| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with anti-factor VIIa in acute pancreatitis in rats: Blocking both coagulation and inflammation?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 42:6, s. 765-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Acute pancreatitis starts as an autodigestive process restricted to the pancreas and progresses to a systemic inflammation via cytokine release into the blood stream. Several inhibitors of the coagulation cascade, including active- siteinactivated factor VIIa, have shown anti- inflammatory properties in other inflammatory models than acute pancreatitis. Free radical scavengers have proven useful in reducing the oxidative damage during hyperinflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment with FVIIai would have any effect on the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS) in severe acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. Experimental acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of taurodeoxycholate in the pancreatic duct. The animals were pretreated with N- acetyl- cysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa. Neutrophil infiltration in the lungs, ileum and colon was quantified by myeloperoxidase activity. Inflammatory markers, IL- 6 and MIP- 2, were measured using ELISA. Results. Tissue infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs, ileum and colon significantly increased during acute pancreatitis as compared to sham operation. These levels were reduced by pretreatment with N- acetylcysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa. Levels of interleukin- 6 and macrophage inflammatory protein- 2 increased significantly during acute pancreatitis. Pretreatment with NAC and FVIIai reduced these levels. Conclusions. Both N- acetylcysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa showed powerful antiinflammatory properties in experimental acute pancreatitis. As they exert their effects through different physiological mechanisms, they represent potential candidates for future multimodal treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Acute pancreatitis - from cellular signalling to complicated clinical course.
- 2007
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Ingår i: HPB. - : Elsevier BV. - 1477-2574 .- 1365-182X. ; 9:6, s. 414-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease that has a mild to moderate course in most cases. During the last decade, a change in diagnostic facilities as well as improved intensive care have influenced both morbidity and mortality in AP. Still, however, a number of controversies and unresolved questions remain regarding AP. These include prognostic factors and how these may be used to improve outcome, diagnostic possibilities, their indications and optimal timing, and the systemic inflammatory reaction (systemic inflammatory response syndrome - SIRS) and its effect on the concomitant course of the disease and potential development of organ failure. The role of the gut has been suggested to be important in severe AP, but has recently been somewhat questioned. Despite extensive research, pharmacological and medical intervention of proven clinical value is scarce. Various aspects on surgical interventions, including endoscopic sphincterotomy, cholecystectomy and necrosectomy, as regards indications and timing, will be reviewed. Last, but not least, are the management of late complications and long-term outcome for patients with especially severe AP.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Gut barrier failure in critical illness: lessons learned from acute pancreatitis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 2:2, s. 93-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut barrier function is essential in critical illness and contributes to the systemic inflammatory response. Failure of the gut barrier includes both changes in microbial ecology, permeability and potential translocation, as well as local gut inflammatory response. The present review summarizes experiences made from acute pancreatitis, including pathophysiological mechanisms and ways of intervention.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Applying Design for Six Sigma to the Concept Development of an Automotive HMI
- 2008
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Ingår i: SAE World Congress, paper No. 2008-01-0353, Detroit, Michigan. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six Sigma is a development methodology whichemphasizes objective evaluations based on facts andmeasurements. However, for some problems theinformation is inherently subjective, with large individualvariations. Also, in the early development phases, it maybe difficult to define measurable metrics that correctlycapture the important qualities. The vehicle HMI is agood example of such an application. In this paper, wepresent experiences of applying Design for Six Sigmamethods to the early development phases of anautomotive HMI. The focus of the paper is on how tohandle uncertainties and vague subjective information.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
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Initiation of acute pancreatitis by heparan sulphate in the rat.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 43:4, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The initiating events in the onset of pancreatitis are poorly understood. Possible candidates may be endogenous ligands, acting on receptors within ductal, acinar or stellate cells, which have previously been shown to cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute pancreatitis could be induced by heparan sulphate (HS)infused into the pancreatic ducts in the rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrograde biliary-pancreatic infusion of heparan sulphate of different structures, taurodeoxycholate (TDC) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was performed. Local pancreatic inflammation was evaluated after 6 h by means of morphological evaluation, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and levels of plasma amylase. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measuring plasma IL-6, MCP-1 and CINC-1 concentrations. RESULTS: Heparan sulphate induced a local inflammatory response visualized as a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the pancreas. Heparan sulphate induced inflammation and oedema without causing damage to acinar cells, as measured by morphological changes and plasma amylase concentrations. Furthermore, an increase in serum concentrations of CINC-1 and IL-6 was seen. The positive control (TDC) had increased levels of all variables analysed and the negative control (heparan sulphate administered intraperitoneally) was without effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a receptor-mediated innate immune response of the pancreatic cells induced by heparan sulphate. This finding may be helpful in elucidating some of the mechanisms involved during the initiation of pancreatitis, as well as in the search for a potential future therapeutic application.
