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- Aggett, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Nondigestible carbohydrates in the diets of infants and young children: A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - Jpgn. - 1536-4801. ; 36:3, s. 329-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consumption of nondigestible carbohydrates is perceived as beneficial by health professionals and the general public, but the translation of this information into dietary practice, public health recommendations, and regulatory policy has proved difficult. Nondiaestible carbohydrates are a heterogeneous entity, and their definition is problematic. Without a means to characterize the dietary components associated with particular health benefits, specific attributions of these cannot be made. Food labeling for "fiber" constituents can be given only in a general context, and the development of health policy, dietary advice, and education, and informed public understanding of nondigestible carbohydrates are limited. There have, however, been several important developments in our thinking about nondigestible carbohydrates during the past few years. The concept of fiber has expanded to include a range of nondigestible carbohydrates. Their fermentation, fate, and effects in the colon have become a defining characteristic; human milk, hitherto regarded as devoid of nondigestible carbo-hydrates, is now recognized as a source for infants, and the inclusion of nondigestible carbohydrates in the diet has been promoted for their "prebiotic" effects. Therefore, a review of the importance of nondigestible carbohydrates in the diets of infants and young children is timely. The aims of this commentary are to clarify the current definitions of nondigestible carbohydrates, to review published evidence for their biochemical, physiologic, nutritional, and clinical effects, and to discuss issues involved in defining dietary guidelines for infants and young children. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc.
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- Agostoni, C, et al.
(författare)
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Prebiotic oligosaccharides in dietetic products for infants: A commentary by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - Jpgn. - 1536-4801. ; 39:5, s. 465-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition summarizes available information on the effects of adding prebiotic oligosaccharides to infant and follow-on formulae. Currently there are only limited studies evaluating prebiotic substances in dietetic products for infants. Although administration of prebiotic oligosaccharides has the potential to increase the total number of bifidobacteria in feces and may also soften stools, there is no published evidence of clinical benefits of adding prebiotic oligosaccharides to dietetic products for infants. Data on oligosaccharide mixtures in infant formulae do not demonstrate adverse effects, but further evaluation is recommended. Combinations and dosages in addition to those so far studied need to be fully evaluated with respect to both safety and efficacy before their use in commercial infant food products. Well-designed and carefully conducted randomized controlled trials with relevant inclusion/exclusion criteria, adequate sample sizes and validated clinical outcome measures are needed both in preterm and term infants. Future trials should define optimal quantity and types of oligosaccharides with prebiotic function, optimal dosages and duration of intake, short and long term benefits and safety. At the present time, therefore, the Committee takes the view that no general recommendation on the use of oligosaccharide supplementation in infancy as a prophylactic or therapeutic measure can be made.
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- Berggren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal function, microflora and nutrient intake of children after administration of a fermented oat product containing Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (299v)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 15:4, s. 160-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the intestinal tolerance of a newly developed food containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, in children. The effects of consumption of the product on the children's nutrient intake were also followed, in a separate study. The tolerance study was parallel, double-blind, and included 69 children between 6 months and 3 years of age, randomized into two groups. One of the groups consumed a fermented oat product (1×109 cfu L. plantarum 299v/g) for 3 weeks, while the other group consumed a placebo product. We analysed the subjects by intention to treat and also carried out an analysis of subjects who had a mean intake of >100 g study product per day. After consumption for 3 weeks, the content of L. plantarum 299v in faeces increased significantly in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.001) and mean log10 cfu/g was 8.7 (intention to treat analysis). Also, the total content of lactobacilli increased and was significantly higher compared with the placebo group (p<0.001). The same result was also obtained when the data for the subjects who had a higher consumption of the study products were analysed. There were no differences in reported gastrointestinal function between the groups. The effects of the fermented oat product on the children's nutrient intake were followed in 12 children aged 1-3 years. Inclusion of the fermented oat product that was enriched with iron and ascorbic acid led to a significantly higher intake of several nutrients like energy, carbohydrates (g, E%), dietary fibre, iron and zinc. In conclusion, the children tolerated the fermented oat product well, the faecal microflora was positively altered and the children's nutritional intake was improved. Keywords: children, microflora, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, probiotic bacteria, intestinal tolerance, nutrient intake.
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- Bramhagen, Ann-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Transferrin receptor in children and its correlation with iron status and types of milk consumption
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 92:6, s. 671-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syfte: Denna studie jämförde koncentrationen av transferrin receptor (TfR) med järnstatus parametrar i relation till barnets intag av komjölk och välling. Metod: TfR, β-Haemoglobin, serum ferritin och medelcellsvolumen (MCV) på de röda blodkropparna analyserades i en population av 263 barn i åldern 2.5 år. Mängden komjölk och välling som barnet drack registrerades. Resultat: Det fanns en signifikant skillnad i TfR/log. ferritin mellan barn vars intag av komjölk var < 500 ml respektive barn med intag av mjölk > 500 ml (p= 0.003). Där fanns ett signifikant högre värde av TfR/log. ferritin bland barn med en medelscellsvolum av de röda blodkropparna på < 75fL jämfört med de som hade > 75fL (p=<0.0001). Koncentrationen av TfR var signifikant högre efter järnbehandling. Konklusion: Högre koncentrationer av TfR var korrelerade med lägre koncentrationer av haemoglobin och MCV av röda bloda kroppar. Mjölk konsumtion ökade risken för högre kvot av TfR/log ferritin. TfR koncentrationen var signifikant lägre efter järnbehandling.
