use both supervised and unsupervised learning methods to model the user/system behaviors, and the methods and algorithms are evaluated on various datasets.Specifically, we investigate regression and clustering algorithms to mine streaming data for user/system behavior patterns. We also design an algorithm capable of modeling user/system behavior in a single evolving data stream, which is easy to use and capitalizes on prior knowledge from the history of the stream. Furthermore, we design a clustering algorithm that takes advantage of multiple data streams, where each stream represents a part of the entire system, to model various aspects of the user/system behavior. Finally, we review the current state-of-the-art methods for evaluating data stream clustering algorithms and identify aspects that should be considered for the future.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Amsteus, Martin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Think Outside the Package : Context Congruence and Product Placement on Packaging
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. - : Center for Promoting Ideas. - 2308-3816 .- 2222-6990. ; 6:3, s. 72-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of context congruence on attitudes towards product placement on packaging. It is proposed that congruence-/-incongruence between the context (packaging) and the (product featured as a) product placement has an effect on the attitude towards the (product featured as a) product placement. The hypotheses were tested through Man-Witney U tests on a total of 238 respondents. The results show that a congruent context and an incongruent context impact attitudes towards a product placement differently. A congruent context does not influence attitudes towards a product placement, while an incongruent context influences attitudes towards a product placement negatively. Managers may want to consider using a congruent product package context rather than an incongruent one when placing a product.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ashouri, Sajad, et al.
(författare)
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Indicators on firm level innovation activities from web scraped data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents data on companies' innovative behavior measured at the firm-level based on web scraped firm-level data derived from medium-high and high-technology companies in the European Union and the United Kingdom. The data are retrieved from individual company websites and contains in total data on 96,921 companies. The data provide information on various aspects of innovation, most significantly the research and development orientation of the company at the company and product level, the company's collaborative activities, company's products, and use of standards. In addition to the web scraped data, the dataset aggregates a variety firm-level indicators including patenting activities. In total, the dataset includes 21 variables with unique identifiers which enables connecting to other databases such as financial data.
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| 47. |
- Ashourizadeh, Shayegheh, et al.
(författare)
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Formal sources of finance boost innovation : Do immigrants benefit as much as natives?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review. - : Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie - Krakow University of Economics. - 2353-883X .- 2353-8821. ; 10:2, s. 41-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The article investigates the relative benefit of formality/informality of finance sources for innovation and compares this benefit amongst immigrant and native entrepreneurs. The authors investigate whether formal finance (here, bank loan) benefit innovation more than informal sources (personal savings and friend/family loan). Then, they explore whether an entrepreneur's status strengthens or weakens the benefit finance sources for innovation. Research Design & Methods: This study applies a quantitative approach to conduct the research. The data of 15,850 entrepreneurs surveyed by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor in 2015 were analysed using the hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) technique. Findings: Results indicated that formal finance benefits innovation more than informal sources, and this advantage is the same for both immigrant and native entrepreneurs. Implications & Recommendations: Despite the prevalence of some stereotypes regarding the simplistic and repetitive nature of immigrants ' businesses, the study recommends that financial institutions and policymakers plan to enhance entrepreneurs ' access to formal financial resources irrespective of their migrant status. Policymakers also can plan to increase the immigrant entrepreneurs ' access to the formal sources of finance by tailored educations to boost innovation. Contribution & Value Added: The results highlight that immigrant entrepreneurs benefit from formal finance towards innovation similarly to their native counterparts. Such a clarification informs the studies on the liability of foreignness and innovation finance that immigration status cannot be a barrier to innovation as portrayed and conceptualized by some studies.