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| 8. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B
(författare)
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INITIATION OF EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND MODULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heparan sulfate (HS), a substance common in the extracellular matrix on epithelial cells is present in the pancreas, lining the duct lumen. During pathological conditions, we propose that it can be shed from the ECM and bind to receptors on the cell surface, thus triggering an inflammatory response, which if excessive can cause acute pancreatitis (AP). Infusion of HS in the pancreatic duct in rats results in an inflammatory response without cellular damage, in similarity with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. The response differs though between the HS- and LPS-infusion both in regards to expressed chemokines and infiltrating cell types. HS-infusion predominantly causes early expression of CCL2 [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] and subsequent early influx of monocytes. Increased expression of CXCL [cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1)] was not seen and neutrophils were shown to appear in the tissue later during the process. LPS, on the other hand, caused a rapid increase of CXCL (CINC-1) and also in early influx of neutrophils, in addition to similar patterns as HS-infusion of CCL2 (MCP-1) and monocytes. Taken together, the results indicate a receptor mediated innate immune response. Both HS and LPS has been shown to signal via the same receptor. We therefore suggest a difference in signaling pathways induced by the two ligands. Furthermore, the AP-induced systemic inflammation was studied. The anti-coagulant active site-inhibited factor VII (fVIIai) was shown to drastically decrease the inflammatory response. The effects in reducing neutrophil infiltration differed substantially between different organs. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation was also shown to be affected by fVIIai. Pronounced differences between treatment effects was noted both depending on the studied organ and time point chosen. In conclusion a novel concept of the initiation of pancreatitis has been studied. The ducal epithelial cells are capable of signaling as a response to HS and LPS and to recruit inflammatory cells. This shows the importance of ductal cells and as a basis of new future pancreatitis specific interventions.
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal bacteria and permeability during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Gastroenterology. - 1108-7471. ; 19:3, s. 276-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An increase in intestinal permeability and subsequent bacterial translocation has been demonstrated in critical illness. Cellulose derivatives have in the past been shown to reduce gut leakage following liver resection. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in microbial counts in experimental acute pancreatitis and the effect of pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives and N-acetyl cysteine. Subjects: 92 male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal taurodeoxycholic acid infusion. Animals received oral pretreatment and were randomized to either sham operation or the pancreatitis groups, with or without pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives, the antioxidant or their combinations. Intestinal bacterial populations and permeability were evaluated using bacterial counts and Ussing chamber, respectively. Results: The number of E. coli increased in the luminal content and ileal and colonic mucosa, but levels were restored to almost those seen in controls in all pre-treatment groups except for N-acetyl cysteine. When intestinal permeability was measured, none of the treatment groups showed significant differences compared to challenge, except for Nacetyl cysteine, which significantly increased permeability. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives was more efficient against disturbances in intestinal permeability and microbial populations than the antioxidant Nacetyl cysteine.
