| 1. |
- Axelsson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Strukturerad miljödatahantering inom järn- och stålindustri. Etapp 2; Miljöinformationssystem
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det analysarbete som gjorts har i denna etapp har genomförts i samarbete med samma tre typföretag - Höganäs AB, Sandvik Materials Technology samt Ovako Steel AB - som i etapp 1. De tre företagen hanterar vardera en avsevärda mängd miljödata som idag finns utspridd inom organisationerna och lagras i olika system varför sammanställningar försvåras. Det betyder att den miljödata som mäts och beräknas lagras på ett sätt som innebär en irrationell hantering av den samlade miljöinformationen. Den analys som visar att det inom järn- och stålbranschen går att beskriva verksamhetsprocesser på ett enhetligt sätt och att miljödatan som företagen mäter, beräknar och lagrar överensstämmer i mycket stor grad. Baserat på detta har en branschgemensam miljödatastruktur varit möjlig att ta fram. Denna struktur är framtagen för att kunna lagra miljödata för utsläpp till luft, utsläpp till vatten, energianvändning och avfall. Utifrån den miljödatastruktur som arbetats fram och genom diskussioner med representanter för typföretagen i projektet har en översiktlig systemskiss för ett miljöinformationssystem inom järn- och stålindustrin tagits fram. Detta miljöinformationssystem kan vara generellt inom branschen och svara upp mot gemensamma krav på hantering av miljödata.
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| 2. |
- Sund-Levander, Märtha, 1954-
(författare)
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Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : Implications for clinical practice
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim was to explore factors influencing the normal variation and measurement of body temperature. Additional aims were to study morbidity, mortality and the clinical presentation of pneumonia and predictors for survival in elderly nursing-home residents. Two hundred and thirty seven non-febrile nursing home residents (aged 66-99 years) and 87 healthy adults (aged 19-59 years) were included. In elderly individuals, the morning ear and rectal body temperature was measured at baseline and pneumonia and survival was observed at one- two and three-year. In healthy adults the rectal, ear, oral and axillary temperature were measured simultaneously on one morning and repeated measurements were performed in three subjects.Overall, the range of normal body temperature was wider then traditionally stated. In elderly nursinghome residents, functional and cognitive impairment and BMI < 20 were related to a lower body temperature and medication with analgesics to a higher. Compared to adults < 60 years elderly persons had a higher average ear and a lower rectal temperature. Men and postmenopausal women < 60 years had lower body temperature than premenopausal women. The repeated measurements showed a wide individual variability irrespective of the site of measurement, and that replicated measurements do not improve accuracy. When comparing the rectal temperature with oral, ear and axillary readings the average difference was > 0.5°C with a wide individual variation.The yearly incidence of nursing-home acquired pneumonia varied between 6.9% and 13.7%. Functional impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and male sex were related to a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia and presenting non-specific symptoms were common. Age and functional impairment predicted mortality, irrespective of gender, while cerebral vascular insult, a lower body mass index and malnutrition in women and heart disease, COPD, medication with sedatives and mortality rate index in men were gender specific predictors. Surviving women had a higher baseline body temperature than non-surviving, while no such difference was found in men.When assessing body temperature, it is important to consider the site of measurement, technical design, operator technique, age and gender and, in elderly nursing-home residents, physical and cognitive impairment, body constitution and medication with analgesics. The best approach is to use an unadjusted mode, without adjusting to another site. To prevent a delayed diagnosis of pneumonia, one should be aware of a low baseline body temperature and lack of specific clinical symptoms in elderly nursing-home residents. Preserving and/or improving functional, cognitive, nutritional status and preventing agitation and confusion would improve survival in nursing-home residents.
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| 3. |
- Sundin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Suffering from care as expressed in the narratives of former patients in somatic wards
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 14:1, s. 16-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To illuminate patients' experiences of suffering from care, ten former patients in somatic wards narrated a desirable care episode (n = 39) and an undesirable care episode (n = 51). The interviews were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy. Four themes were found: having a good rest, suffering through, searching for autonomy and being cared for by attentive and committed staff. The findings were interpreted in light of Eriksson's description of suffering, which describes three kinds of suffering: 'suffering of life', 'suffering of illness' and 'suffering of caring'. Although not mentioned explicitly, it was evident that cases of suffering from care were indicated in the patients' narratives. The themes were related to the patients' states of health, their experience of the care situation and their descriptions of themselves, and could be understood as related to the acts of the 'drama of suffering' described by Eriksson. The study highlights the need for the patient to find a co-actor in the drama of suffering in order to prevent suffering from care, i.e. prevent hindrance to the patient in her/his struggle against the 'suffering of illness' and the 'suffering of life'. The patients must be seen as the directors of their own dramas of suffering.
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| 4. |
- Aleksandrov, D., et al.
