| 1. |
- Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin, Dr, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Dilemmas in designing e-learning experiences for professionals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the European Conference on e-Learning, ECEL. ; , s. 10-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this research are to enhance industry-university collaboration and to design learning experiences connecting the research front to practitioners. We present an empirical study with a qualitative approach involving teachers who gathered data from newly developed advanced level courses in artificial intelligence, energy, environmental, and systems engineering. The study is part of FutureE, an academic development project over 3 years involving 12 courses. The project, as well as this study, is part of a cross-disciplinary collaboration effort. Empirical data comes from course evaluations, course analysis, teacher workshops, and semi-structured interviews with selected students, who are also professionals. This paper will discuss course design and course implementation by presenting dilemmas and paradoxes. Flexibility is key for the completion of studies while working. Academia needs to develop new ways to offer flexible education for students from a professional context, but still fulfil high quality standards and regulations as an academic institution. Student-to-student interactions are often suggested as necessary for qualified learning, and students support this idea but will often not commit to it during courses. Other dilemmas are micro-sized learning versus vast knowledge, flexibility versus deadlines as motivating factors, and feedback hunger versus hesitation to share work. Furthermore, we present the challenges of providing equivalent online experience to practical in-person labs. On a structural level, dilemmas appear in the communication between university management and teachers. These dilemmas are often the result of a culture designed for traditional campus education. We suggest a user-oriented approach to solve these dilemmas, which involves changes in teacher roles, culture, and processes. The findings will be relevant for teachers designing and running courses aiming to attract professionals. They will also be relevant for university management, building a strategy for lifelong e-learning based on co-creation with industry.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Higher-Level Capabilities of System-of-Systems Constituents : A Case of Industrial Ecosystems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSe 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350327236
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a system-of-systems, independent constituent systems collaborate to achieve broader capabilities they cannot provide on their own. This paper investigates the nature of the constituent system capabilities beyond basic operational actions, to achieve a deeper understanding of what is required to participate in a system-of-systems. Through a case study of industrial ecosystems, the need is shown for planning how to use basic operational capabilities, for dynamic capabilities to achieve long-term evolution, and for resilience capabilities to deal with perturbations. This also affects the governance of the system. The findings are used to extend an existing conceptual model of constituent systems and to characterize collaboration in a system-of-systems that implements a value network.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Needs and Architectural Strategies Related to Geospatial Information in Systems-of-Systems
- 2020
-
Ingår i: SOSE 2020 - IEEE 15th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering, Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728180502 ; , s. 111-116
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper puts forward the hypothesis that all systems-of-systems (SoS) need to deal with geospatial information. It discusses some fundamental aspects of such geodata, including entities, coordinate systems, features, and representation. It then presents how geodata can be used for various purposes in SoS and suggests architectural strategies for handling geodata in this context, including the use of linked data to represent both geodata and other information; triple stores for databases; and cloud servers for executing geodata related constituent system functionality.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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On the Concepts of Capability and Constituent System Independence in Systems-of-Systems
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 247-252
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems-of-systems are designed to provide a capability that their constituent systems cannot achieve individually. A key property is that the constituent systems have some degree of operational and managerial independence. The concepts of capability and independence are thus central to the field of systems-of-systems. Yet the contemporary literature and standards only give vague definitions of these terms. This vagueness is a barrier to progress in the field, and this paper aims at contributing with a more detailed conceptualization. It describes a system capability as a state-transforming process that uses certain resources. Independence means that the system has a choice about when and how its capabilities should be activated. This requires that the system is an intelligent agent with a notion of utility, a perception of the world around it, and a decision-making capability. When given a mission, the system can complete that mission by activating appropriate combinations of capabilities. A system-of-systems can decompose its mission into parts that correspond to the capabilities of various constituent systems.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Systems-of-Systems Design Patterns : A Systematic Literature Review and Synthesis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 171-176
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design patterns are an established approach for reusing knowledge about good solutions to recurring problems. Patterns can be seen as a way of describing the best practices, and have been used in many different fields, ranging from building architecture and city planning to software development. There are also scattered results relating to patterns for systems-of-systems. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and review the literature on patterns for systems-of-systems and make a synthesis of a recommended approach for the field. Specifically, the novel contributions of the paper are to propose a consolidated structure for describing individual patterns and suggest the dimensions along which a pattern catalog can be organized. The paper also summarizes the concrete patterns suggested in the existing literature and classifies them according to the recommended structure.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Systems-of-Systems Engineering Online Education : An Experience Report
- 2020