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| 10. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Cost Models with Explicit Uncertainties for Electronic Architecture Trade-off and Risk Analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: 16th Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering, INCOSE 2006. - 9781622769292 ; , s. 1700-1741
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses how the early phases of developing embedded electronic systems can be improved by enhanced modelling of cost and performance that includes explicithandling of uncertainties. The approach is to add cost information to existing UML models,capture uncertainties using probability distributions, and use Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the risk of not reaching the cost targets. It is demonstrated how the information obtained can be used when evaluating different architecture alternatives, while including both development and product cost as well as risk in the trade-off
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| 11. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Evolutionary Architecting of Embedded Automotive Product Lines: An Industrial Case Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) & European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA). - Cambridge, UK. - 9781424449842 ; , s. 101-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the automotive industry, embedded systems and software play an increasingly important role in defining the characteristics of the vehicles. Both the vehicles and the embedded systems are designed as product lines, and two distinct rchitecture processes can be identified. The revolutionary process develops the architecture of a new product line, and focuses on abstract quality attributes and flexibility. The evolutionary process continuously modifies the architecture due to changes, such as additions of new functionality. In this paper, the evolutionary process is investigated through a case study. The study reviews a number of changes to an existing architecture, observing the cause of the change, what quality attributes were considered, and what technical aspects were included. It is also analyzed how the interplay between the two processes can be improved through systematic feedback about what evolution actually takes place.
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| 12. |
- Axén, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of peak-broadening effects arising when combining CE with MS.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 28:18, s. 3207-3213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, peak-broadening effects caused by nebulizing gas flow and lack of temperature control have been investigated for separation capillaries with three different inner diameters. The study was performed with serial UV/ESI-MS detection in an effort to distinguish between peak broadening arising in the separation and peak broadening arising in the ion source. The nebulizing gas was found to significantly affect both migration time and separation efficiency when using capillaries with 50 and 75 µm id. If the nebulizing gas is on during injection, the injection volume increases to such an extent that significant peak broadening is induced. Reducing the id to 25 µm minimizes the parabolic flow induced by the nebulizing gas. Results indicate that the nebulizing gas pressure can be optimized to minimize peak broadening in the ion source. A decrease in detection sensitivity, possibly related to the orthogonal design of the interface, was observed when the nebulizing gas pressure was increased. A tapered capillary tip was found to provide superior separation efficiency as well as sensitivity.
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| 13. |
- Broström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived styling and usability in integrated centre panel layouts as a function of interaction style and age
- 2007
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Ingår i: Human Factors Issues in Complex System Performance. - Maastricht : Shaker Verlag. - 9789042303256 ; , s. 193-204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past ten years information and entertainment functionality has become an increasingly important part of the car interior. Infotainment functions have been growing in number and diversity, concurrently with a trend towards utilization of fewer controls and graphical displays in integrated centre panel layouts. This evolution has solved many functional and styling issues. However, as a consequence, several usability and safety concerns have been raised. A number of these concerns are related to age, a factor that is especially important in the premium car segment where a majority of drivers are older than 50 years. This study investigated perceived styling and usability of premium car centre panel layouts among different age groups. The investigation was based on APEAL customer survey data from the North American market, associated with the sound system. Questions on the appearance (styling), understanding (usability) and ease of use while driving (usability/safety) of the stereo faceplate and controls were analysed. The results showed that all age groups perceived the appearance of integrated centre panel layouts similarly. However, with rising age, there is a decrease in perceived understanding and ease of use while driving in the case of a number of premium car models.
