| 1. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Pain among persons living at a nursing home
- 2000
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - : SAGE Publications. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 20:2, s. 20-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pain is common among elderly. Very sick elderly persons living in nursing homes often have communication problems because of dementia or stroke, which causes problem to judge pain and evaluate effects of pain treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, localisation and expressions of pain and to evaluate the usefulness of some pain assessment methods for nursing home residents. The study included 66 elderly living in a nursing home of which 49% had dementia as main medical diagnosis. A specially trained registered nurse (RN) performed pain assessment by * presenting a set of pain assessment tools * interpreting the nursing home residents' reactions during activity and * interviewing the resident about perceived pain. Two physiotherapists (PTs) performed physical examination including assessment of joint motion and palpation of joints and muscles. Contractures and ambulating status were noted. Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) assessed cognitive capacity. When assisted by the RN 61% of the residents used independent or by assistance a verbal rating scale. The RN made an estimation of pain in all the nursing home residents and the PTs examined 92% of the residents. Pain was identified in 88% of the residents, 42% of the residents were treated with analgesics and pain it-as documented in the nurses' daily notes in 27% of the patient records. All residents with contractures had pain in the engaged joint. This study indicates that it is possible to assess pain by combining interview and interpretation of the residents' reactions during activity. Detection of pain by physical examination is a valuable complement especially for persons with decreased ability to communicate.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Serological screening for celiac disease in healthy 2.5-year-old children in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 107:1, s. 42-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) among 2.5-year-old children in a Swedish urban population with a high incidence of CD.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six hundred ninety apparently healthy children, born in the 12-month period of July 1992 through June 1993, were screened for immunoglobulin A (IgA) antigliadin antibodies and IgA antiendomysium antibodies, and those antibody-positive at repeated testing were further investigated with intestinal biopsy.RESULTS: Of the 690 children, 6 were both IgA antigliadin antibody- and IgA antiendomysium antibody-positive, and 7 were antiendomysium antibody-positive but antigliadin antibody-negative. Jejunal biopsy, performed in 12 cases, manifested partial or total villous atrophy in 8 cases. Thus, together with an additional child whose parents declined the offered biopsy, but whose response to a gluten-free diet confirmed the presence of CD, the prevalence of CD in the study series was 1.3% (9/690; 95% confidence interval:.4-2.2). However, independent of the study, an additional 22 cases of symptomatic, biopsy-verified CD have already been detected in the birth cohort of 3004 children.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CD in our study series was high, at least 1.0%, but may be as high as 2.0% if the frequency of silent CD is as high as we have found in the remaining unscreened cohort. These findings confirm that CD is one of the most common chronic disorders.
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| 6. |
- Dobrydnjov, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Clonidine combined with small-dose bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy : a randomized double-blinded study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Anesthesia and Analgesia. - 0003-2999 .- 1526-7598. ; 96:5, s. 1496-1503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this randomized double-blinded study was to see whether the addition of small-dose clonidine to small-dose bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia and also provided a sufficient block duration that would be adequate for inguinal herniorrhaphy. We randomized 45 patients to 3 groups receiving intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 6 mg combined with saline (Group B), clonidine 15 μg (Group BC15), or clonidine 30 μg (Group BC30); all solutions were diluted with saline to 3 mL. The sensory block level was insufficient for surgery in five patients in Group B, and these patients were given general anesthesia. Patients in Groups BC15 and BC30 had a significantly higher spread of analgesia (two to four dermatomes) than those in Group B. Two-segment regression, return of S1 sensation, and regression of motor block were significantly longer in Group BC30 than in Group B. The addition of clonidine 15 and 30 μg to bupivacaine prolonged time to first analgesic request and decreased postoperative pain with minimal risk of hypotension. We conclude that clonidine 15 μg with bupivacaine 6 mg produced an effective spinal anesthesia and recommend this dose for inguinal herniorrhaphy, because it did not prolong the motor block.
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| 7. |
- Forsberg, E, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of performance-based reimbursement in healthcare
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 28:2, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess changes in attitudes and behaviour related to efficiency and quality of care after introduction of performance-based reimbursement. The study consisted of two parts. Part One was performed in 1992-94 as a repeated cross-sectional study of physicians in Stockholm County Council working with a newly introduced performance-based reimbursement system. Part Two was a similar study conducted in 1994 in 11 Swedish councils without performance-based reimbursement. The results show a significant difference between the two groups of physicians in attitudes concerning changes in quality of care and premature discharge from hospital. Despite concern about quality and premature discharge, physicians in Stockholm were found to have changed their behaviour in that the average length of stay in 1994 was about one day shorter in Stockholm than in the other 11 county councils. This indicates that the performance-based reimbursement system may strengthen the incentive to increase efficiency.