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Ingår i: SOSE 2020 - IEEE 15th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering, Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728180502 ; , s. 87-92
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Online education is changing how teaching is done at universities and provides new opportunities to reach out to practitioners. In this paper, the development of an online course in systems-of-systems engineering is presented, as well as results from the first instance of the course. The paper describes how the course was designed; how it was produced; and experiences from giving it. Challenges with online education in the systems engineering subjects are also highlighted.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Truck Platooning Business Case Analysis
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report we describe results from the work on business case analysis of the Sweden for Platooning (S4P) project. Platooning has the potential to contribute to the on-going transformation of the transport sector by reducing environmental impact, saving fuel, as well as (to a lesser extent) by improving traffic flow and safety and in the long run reducing driver hours. In order to fulfil these promises, it must be shown that there are viable business cases for all involved actors. This report describes the analysis of truck platooning business cases performed in the S4P project.Some of the main findings are that there is a significant potential for reducing fuel consumption and hence CO2 exhaust through platooning; that waiting on the order of minutes for a platooning opportunity is reasonable but that taking another route is probably not; that it is necessary to have mediating services that help platoons to form and share the costs and benefits associated with platooning; and that there are different possible ways of implementing a system for sharing the benefits.
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| 8. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Turning the Tide in Investment Treaty Arbitration: A Critical Analysis of the Concern with the Right to Water
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Trade Law and Regulation. - 1357-3136 .- 2754-2009. ; 27:3, s. 187-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of a current and emerging water crisis, this article identifies a lack of consideration for the human right to water in water-related investor-state disputes. Hence, it suggestively explores three methods on how to strengthen the human right to water in investment disputes and investment law discourse in general
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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What Systems Engineers Should Know About Emergence
- 2022
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Ingår i: INCOSE International Symposium. ; , s. 1070-1084, s. 1070-1084
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of emergence refers to phenomena that occur on a system level without being present at the level of elements in the system. Since a system is created to achieve certain emergent system-level behavior, while avoiding other emergent properties, a deeper understanding of emergence is crucial to further the field of systems engineering. It has also been identified as one of the key aspects of systems-of-systems. However, the concept has been the topic of much debate in philosophy, systems science, and complexity science for a long time, and there is yet no precise characterization on which there is general agreement. In this paper, a selection of the literature on emergence is reviewed to identify some key characteristics and disputes. The various philosophical points of view are analyzed from the perspective of systems engineering, to sort out what characteristics have practical implications, and which philosophical quiddities are merely of theoretical interest. The paper also relates emergence to systems engineering practices and suggests some tactics for dealing with emergence. Key results are that the inclusion of an explicit observer is essential for understanding and handling emergence, and that emergence is closely related to the amount of information required to describe the system which is also a defining characteristic of complexity.
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| 10. |
- Besker, Terese, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating the Cyber-Security Risks and Economics of System-of-Systems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSe 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350327236
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cybersecurity is an important concern in systems-of-systems (SoS), where the effects of cyber incidents, whether deliberate attacks or unintentional mistakes, can propagate from an individual constituent system (CS) throughout the entire SoS. Unfortunately, the security of an SoS cannot be guaranteed by separately addressing the security of each CS. Security must also be addressed at the SoS level. This paper reviews some of the most prominent cybersecurity risks within the SoS research field and combines this with the cyber and information security economics perspective. This sets the scene for a structured assessment of how various cyber risks can be addressed in different SoS architectures. More precisely, the paper discusses the effectiveness and appropriateness of five cybersecurity policy options in each of the four assessed SoS archetypes and concludes that cybersecurity risks should be addressed using both traditional design-focused and more novel policy-oriented tools.
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| 11. |
- Butler, Eile, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a Novel Topical Cosmetic Ingredient : A Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin where sufferers can frequently be subject to infections. Probiotics are known to be potent immune-modulators, and liveLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 has shown to be anti-inflammatory but also to possess antimicrobial and barrier function properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare two investigational ointment products (topical probiotic and control) for cutaneous acceptability, safety, and efficacy under normal conditions of use, in adult subjects with atopic dermatitis. The products were applied twice daily for 8 weeks, and cutaneous acceptability, SCORAD index, local SCORAD, and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of the observations, it was demonstrated that both the probiotic-containing and probiotic-free ointments were both cutaneously acceptable and safe. It importantly showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of the SCORAD index and local SCORAD in adult subjects with AD after 4 and 8 weeks of continuous use. In conclusion, we show evidence that the probiotic product, containing liveL. reuteriDSM 17938 as an extra ingredient, is safe and promising as a novel topical cosmetic ointment and with further testing could be a standard topical product for the management of atopic dermatitis or other disorders associated with the skin.