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| 14. |
- Eckerwall, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Early nasogastric feeding in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a clinical, randomized study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1528-1140 .- 0003-4932. ; 244:6, s. 959-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of early, nasogastric enteral nutrition (EN) with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Summary Background Data: In SAP, the magnitude of the inflammatory response as well as increased intestinal permeability correlates with outcome. Enteral feeding has been suggested superior to parenteral feeding due to a proposed beneficial effect on the gut barrier. Methods: Fifty patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to TPN or EN groups. The nutritional regimen was started within 24 hours from admission and EN was provided through a nasogastric tube. The observation period was 10 days. Intestinal permeability was measured by excretion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and concentrations of antiendotoxin core antibodies (Endocab). Interieukins (IL)-6 IL-8, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as markers of the systemic inflammatory response. Morbidity and feasibility of the nutritional route were evaluated by the frequency of complications, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abdominal pain. Results: PEG, Endocab, CRP, IL-6, APACHE II score, severity according to the Atlanta classification (22 patients), and gastrointestinal symptoms or abdominal pain did not significantly differ between the groups. The incidence of hyperglycemia was significantly higher in TPN patients (21 of 26 vs. 7 of 23; P < 0.001). Total complications (25 vs. 52; P = 0.04) and pulmonary complications (10 vs. 21; P = 0.04) were significantly more frequent in EN patients, although complications were diagnosed dominantly within the first 3 days. Conclusion: In predicted SAP, nasogastric early EN was feasible and resulted in better control of blood glucose levels, although the overall early complication rate was higher in the EN group. No beneficial effects on intestinal permeability or the inflammatory response were seen by EN treatment.
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| 15. |
- Eklund, Ulrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Experience of introducing reference architectures in the development of automotive electronic systems
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Software Engineering: Proceedings of the second international workshop on Software engineering for automotive systems. - 1595931287
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements on increasing functionality, quality, and, customisation, while reducing cost has lead to the introduction of an architecture centred development process for electronic systems at Volvo Cars. This process enables better control of system integration and achieving non-functional requirements, such as reusability, understandability, etc. The result of the process is a reference architecture that includes strategies for implementing the balanced requirements, architectural views that provide means for reasoning about all the concerns of all stakeholders, and a top-level design of the architecturally significant parts. The reference architecture guides the design of several projects, and thus, cost is optimised accordingly. The main contribution of this paper is that we present experiences from introducing the architecture centred process. The main conclusions are that disseminating and maintaining the reference architecture actually require more resources than developing it. Furthermore, experience shows it is difficult to create an architecture that enables a lot of different variants that is also strategically useable in the long term.
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| 16. |
- Fröberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Quality Assessment in Integration of Automotive Software and Electronics: An ATAM approach
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Software Engineering and Practice in Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we perform a pilot study of evaluation of integration strategies in an automotive electronics system context. We describe the problem of choosing integration strategy and we outline the use of the Architecture Tradeoff and Analysis Method, ATAM, for evaluating integration strategies.We exemplify the use of the ATAM by evaluating the integration decisions concerning the physical connection of a theoretic example system; a computer controlled automatic gearbox. A utility tree describing the most important qualities of the product is elicited by interviews with system architects and product specialists at Volvo Construction Equipment. We show how an evaluation score card can be used to aid in integration decisions.Also, perform preliminary analysis and provide some discussion points from the result. This early analysis shows that ATAM has weaknesses in that it is sensitive to errors in the elicitation process and that the weighting of the resulting scenarios can be coarse grained. One strength of the ATAM is that design decisions and quality goals become visible to many stakeholders. Our proposed use of ATAM does not include any cost or effort estimates, but only relative quality estimates.In our pilot study example we find that the integration of a software component as opposed to integration of a whole ECU, ranks higher with respect to the desired qualities.
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| 17. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with Variability in Automotive Product line Architectures Using Real Options
- 2007
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive customers demand new functionality with every new product release and the time-to-market isconstantly shortened. The automotive embedded systems are characterized by being mechatronic system which addscomplexity. The systems are often resource constrained and trade-offs between the system behavior and the resources required is of great importance. The decisions are usually based on many factors that pull in different directions such as maintenance, portability, usability etc. The complex system and the many uncertain factors create a need for support in the design process. In this paper the use of Real Options is evaluated on a hypothetic but realistic case taken from the automotive industry. The case show how real option valuation provides additional guidance when making system design decisions. Real Options provide the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for future growth of an platform, based on the estimated value of the future functionality. The value of a flexible design can thereby be quantified making the trade-off between short and long term solution more accurate.
