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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- A., Trubetskaya, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Wood Composition and Supercritical CO2 Extraction on the Charcoal Production
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 AIChE Annual Meeting proceedings. - : American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work demonstrated that the coupling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with slow pyrolysis is effective to remove over half of extractives from low quality wood and to generate biochar from remaining solid wood fractions. The high yields of extractives from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction illustrates the potential utilizing of low quality wood as an alternative feedstock for the sustainable production of value-added chemicals. Results showed that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction has neither a strong impact on the physical properties of original wood nor on the yield of solid biochar. These results are promising as they show that the biochar obtained for this renewable feedstock could be used as an alternative to fossil-based coke in applications including ferroalloy industries. Moreover, the heat treatment temperature and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction had a significant impact on the tar yields, leading to the increase in naphthalene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic and phenolic fractions with the greater temperature. The differences in gasification reactivity and dielectric properties of solid biochars, composition and yields of liquid products of non-treated pinewood and extracted wood fraction emphasize the impact of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction on the pyrolysis process.
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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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- Burrell, Jamie, et al.
(författare)
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Using Curvature Power to Map the Domain of Inverse Micellar Cubic Phases : The Case of Aliphatic Aldehydes in 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- 2017
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 33:44, s. 12804-12813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxylipins, or fatty aldehydes, are a class of molecules produced from membrane lipids as a result of oxidative stress or enzyme-mediated peroxidation. Here we report the effects of two biologically important fatty aldehydes, trans,trans-2,4-decanedienal (DD) and cis-11-hexadecenal (HD), on the phase behavior of the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in water. We compare the phase behavior of DD/DOPE and HD/DOPE mixtures to the phase behavior of oleic acid/DOPE mixtures and show that DD, HD, and oleic acid have similar effects on the phase diagrams of DOPE. Notably, both DD and HD, like oleic acid, induce the formation of Fd3m inverse micellar cubic phases in DOPE/water mixtures. This is the first time that Fd3m phases in fatty aldehyde-containing mixtures have been reported. We assess the effects of DD, HD, and oleic acid on DOPE in terms of lipid spontaneous curvatures and propose a method to predict the formation of Fd3m phases from the curvature power of amphiphiles. This methodology predicts that Fd3m phases will become stable if the spontaneous curvature of a lipid mixture is -0.48 ± 0.05 nm-1 or less.
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