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| 12. |
- Forsgård, Richard A., 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response in healthy adults : a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Gut microbes. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1949-0976 .- 1949-0984. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that probiotics can decrease the symptoms of respiratory tract infections as well as increase antibody responses following certain vaccinations. We examined the effect of probiotic supplementation on anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as after COVID-19 vaccination. In this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention study with a parallel design, 159 healthy adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination and any known risk factors for severe COVID-19 were randomly allocated into two study arms. The active treatment arm consumed a probiotic product containing a minimum of 1 × 108 colony-forming units of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 + 10 μg vitamin D3 twice daily for 6 months. The placebo arm consumed identical tablets containing only 10 μg vitamin D3. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and virus neutralizing antibody titers were analyzed from blood samples collected at baseline, after 3 months, and after 6 months. Differences in serum antibody titers between the two study arms were tested with independent t-test using log-transformed values. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals in the active treatment arm (n = 6) tended to have higher serum anti-spike IgG (609 [168-1480] BAU/ml vs 111 [36.1-1210] BAU/ml, p = 0.080) and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG (928 [212-3449] BAU/ml vs (83.7 [22.8-2094] BAU/ml, p = 0.066) levels than individuals in the placebo arm (n = 6). Considering individuals who were fully vaccinated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, the active treatment arm (n = 10) exhibited significantly higher serum levels of anti-RBD IgA (135 [32.9-976] BAU/ml vs 61.3 [26.7-97.1] BAU/ml, p = 0.036) than the placebo arm (n = 7) >28 days postvaccination. Supplementation with specific probiotics might improve the long-term efficacy of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines via enhanced IgA response.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Martin, Joyce, et al.
(författare)
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The Capability Concept in the Context of Systems of Systems : A Systematic Literature Review
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ISSE 2022 - 2022 8th IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering, Conference Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665481823
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems of systems (SoS) leverage dynamic configuration of independent systems to achieve a capability neither of the independent constituent systems can achieve on their own. Therefore, SoS engineering goes beyond addressing requirements to addressing capabilities. Due to the independence of the constituent systems, capability is formed by complex interdependence of legacy systems. It is also subject to uncertainty of the evolutionary development of the SoS, making it important to not only see the bigger picture but to plan for the changing capability patterns in the life of an SoS. This study looks at the body of knowledge surrounding definitions, support systems and practices around the concept of capability in the context of SoS. The results show; context dependent nature of the definition of capability, country-specific support systems, ongoing efforts to form more robust frameworks and dominant establishment of this theme in the defense sector.
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| 15. |
- Martin, Joyce, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a Core Ontology for Missions and Capabilities in Systems of Systems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSe 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350327236
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a core ontology for missions and capabilities in systems of systems. The aim of the study is to create artifacts that facilitate precise understanding of fundamental concepts of SoS. An ontological approach proposes and develops taxonomic homogeneity and structural knowledge of SoS. The ontology development process involved workshop sessions with industry experts and meta modelling of the different concepts and their relationships. The ontology includes thirteen concepts of types physical things, people, information and mixed. These concepts are defined and their relations are briefly described. The developed ontology is further illustrated using a wildfire scenario case study.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Matthiessen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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”Minska skillnaderna i hur titthålskirurgi används”
- 2024
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - 1104-7488.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Trots att titthålsteknik rekommenderas i det nationella vårdprogrammet för tarmcancer ses betydande skillnader mellan enskilda sjukhus, skriver kirurgen Peter Matthiessen.
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| 18. |
- Olsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Systems-of-Systems and Digital Twins : A Survey and Analysis of the Current Knowledge
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSe 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350327236
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the needs and constraints of systems in general and a system-of-systems in particular can be challenging, yet crucial. Relying only on upfront activities will not be sufficient. Important information can be gathered around the performance and behavior of the system as well as stakeholder needs in operation. A digital twin is a way to model and understand the operation of a system. To understand the challenges and enablers related to digital twins in a system-of-systems context, we performed a literature study. In total, only 10 papers were identified that explicitly address this topic, all from the last five years, indicating that this is an active field of research. The papers revealed that definitions and terminology are unclear and that similar challenges as for systems-of-systems also exist for systems-of-digital twins. The complexity and dynamic nature of systems-of-systems motivate further study of digital twins to understand needs and constraints. However, key challenges such as concepts and principles of digital twins for systems-of-systems, cost and benefits, and evolution needs to be better understood.