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| 18. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, 1977-
(författare)
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ECONOMICAL VALUATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DECISIONS WITHIN AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today most innovations made within the automotive domain are driven by electronics. The automotive customers demand new functionality with every new product release and the time-to-market is constantly shortened. Automotive embedded systems are often resource constrained and trade-offs between the system behavior and the resources required is of great importance. The cost sensitive automotive industry has to optimize the use of the system's limited resources, but in the meantime also be flexible. The system needs to support a large number of vehicle configurations over many years of production. The design decisions are usually based on many factors that pull in different directions such as maintenance, portability, usability etc. The growing complexity of the product and the many uncertain factors create a need for support in the design process. To better understand this problem decision methods used within an R&D department of an international vehicle manufacturer has been investigated through interviews and surveys. The survey reveals that a majority of the respondents use unstructured methods for resolving decision issues. When respondents were asked about their preferences there was an expressed need for more structured methods. In this research several existing methods have been surveyed and the methods most relevant to this issue are further described in this thesis. The main contribution of this thesis is an evaluation method using Real Options. The method provides the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for flexibility to cope with a future growth of the product, based on the estimated value of the future functionality. To improve the usability an evaluation process is defined to aid engineers. This process provides a way of valuing system designs and enables the engineer to think about the future in a systematic manor. To analyze the resource usage within an embedded system a method is proposed on how to evaluate the resource efficiency of functions implemented within an automotive embedded system. The challenge of this work has been to develop methods that are found helpful to the industry and are easy enough to use so that designers are willing to try them again
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| 19. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Flexibility in Embedded Automotive Product Lines Using Real Options
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 12th International Software Product Line Conference, SPLC 2008. - 9780769533032 ; , s. 235-242
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded automotive architectures and software need to support a large number of vehicle product lines over many years of production. This leads to a complexity and many uncertain factors when developing such systems and a need for support in the design process. An evaluation method using Real Options provides the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for flexibility to cope with a future growth of a product line, based on the estimated value of the future functionality. In this paper Real Options is applied on a case within the automotive industry. To improve the usability an evaluation process is defined to aid engineers. This process provides a way of valuing system designs and enables the engineer to think about the future in a systematic manor. The value of a flexible design can thereby be quantified and the proposed process shows how it can be accepted by practitioners.
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| 20. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of design options in embedded automotive product lines
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Software Product Line Engineering. - : CRC Press. - 9781420068429 - 9781420068412 ; , s. 477-496
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many industries, complex embedded product lines are designed. In theory, this follows a structured and well-organized process, where a set of given requirements is transformed step by step into an optimal product. However, in reality the complexity of the products and markets often lead to much less stringent ways of working. Let us consider a fictional, but not atypical, scenario.
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| 21. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Real Options In Embedded Automotive System Design
- 2008
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive customers demand new functionality with every new product release and the time-to-market is constantly shortened. The automotive embedded systems are characterized by being mechatronic systems which adds complexity. The systems are often resource constrained and trade-offs between the system behaviour and the resources required is of great importance. The system complexity and the many uncertain factors create a need for support in the design process. Many design features such as memory and processor capacity can be seen as options, i.e. giving you the right but not the obligation to use them in the future. The valuation method using Real Options provides the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for future growth of a platform, based on the estimated value of the future functionality.In this paper the use of Real Options is applied on a real case within the automotive industry. The studied company develops commercial vehicles for a broad range of applications. In this case study a valuation is performed on two different design alternatives of function allocation. The design alternatives vary in hardware, software, cabling etc. The case study has been per-formed together with the developing organization and it has therefore been possible to observe the acceptance of the method. The study shows how Real Option valuation provides valuable guidance when making system design decisions and more importantly also show how it can be used and accepted by system engineers. The method does not only provide a way of valuing sys-tem designs, but it also forces the system engineer to think about the future in a systematic manor. The value of a flexible design can thereby be quantified making the trade-off between short and long term solutions more accurate.