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- Granquist, Å, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal cohort study on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in Swedish children and adolescents.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - 1651-2227. ; 91:6, s. 636-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to monitor the Helicobacter pylori antibody seroprevalence of an asymptomatic cohort between the ages of 4 and 18 y. The H. pylori antibody titres in a longitudinally followed cohort of 168 native Swedish children (born between 1972 and 1974) were established at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 18 y of age. Seventeen children (10.1%) were found positive on at least one occasion when a paediatric cut-off was applied. Five children (3.0%) reached levels considered positive in adults. The seroprevalence at 4 y of age was 4.0%, at 8 y 2.5%, at 12 y 4.9%, at 16 y 5.3%, and at 18 y 6.3%. The difference in serological titres between the age groups was not significant. A change from negative to positive after the age of 4 took place in 5 of the cases. Spontaneous seroreversion appeared in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed no significant differences among the various age groups. Seventeen of the 168 children (10.1%) had been infected at some time, the prevalence ranging from 2.5% to 6.3%. Seroconversion and seroreversion occurred infrequently between the ages of 4 and 18 y.
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| 14. |
- Svahn, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Different quantities and quality of fat in milk products given to young children: effects on long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids in plasma.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - 1651-2227. ; 91:1, s. 20-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we compared plasma contents of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and trans fatty acids in triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and cholesterolesters (CE) in young children fed milk diets containing different amounts of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Because the diets differed in vitamin A and E content, plasma concentrations of vitamin A and E were also studied. Thirty-seven 1-y-old children were randomly assigned to one of four feeding groups: (1) low-fat milk (LF) (1.0 g cow's milk fat/dL); (2) standard-fat milk (SF) (3.5 g cow's milk fat/dL); (3) partially vegetable fat milk (PVF) (3.5 g fat/dL; 50% vegetable fat from rapeseed oil, 50% milk fat); and (4) full vegetable fat milk (FVF) (3.5 g fat/dL; 100% vegetable fat from palm-, coconut- and soybean oil). We found higher amounts of plasma LA in the FVF group than in the LF and SF groups (p < 0.001) and higher amounts of ALA in the PVF group than in the SF (p < 0.001 in TGs, p < 0.05 in CEs) and LF (p < 0.01 in PLs and CEs, p < 0.05 in TGs) groups. However, amounts of plasma arachidonic acid (AA) were similar between groups as well as the amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in CEs and PLs. Total trans FAs were lower in CEs in the PVF and FVF groups than in the SF group (p < 0.05 SF vs PVF; p < 0.01 SF vs FVF). Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol were higher in the FVF group than in the other groups (p < 0.05 FVF vs SF, p < 0.01 FVF vs SF and PVF). Conclusion: Children consuming milk diets containing high amounts of vegetable fat present with higher plasma LA and ALA without any effects on amounts of plasma LC-PUFA. The plasma LC-PUFA status is not adversely affected by a low-fat milk diet. AHA and DHA in plasma are not affected by the diets studied, presumably because 15-mo-old children may be able to compensate for dietary influences through endogenous LC-PUFA metabolism.
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| 15. |
- Vigård, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Low glycaemic index (GI) foods improve glucose control in children with type I diabetes.
- 2003
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Ingår i: ESPGHAN (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) 36th annual meeting, Prag 4-7 June 2003, Abstract: Journal of Pediatric, Gastroenterology and Nutriton 36,4. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 36:4, s. 576-576
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Does metabolic control improve in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), when modifying the quality of carbohydrates by introducing low glycaemic index (GI) foods? Methods: The inclusion criteria for the study was children with diabetes mellitus type 1, age from 7 to 11 years old, they should have a moderate glucose control with HbA1c between 7,5 to 8,5 and no allergy to cereals nor coeliac disease. Seventeen children were enrolled in the study. The design of the study was a blind cross-over study, each study period was 6 weeks with a wash-out period forthree weeks in between. One study period they got regular diabetic foods, during the other period they got foods with a lower glycaemic index (GI). A diet record was done prior to the start of the study, and one diet record in each period to see that the macro nutrient composition was the same. HbA1c, total cholesterol and triglyceridewere checked at the beginning and at the end of each period. Results: For each study person we calculated a delta value for HbA1c by subtracting the HbA1c at the start of the period from the HbA1c at the end of the same period. During the period with regular diabetic foods, the change of HbA1c was (mean±SD) −0,06±0,4, while the change of HbA1c was (mean±SD) -0,34±0,4 during the low GI period. By using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test we found out that there was a significant improvement, ie lowering of HbA1c during the period with low GI foods (p0,039). Regarding serum lipids, there were no significant changes. Conclusion: The concept of low GI foods is relevant for children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, it may be one way of optimizing the glucose control for those who have a slightly elevated HbA1c.
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