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| 19. |
- Pettersson, Marjorie, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Risk Analysis Method for Systems of Systems : A Case Study on Wildfire Rescue Operations
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proc. Int. ISCRAM Conf.. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 530-545, s. 530-545
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crisis management (CM) is facing new challenges due to the increasing complexity of contemporary society. To mitigate a crisis, it is often necessary for a collection of independent systems, people, and organizations to cooperate. These collaborating entities constitute an interconnected socio-technical system of systems (SoS). An important question is how a CM SoS should be constructed to minimize the risk of failure and accurately handle a crisis. SoS pose new challenges in analysing risk during interactions. This paper investigates whether the risk analysis method STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes) is suitable for SoS, using a forest fire rescue operation case study. Results show characteristics of various risk sources and identify some SoS characteristics, such as dynamic structure and latent risks, that are not sufficiently handled in STAMP. The study further contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting potential directions for research on SoS risk assessment methods.
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| 20. |
- Rylander, David, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Evaluation of a System of Systems Architecture for the Optimization of a Cyclic Transport Operation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 16th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). ; , s. 114-119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclic transport missions involving fleets of vehicles are common in quarry and mining operations and have shown to have a significant potential for energy optimization. Vehicles such as articulated haulers and dump trucks utilized in transport missions can be of different brand, type and have different performance characteristics such as engine power, traction and load. Vehicles may also be operated and owned by different organizations as they can be subcontracted to an operation. The transport operation characteristics include stochastic behaviors and activity times that fluctuate over time, and hence real-time control is required for efficient optimization. As the vehicles are mobile, wireless communication also needs to be available. As the constituent systems (vehicles) have managerial and operational independence, a system of systems approach is applicable. This paper provides an overview of the key characteristics and requirements for such a system and discusses the pros and cons of acknowledged and directed system architectures. Further, a case study is presented where an acknowledged system of systems is implemented in a real world mine and evaluated through a qualitative assessment of an operator assistive optimization system. Key findings include the drawbacks and characteristics of the architecture approaches. Further challenges and potential for automation and production control of a larger process system are described.
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| 21. |
- Rylander, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Design and Evaluation of a System of Systems Architecture for the Optimization of a Cyclic Transport Operation
- 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclic transport missions involving fleets of vehicles are common in quarry and mining operations and have shown to have a significant potential for energy optimization. Vehicles such as articulated haulers and dump trucks utilized in transport missions can be of different brand, type and have different performance characteristics such as engine power, traction and load. Vehicles may also be operated and owned by different organizations as they can be subcontracted to an operation. The transport operation characteristics include stochastic behaviors and activity times that fluctuate over time, and hence real-time control is required for efficient optimization. As the vehicles are mobile, wireless communication also needs to be available. As the constituent systems (vehicles) have managerial and operational independence, a system of systems approach is applicable. This paper provides an overview of the key characteristics and requirements for such a system and discusses the pros and cons of acknowledged and directed system architectures. Further, a case study is presented where an acknowledged system of systems is implemented in a real world mine and evaluated through a qualitative assessment of an operator assistive optimization system. Key findings include the drawbacks and characteristics of the architecture approaches. Further challenges and potential for automation and production control of a larger process system are described.