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| 22. |
- Lukkerz, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Pekskärmen - några erfarenheter kring pekskärmen som metod i offentlig miljö
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektets syfte har varit att prova ut pekskärm som datainsamlingsmetod på arenor där människor träffas och initierar möten för sex, kärlek och relation. Exempel på arenor har varit offentliga miljöer som exempelvis nattklubbar. Målsättningen har varit att närma sig det sexuella mötet både i tid och rum och på så sätt inhämta kunskaper som kan vara värdefulla i utformandet av förebyggande och hälsofrämjande arbete. Projektet har varit ett samverkansprojekt mellan Malmö Högskola och Region Skåne.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Nehéz, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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Differently charged polypeptides in the prevention of post-surgical peritoneal adhesions.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 42:4, s. 519-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Peritoneal adhesions develop after almost all surgical interventions in the abdomen. We have developed an efficient treatment against post-surgical adhesions consisting of a combination of positively charged poly-L-lysine and negatively charged poly-L-glutamate. The aim of the present study was to further develop the concept of applying oppositely charged polypeptides in the prevention of adhesion formation, by evaluating different doses of the peptides, alterations in the way of administration, and also testing alternative components. Material and methods. Eighty-five NMRI mice were divided into six groups. A standardized peritoneal injury model was used. The groups received physiologic sodium chlorine, poly-L-lysine + poly-L-glutamate, low molecular weight poly-L-lysine + poly-L-glutamate, locally administered poly-L-lysine + poly-L-glutamate, in vitro mixed poly-L-lysine + poly-L-glutamate and poly-L-arginine + poly-L-glutamate, respectively. After 7 days, the extent of adhesion formation was determined during relaparotomy and was expressed as the mean percentage of the total wound length. Results. A significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the peritoneal adhesion rate was detected in all groups, with the exception of the group administered poly-L-arginine. Among those animals that received poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate, the low dose of poly-L-lysine administration resulted in the most pronounced anti-adhesive effect. Conclusions. The most effective polypeptide combination was poly-L-lysine and poly-L-glutamate, also showing effectiveness when used at low doses and by local application. The differences in adhesion prevention and the possible underlying mechanisms are discussed and the key role of poly-L-lysine is elucidated.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Nehéz, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions: Effects of lysozyme, polylysine and polyglutamate versus hyaluronic acid
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 40:9, s. 1118-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Intraperitoneal adhesions are an important cause of postoperative intestinal obstruction, abdominal discomfort and infertility. In the present study we hypothesized that a combination of polypeptides with different surface properties, resulting in fine disperse low-soluble complexes, could be of benefit in the prevention of abdominal adhesions. Material and methods. Various polypeptides including lysozyme, polyglutamate, polylysine and combinations of all three were evaluated as compared to hyaluronic acid. A standard wound on the parietal peritoneum in mice was used and the evaluated agents were administered immediately postoperatively. The extent of peritoneal adhesions to the injured area was measured and expressed as a percentage of the wound length as evaluated after 7 days. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the effect on peritoneal macrophage survival and phagocytic function and the Pick test was used to determine peroxide production in order to estimate toxicity and potential impairment of macrophage function caused by the chemicals. Results. Significant differences were seen among the treatment groups (p< 0.001). Both polyglutamate and lysozyme, and polyglutamate together with polylysine significantly decreased adhesion formation as compared to hyaluronic acid. The polylysine - polyglutamate combination was still visible macroscopically on the peritoneal surface after 1 week, though not after 1 month. The polyglutamate - lysozyme mixture was less effective than these individual components alone. The chemicals did not show any toxic effects or altered function in macrophage cell culture. Conclusions. Lysozyme, polyglutamate and, most effectively, a polyglutamate - polylysine combination significantly decreased experimental abdominal adhesion formation. A strong mechanical connection to the wound and prolonged attendance in the surface were noted. Peritoneal phagocyte function did not seem to be influenced by the chemicals.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Wallin, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Case Study of Issues Related to Automotive E/E System Architecture Development
- 2008
-
Ingår i: FIFTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS. - 9780769531410 ; , s. 87-95
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of electronics in vehicles is increasing quickly and the systems are becoming increasingly complex. This makes the engineering of these advanced computer-based systems more and more difficult. In particular finding a good architecture is a prerequisite for successful design. In this study we investigate key issues related to real-world decisions regarding a car's electrical and electronic system architecture. To extract the key issues an exploratory case study was performed at a car manufacturer We used semiformal interviews complemented with a survey to validate the results. The contribution of this paper is twelve issues that reflect the situation at a car manufacturer Also, possible actions to deal with theseissues are provided.