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| 48. |
- Ashraf, Asra, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling High-speed Ultrasound Communication Through Thin Plates by Reverberation Suppression
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In all digital communications, knowledge of the propagation channel between the transmitter and the receiver is essential. For transmitting of data through solid bodies, such as metal plates, pipe walls, etc., ultrasound is a viable alternative to radio communication and wired transmission. In ultrasound communication, the channel consists of two parts, the combined response of the transducers used as transmitter and receiver, and the impulse response of the propagation medium itself. For a thin plate with parallel surfaces, this results in a reverberating channel that significantly reduces the achievable bitrate if not handled properly. In this paper we show with simulations how the bit-error rate in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communications, is affected by the reverberating nature of the plate, and how this can be overcome by the introduction of a channel shortening filter placed in front of the OFDM conventional receiver. The results show that this significantly reduces the bit-error rate, especially for thin plates. If the reverberations instead were to be compensated by the conventional channel equalization method in OFDM, we show that for the example in the simulations, the bitrate would drop by almost 25 %, from about 3.9 Mbit/s to about 2.9 Mbit/s.
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| 49. |
- Ashraf, Asra, 1989-
(författare)
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Ultrasound Communication through Thin Plates: Understanding the Channel
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ultrasound, composed of sound waves with frequencies above the human audible range, has become widely used in various technological fields for digital communications. In the past, acoustic and ultrasonic waves were employed in military and commercial un-derwater wireless communication systems due to their superior performance compared to electromagnetic waves. Ultrasound has also emerged as a viable alternative to radio and wired transmission for data transmission through solid bodies like metal plates and pipe walls. Notably, ultrasound offers high-security features as it is nearly undetectable from outside the room, minimizing the risks of wireless interception and attacks like Bluesniping and jamming.In any digital communication system, understanding the propagation channel between the transmitter and receiver is crucial. The ultrasound communication channel comprises three main components: transmitting and receiving transducers and the medium through which the sound propagates. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier scheme that divides the available spectrum into multiple non-overlapping subcarriers for digital communication.In the context of ultrasound communication, the channel consists of two parts: the combined response of the transducers used as the transmitter and receiver, and the im-pulse response of the propagation medium. When dealing with a thin plate with parallel surfaces, this results in a reverberating channel. The reverberating channel comprises a primary pulse along with echo pulses that possess similar shapes but decaying amplitudes. The amplitude decay occurs due to four prominent factors: power losses in the trans-ducers at each side, transmission losses at the boundaries of the plate and transducer, ultrasound pulse attenuation within the plate, and beam spreading as the ultrasound pulse travels over distance. The reverberations elongate the impulse response of the channel, thus require a long cyclic prefix to prevent data symbols to overlap. However, this limitation restricts the achievable bit rate and energy efficiency of the system.In this thesis, we present a model for the reverberating ultrasound channel suitable for various plate materials. We propose a novel system-level path loss model that accounts for losses at the transducers, transmission losses, material attenuation, and diffraction losses. Based on this model, we calculate a comprehensive link budget that explicitly considers plate thickness. Furthermore, we conduct a quantitative analysis to evaluate the impact of Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) on the performance of the OFDM system. Through computer simulations, we evaluate the system’s performance and demonstrate that for a metal plate with a thickness of 5 mm, an uncoded data rate of 32 Mbps can be achieved.
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| 50. |
- Ashraf, Batool, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying Anthropogenic Stress on Groundwater Resources
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores a general framework for quantifying anthropogenic influences on groundwater budget based on normalized human outflow (h(out)) and inflow (h(in)). The framework is useful for sustainability assessment of groundwater systems and allows investigating the effects of different human water abstraction scenarios on the overall aquifer regime (e.g., depleted, natural flow-dominated, and human flow-dominated). We apply this approach to selected regions in the USA, Germany and Iran to evaluate the current aquifer regime. We subsequently present two scenarios of changes in human water withdrawals and return flow to the system (individually and combined). Results show that approximately one-third of the selected aquifers in the USA, and half of the selected aquifers in Iran are dominated by human activities, while the selected aquifers in Germany are natural flow-dominated. The scenario analysis results also show that reduced human withdrawals could help with regime change in some aquifers. For instance, in two of the selected USA aquifers, a decrease in anthropogenic influences by similar to 20% may change the condition of depleted regime to natural flow-dominated regime. We specifically highlight a trending threat to the sustainability of groundwater in northwest Iran and California, and the need for more careful assessment and monitoring practices as well as strict regulations to mitigate the negative impacts of groundwater overexploitation.
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