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| 22. |
- Rylander, David, 1981-
(författare)
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Productivity Improvements in Construction Transport Operation through Lean Thinking and Systems of Systems
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of a quarry is to extract rock material to deliver gravel and raw material to its customers. The products can be further processed to e.g., extract minerals such as iron or to produce cement and asphalt. These products are an important input to the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure, buildings, and more. The operation of quarry and road work sites is similar to the manufacturing industry since it contains sequential processes to produce the output product. Within the operation, there are cyclic transport activities that in general are not synchronized and controlled in real-time towards the overall throughput. This fact indicates a potential to increase productivity but also points at unsolved challenges.This thesis investigates how Lean and systems thinking combined with real-time control and optimization technologies can be used to improve productivity and safety in the transport operation within quarry and road construction. The main contributions are the identified operational improvements, its use cases, the system design constraints, operational characteristics, and models as well as assessed impact in productivity, energy efficiency, and safety.The results include the development and demonstration of a method based on Lean value stream mapping, for identifying wastes in sequential processes and activities including mobile earthmoving machines. Operational wastes of 33% are presented from real world operations. Related fuel savings of 42% are measured in controlled environments. Further, the thesis presents and assesses a system design for transport optimization purpose. A study of how wireless communication and vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) can be utilized and its performance within the quarry and road construction operation is presented. The main system requirements and constraints are identified, and the trade-offs are discussed in terms of system design with a system of systems perspective. Energy consumption models are developed for optimization purposes and the key characteristics of real world operation is identified. Finally, a prototype system has been developed and tested in controlled and operative environments. In controlled trials, a fuel reduction of 20% for individual machines was obtained using the suggested optimization technique.
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| 23. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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A design method for collaborative systems of systems applied to Metropolitan Multi-Mode Transport System
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 16th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). - 9781665444545 ; , s. 13-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems of systems arise when independently owned, operated and developed systems can achieve mutual benefits by working together. In collaborative systems of systems, there is no directing entity that instructs others how and when to collaborate. Instead, the collaboration relies on independent decisions by the constituent systems to form collaborating constellations, and the benefits are emergent properties of this. In this paper, we describe a design method for engineering collaborative systems of systems. We apply the method to the design of a collaborative system of systems for mobility in a rural setting close to an urban area and to truck platooning.
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| 24. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Constituent Systems Quality Requirements Engineering in Co-opetitive Systems of Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 347-352
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems of systems consist of independently owned, operated, and developed constituent systems that work together for mutual benefit. Co-opetitive systems of systems consist of constituent systems that in addition also compete. In this paper, we focus on quality requirement engineering for a constituent systems developer in such SoS. We discuss the needs and requirements of a structured quality requirements engineering process, with examples taken from the transportation domain, and find that there is a need for mediators and agreements between constituent systems developers to enable quality data exchange.
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| 25. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Initiation and Formation of Constellations in Systems of Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 340-345
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems of systems engineering is aimed at developing solutions that provide the capability to fulfil a need that cannot be met by an integrated system. In many SoS, there is a need to solve several tasks at the same time. Each set of constituent systems that collaborate to solve such a task is a constellation. In this paper, we discuss the process of forming such constellations. We focus on collaborative systems of systems and describe conceptual models for the formation of constellations.
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| 26. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Should I Stay or Should I Go? : How Constituent Systems Decide to Join or Leave Constellations in Collaborative SoS
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 16th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). - 9781665444545 ; , s. 179-184
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A collaborative system of systems (SoS) is formed when independent organizations decide to cooperate to achieve mutual benefits, while retaining independence of their respective systems. Each constituent system (CS) of the SoS has a set of capabilities, some of which they agree to potentially use in active collaboration with others. Such an active collaboration is called a constellation and can be seen as an instantiation of the SoS which is created to provide a joint capability. Constellations are thus the working-horses of the SoS, but due to the operational independence of the CS, they have a choice whether to join a certain constellation or not. This paper discusses the reasoning and world model that is necessary for a CS to make well-informed decisions to join and leave constellations. We argue that it is necessary for the CS to understand not only the surrounding environment, but also to have models of other CS’ world models as well as of their probable future actions. It must be possible to predict whether other participants will uphold their parts of the collaboration or may defect from it to join another more rewarding constellation despite the agreements made when joining the SoS. The reasoning in the paper is illustrated using examples from two different collaborative SoS in the transportation domain.
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| 27. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Situation Awareness and Decision Making for Constituent Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 15th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). - 9781728180502 ; , s. 361-366
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The constituent systems (CS) that together form a system of systems (SoS) have a continuous need to assess situations and make decisions. In addition to operating in the environment, they also need to decide upon their status in the system of systems and be aware of their relations to constellations in the system of systems. To be able to make the best possible decisions, the constituent systems need to have an accurate situation awareness, i. e., an understanding of the environment they are in, what other elements are present therein and how this will develop in the future. In this paper we present an analysis of the situation awareness needs of a constituent system in different stages of its life-cycle: ignorant of the SoS; prepared forjoining the SoS; a passive CS; an active CS. A conclusion is that CS need to have world models that include information about other objects. Examples from the truck platooning application are given.