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
- Gupta, Anil, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative pain after abdominal hysterectomy : A double-blind comparison between placebo and local anesthetic infused intraperitoneally
- 2004
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Ingår i: Anesthesia and Analgesia. - 0003-2999 .- 1526-7598. ; 99:4, s. 1173-1179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal hysterectomy is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. We randomly divided 40 patients (ASA status I-II) undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy into 2 groups: group P received an infusion of normal saline 5 mL/h via a catheter placed intraperitoneally at the end of surgery, and group L received 0.25% levobupivacaine 12.5 mg/h (5 mL/h). Ketobemidone was administered IV via a patient-controlled analgesia pump as a rescue analgesic in all patients. The catheter was removed after 24 h. Incisional pain, deep pain, and pain on coughing were assessed 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h after surgery by using a visual analog scale. Ketobemidone consumption during 0-72 h was recorded. Time to sit, walk, eat, and drink; home discharge; and plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine were also determined. Pain at the incision site, deep pain, and pain on coughing were all significantly less in group L compared with group P at 1-2 h after surgery. After 4 h, the mean visual analog scale pain scores at rest and during coughing remained <3 cm during most time periods. Total ketobemidone consumption during 4-24 h was significantly less in group L compared with group P (mean, 19 versus 31 mg, respectively). A less frequent incidence of postoperative nausea, but not vomiting, was also found during 4-24 h in group L compared with group P (P < 0.025). Total and free plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine were small. We conclude that levobupivacaine used as an infusion intraperitoneally after elective abdominal hysterectomy has significant opioid-sparing effects.
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| 14. |
- Ideguchi, E., et al.
(författare)
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Superdeformation in the Doubly Magic Nucleus 40Ca
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 87:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rotational band with seven gamma -ray transitions between states with spin 2 (h) over bar and 16 (h) over bar has been observed in the doubly magic, self-conjugate nucleus Ca-40(20)20. The measured transition quadrupole moment of 1.80(-0.29)(+0.39)eb indicates a superdeformed shape with a deformation beta (2) = 0.59(-0.07)(+0.11). The features of this band are explained by cranked relativistic mean field calculations to arise from an 8-particle 8-hole excitation.
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| 15. |
- Ideguchi, E, et al.
(författare)
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Superdeformation in the doubly magic nucleus Ca-40(20)20
- 2001
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC, COLLEGE PK. - 0031-9007. ; 87:222501, s. 2501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rotational band with seven gamma -ray transitions between states with spin 2 (h) over bar and 16 (h) over bar has been observed in the doubly magic, self-conjugate nucleus Ca-40(20)20. The measured transition quadrupole moment of 1.80(-0.29)(+0.39)eb in
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| 16. |
- Lagergren, K, et al.
(författare)
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Coexistence of superdeformed shapes in Er-154
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 8702:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new superdeformed rotational band has been observed in Er-154 using the Euroball Ge detector array. The new band and the one previously observed can be understood as based on coexisting superdeformed structures at prolate and triaxial shapes, respectively. The observation resolves long-standing difficulties in the theoretical interpretation of superdeformed states in Er-154.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Löfström, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid and Specific Detection of Salmonella spp. in Animal Feed Samples by PCR after Culture Enrichment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 70:1, s. 69-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A PCR procedure has been developed for routine analysis of viable Salmonella spp. in feed samples. The objective was to develop a simple PCR-compatible enrichment procedure to enable DNA amplification without any sample pretreatment such as DNA extraction or cell lysis. PCR inhibition by 14 different feed samples and natural background flora was circumvented by the use of the DNA polymerase Tth. This DNA polymerase was found to exhibit a high level of resistance to PCR inhibitors present in these feed samples compared to DyNAzyme II, FastStart Taq, Platinum Taq, Pwo, rTth, Taq, and Tfl. The specificity of the Tth assay was confirmed by testing 101 Salmonella and 43 non-Salmonella strains isolated from feed and food samples. A sample preparation method based on culture enrichment in buffered peptone water and DNA amplification with Tth DNA polymerase was developed. The probability of detecting small numbers of salmonellae in feed, in the presence of natural background flora, was accurately determined and found to follow a logistic regression model. From this model, the probability of detecting 1 CFU per 25 g of feed in artificially contaminated soy samples was calculated and found to be 0.81. The PCR protocol was evaluated on 155 naturally contaminated feed samples and compared to an established culture-based method, NMKL-71. Eight percent of the samples were positive by PCR, compared with 3% with the conventional method. The reasons for the differences in sensitivity are discussed. Use of this method in the routine analysis of animal feed samples would improve safety in the food chain.