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| 30. |
- Wallin, Peter, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Issues Related to Development of E/E Product Line Architectures in Heavy Vehicles
- 2009
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Ingår i: 42nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE Computer Society, Hawaii, USA. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9780769534503 ; , s. Article number: 4755804-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of electronics in vehicles is growing quickly, thus systems are becoming increasingly complex which makes the engineering of these software intensive systems more and more difficult. In the automotive industry the use of product line architectures enables a set of vehicles to share architecture to decrease cost and increase quality. In this study we investigate key issues related to real-world decisions regarding electrical and electronic product line architecture for heavy vehicles. To extract key issues a multiple exploratory case study at two heavy vehicle manufacturers was performed. We used semi-formal interviews complemented with a survey to validate the results. The contribution of this study is 14 issues that reflect the situation at the two companies. Many of the identified issues relate to non technical areas such as organization, process, methods and tools, and management. Moreover, possible actions to deal with these issues are discussed.
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| 31. |
- Wallin, Peter, 1979-
(författare)
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Key Challenges in Decision Making for Automotive E/E Architectures
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The amount of electronics in vehicles is growing quickly, thus systems are becoming increasingly complex making the engineering of these software intensive systems more and more difficult. In particular, an architecture supporting the business goals is a prerequisite for successful design.In this thesis two case studies have been made including three automotive companies with purpose to investigate the key issues related to real-world decisions when developing Electrical and Electronic (E/E) system architectures in the automotive industry.The results show that many of the identified issues relate to non technical areas such as organization, process, methods and tools, and management. Examples of identified issues are the deficient understanding of the electrical system and software at management level, and the lack of a specific process for architecture development. To cope with these issues we suggest the following actions: Educate management, increase the use of structured decision making, improve the architecture development process, clarify responsibilities in the organization and clarify development strategies.As a possible solution to one of the suggested actions we have developed a method to evaluate how new functionality is successfully integrated into an existing architecture. Themethod is a combination of the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method, ATAM, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP. The method firstly supports a structured way of listing system goals, and secondly, it also supports the making of design decisions.
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| 32. |
- Wallin, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Making Decisions in Integration of Automotive Software and Electronics : A Method Based on ATAM and AHP
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings - ICSE 2007 Workshops: Fourth International Workshop on Software Engineering for Automotive Systems, SEAS'07. - 9780769529684 ; , s. Article number 4228592--
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we present a new method for makingdecisions on integration strategy for in-vehicle automotive systems.We describe the problem of choosing integration strategy and wedescribe the method, which is a combination of the ArchitectureTradeoff Analysis Method, ATAM, and the Analytical HierarchyProcess, AHP. We exemplify the use of the proposed method byevaluating the integration decisions concerning the physicalconnection of a realistic example system; a computer controlledautomatic gearbox. We present analysis on the use of the method andconclude that the method has several benefits compared to ATAM orAHP used individually. The method firstly supports a structured wayof listing system goals, and secondly, it also supports the makingof design decisions.
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| 33. |
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