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| 28. |
- Svensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Valorising agricultural residues into pellets in a sustainable circular bioeconomy : A brief, structured review of selected journal publications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Problemy Ekorozwoju. - Lublin, Poland. - 1895-6912 .- 2080-1971. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a truism by now that the combustion of fossil fuels has execaerbated climate change, and its repercussions. Biomass in pelletised form, will emerge as substitutes, in the circular bioeconomies of the future. This brief review focuses on the utilisation of agricultural residues as raw materials for pellets, and explores the aspects of sustainability – socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and techno-functional – in the 20-plus peer-reviewed articles selected for that purpose using Scopus with a set of search-phrases. The articles are case studies dated between 2012 to 2023, tracing their provenance to different countries in the world – Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, India, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Thailand, Türkiye , Zambia, etc. Among the many gleanings which are reported in this review, some deserve mention here in the abstract. The social aspect of sustainability has not been studied as much as the economic and environmental. The case studies emphasize the importance of adapting the pelleting process to the properties of the agricultural/horticultural residues and the prevalent local conditions. It is encouraging to note that there is a surfeit of agricultural residues (corn, coffee, quinoa, beans, oats, wheat, olives, tomatoes, pomegranates, grapes, etc. in the articles reviewed) which can be valorised to pellets, also in combination with the in-vogue forestry wastes. This is all the more advisable if the status quo is open burning of such residues in the fields. The journey towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs) will be aided by investments in such biorefinery-projects, SDG 17 is extremely vital for their success – collaboration and cooperation among several stakeholders around the world. This review, though based on only 20-plus articles from around the world, is an indepth analysis which promises to be of interest to decision-makers and sustainability-specialists keen on contributing to the transition to a circular bioeconomy.
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| 29. |
- Wohlin, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Towards evidence-based decision-making for identification and usage of assets in composite software : A research roadmap
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Software. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 2047-7473 .- 2047-7481. ; 33:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software engineering is decision intensive. Evidence-based software engineering is suggested for decision-making concerning the use of methods and technologies when developing software. Software development often includes the reuse of software assets, for example, open-source components. Which components to use have implications on the quality of the software (e.g., maintainability). Thus, research is needed to support decision-making for composite software. This paper presents a roadmap for research required to support evidence-based decision-making for choosing and integrating assets in composite software systems. The roadmap is developed as an output from a 5-year project in the area, including researchers from three different organizations. The roadmap is developed in an iterative process and is based on (1) systematic literature reviews of the area; (2) investigations of the state of practice, including a case survey and a survey; and (3) development and evaluation of solutions for asset identification and selection. The research activities resulted in identifying 11 areas in need of research. The areas are grouped into two categories: areas enabling evidence-based decision-making and those related to supporting the decision-making. The roadmap outlines research needs in these 11 areas. The research challenges and research directions presented in this roadmap are key areas for further research to support evidence-based decision-making for composite software. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 30. |
- Åkerud, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Heparin fragments induce cervical inflammation by recruiting immune cells through Toll-like receptor 4 in nonpregnant mice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2407 .- 1360-9947. ; 27:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation is a hallmark in the human cervix remodelling. A possible candidate inducing the inflammatory driven ripening of the cervix is the matrix component heparan sulphate, which has been shown to be elevated in late pregnancy in the cervix and uterus. Heparin and a glycol-split low molecular weight heparin (gsHep) with low anticoagulant potency has been shown to enhance myometrial contraction and interleukin (IL)-8 production by cervical fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which heparin promotes cervical inflammation. Wild-type, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-deficient mice were treated by deposition of gsHep into the vaginas of nonpregnant mice. To identify which cells that responded to the heparin fragments, a rhodamine fluorescent construct of gsHep was used, which initially did bind to the epithelial cells and were at later time points located in the sub-mucosa. The heparin fragments induced a strong local inflammatory response in wild-type mice shown by a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and to a lesser extent macrophages into the epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix of the cervix. Further, a marked migration into the cervical and vaginal lumen was seen by both neutrophils and macrophages. The induced mucosal inflammation was strongly reduced in TLR4- and IRF3-deficient mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a TLR4/IRF3-mediated innate immune response in the cervical mucosa is induced by gsHep. This low anticoagulant heparin version, a novel TLR4 agonist, could contribute to human cervical ripening during the initiation of labour.
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