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| 19. |
- Markenroth, Karin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Crossing the dripline to N-11 using elastic resonance scattering
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 6203:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The level structure of the unbound nucleus N-11 has been studied by C-10+p elastic resonance scattering in inverse geometry with the LISE3 spectrometer at GANIL, using a C-10 beam with an energy of 9.0 MeV/ nucleon. An additional measurement was done at the A1200 spectrometer at MSU. The excitation function above the C-10+p threshold has been determined up to 5 MeV. A potential-model analysis revealed three resonance states at energies 1.27(-0.05)(+0.18) MeV (Gamma = 1.44 +/- 0.2 MeV), 2.01(-0.05)(+0.15) MeV (Gamma = 0.84 +/- 0.2 MeV), and 3.75 +/- 0.05 MeV (Gamma = 0.60 +/- 0.05 MeV) with the spin-parity assignments I-pi=1/2+,1/2,-,5/2+, respectively. Hence, N-11 is shown to have a ground state parity inversion completely analogous to its mirror partner Be-11. A narrow resonance in the excitation function at 4.33 +/- 0.05 MeV was also observed and assigned spin parity 3/2-.
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| 21. |
- Palsson, E, et al.
(författare)
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Theories of chromatographic efficiency applied to expanded beds
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673. ; 912:2, s. 235-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various quantities such as plate height (HETP), number of plates (N), axial dispersion coefficient (D-ax) and Bodenstein number (Bo) are used to describe the efficiency of, and dispersion in chromatographic columns. Different quantities highlight different aspects of the performance. Due to the expansion of expanded-bed columns, the information contained in some of these quantities is not the same for expanded beds as for packed beds. In this article the mentioned quantities are described and discussed both theoretically and related to experimental data. It is concluded that they are often used in a confusing way. Quantities modified to be more informative when comparing beds of different expansions are developed (N-EB =N/expansion(2) and HETPEB=HETP . bed expansion) and recommendations of which quantity to use in what situation are given. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 22. |
- Sjödahl, Ragnar G., et al.
(författare)
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Addition of dissolved wood components for improvement of delignification rate and pulp yield in hardwood Kraft pulping
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2nd International Symposium on Technologies Of Pulping, Papermaking and Biotechnology on Fiber Plants, Proceedings. - NANJING : NANJING FORESTRY UNIV. - 9889788772 ; , s. 123-126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study have investigated the effects of dissolved wood components (DWC) in the cooking liquor on the rate of delignification, pulp yield and HexA content during kraft pulping of Eucalyptus Urograndis. The cooking was carried out with and without the addition of DWC, in form of black liquor, as well as with and without the addition of a lignin-like model compound using a,. so-called constant composition cooking technique. The results show that the presence of DWC causes a rate increase in the delignification which makes it possible to reach kappa number 18 with around 40% less H-factor compared to a cook performed with a very low amount of DWC. The presence of DWC also results in a yield increase of up to two percentage units measured as lignin free yield.
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| 23. |
- Thomsson, Kristina A, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal mucins from cystic fibrosis mice show increased fucosylation due to an induced Fucalpha1-2 glycosyltransferase.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Biochemical journal. - 0264-6021. ; 367:Pt 3, s. 609-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In gene-targeted mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF), the disease is mainly manifested by mucus obstruction in the intestine. To explore the mucus composition, mucins insoluble and soluble in 6 M guanidinium chloride were purified by three rounds of isopycnic ultracentrifugation from the small and large intestines of CF mice (Cftr(m1UNC)/Cftr(m1UNC)) and compared with wild-type mice. The amino acid composition was typical of that for mucins and showed increased amounts of the insoluble (2.5-fold increase) and soluble (7-fold increase) mucins in the small intestine of the CF mice compared with wild-type mice. Mucins from the large intestine of both wild-type and CF mice showed a high but constant level of fucosylation. In contrast, the insoluble and soluble mucins of the small intestine in CF mice revealed a large increase in fucose, whereas those of wild-type mice contained only small amounts of fucose. This increased fucosylation was analysed by releasing the O-linked oligosaccharides followed by GC-MS. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the increased fucosylation was due to an increased expression of blood group H epitopes (Fucalpha1-2Gal-). Northern-blot analysis, using a probe for the murine Fucalpha1-2 fucosyltransferase (Fut2), showed an up-regulation of this mRNA in the small intestine of the CF mice, suggesting that this enzyme is responsible for the observed increase in blood group H-type glycosylation. The reason for this up-regulation could be a direct or indirect effect of a non-functional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) caused by the absence of CFTR channel.
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