(författare)
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Halo excitations in fragmentation of He-6 at 240 MeV/u on carbon and lead targets
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 669:1-2, s. 51-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissociation of a 240 MeV/u beam of He-6, incident on carbon and lead targets, has been studied in kinematically complete experiments to investigate low-lying excitation modes in the halo nucleus He-6. It is shown that alignment effects characterize the inelastic scattering and allow an unambiguous assignment of the spin of a narrow resonance observed in the excitation energy spectrum. The differential cross sections for the He-6 inelastic scattering on carbon and lead targets were deduced from the measured moments of the two neutrons and the a-particle. An analysis of these distributions shows that quadrupole and, possibly, monopole excitations characterize the hadronic interaction, while the dipole mode is dominating in Coulomb dissociation. Neither theoretically predicted new resonance states in He-6 nor nuclear excitation of a dipole mode were found. Direct evidence has been obtained for strong suppression of Coulornb post-acceleration in direct Coulomb breakup in a lead target.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Karin, 1968-
(författare)
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Business interactions in a virtual organisation : Visualising inter-organisational systems complexity
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Social and Cognitive Impacts of e-Commerce on Modern Organizations. - Hershey : Idea Group Publishing. - 1591402743 - 9781591402497 ; , s. 136-164
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Social and Cognitive Impacts of E-Commerce on Modern Organizations includes articles addressing the social, cultural, organizational, and cognitive impacts of e-commerce technologies and advances on organizations around the world. Looking specifically at the impacts of electronic commerce on consumer behavior, as well as the impact of e-commerce on organizational behavior, development, and management in organizations. This important new book aims to expand the overall body of knowledge regarding the human aspects of electronic commerce technologies and utilization in modern organizations and to assist researchers and practitioners to devise more effective systems for managing the human side of e-commerce.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Pain among persons living at a nursing home
- 2000
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - : SAGE Publications. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 20:2, s. 20-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pain is common among elderly. Very sick elderly persons living in nursing homes often have communication problems because of dementia or stroke, which causes problem to judge pain and evaluate effects of pain treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, localisation and expressions of pain and to evaluate the usefulness of some pain assessment methods for nursing home residents. The study included 66 elderly living in a nursing home of which 49% had dementia as main medical diagnosis. A specially trained registered nurse (RN) performed pain assessment by * presenting a set of pain assessment tools * interpreting the nursing home residents' reactions during activity and * interviewing the resident about perceived pain. Two physiotherapists (PTs) performed physical examination including assessment of joint motion and palpation of joints and muscles. Contractures and ambulating status were noted. Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) assessed cognitive capacity. When assisted by the RN 61% of the residents used independent or by assistance a verbal rating scale. The RN made an estimation of pain in all the nursing home residents and the PTs examined 92% of the residents. Pain was identified in 88% of the residents, 42% of the residents were treated with analgesics and pain it-as documented in the nurses' daily notes in 27% of the patient records. All residents with contractures had pain in the engaged joint. This study indicates that it is possible to assess pain by combining interview and interpretation of the residents' reactions during activity. Detection of pain by physical examination is a valuable complement especially for persons with decreased ability to communicate.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Axelsson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of combined caries-preventive methods: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 163-9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of combined caries-preventive methods, defined as two or more different interventions in combination, each expected to prevent dental caries. The Medline database was searched for articles published in the period January 1966 to June 2003. Twenty-four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria, and their value as evidence was assessed according to predetermined criteria. The level of evidence for the overall conclusion regarding each method was graded according to the protocol of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The scientific evidence for the combination of treatments involving fluoride that had a preventive effect on caries in children and adolescents was graded as moderate. However, for elderly patients the scientific evidence for the caries-preventive effect of different combinations of treatments was found to be incomplete. No conclusion could be drawn regarding the evidence for combinations of treatments being effective for groups at high caries risk, as the results from the identified clinical studies were conflicting.
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| 15. |
- Axelsson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Strukturerad miljödatahantering inom järn- och stålindustri
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efterfrågan på miljöinformation i olika former förväntas öka under de kommande åren. Det gäller såväl internt inom företaget som externt till kunder, ägare, övriga finansiärer, myndigheter m.fl. För att kunna möta de förväntade kraven har företagen inom järn- och stålindustrin identifierat ett behov av att åstadkomma en strukturerad miljödatahantering (lagring, bearbetning och dokumentation), som möjliggör att ett och samma dataunderlag så långt som möjligt kan utnyttjas och relativt enkelt omformas till olika former av kommunikationsprodukter. Projektets mål är därför att ta fram en branschgemensam struktur för miljödatahantering inom järn- och stålindustrin
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| 16. |
- Backlund, Per
(författare)
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Development Process Knowledge Transfer through Method Adaptation, Implementation, and Use
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information Systems Engineering (ISE) is an interdisciplinary approach to enable the realisation of successful information systems in a broad sense. ISE comprises a number of areas of expertise that must be integrated and managed in order to build information systems. Since ISE is becoming progressively more complex there is an increasing need to codify and manage knowledge within and about the ISE process. From a knowledge perspective the different model types created in an ISE project are examples of codified knowledge about the future system. The descriptions of how work should proceed are examples of codified knowledge of the process of creating the system. In summary, one of the main concerns in the ISE process is to manage the substantial amount of knowledge associated with the process as such as well as with the target domain of the actual development project and the developed software. In the thesis I recognise three areas of knowledge in ISE: development process knowledge, target domain knowledge, and software knowledge. Furthermore, I use a set of knowledge perspectives in order to describe and analyse ISE from a knowledge perspective. Finally, I introduce three aspects: organisation, artefact, and individual in order to be able to discuss and analyse how methods are actually used in organisations and how they affect the work situation. The results are presented in the form of a framework for knowledge transfer in ISE that comprises the knowledge perspective, the knowledge area, and the aspect of knowledge transfer. The framework is thus used to analyse the results from the six papers enclosed in the thesis. The results also comprise an empirical characterisation of a method in use which is based on data collected during an ethnographical study. Finally the results are made concrete in the form of a pattern collection for method introduction and method use.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Proton dripline studies at ISOLDE: Ar-31 and C-9
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 701, s. 373C-377C
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this contribution examples of the application of new technologies to disentangle the mechanism of beta-delayed multiparticle emission are given. In particular the mechanism of beta-delayed two-proton emission from Ar-31 has been resolved and proved to be sequential, a preview of C-9-decay data is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Europe, Eeva, et al.
(författare)
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Om upplevelse av sjukdom och livssituation hos kvinnor med kronisk hjärtsvikt
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nordisk fysioterapi. - 1402-3024. ; 5:2, s. 50-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe how women with chronic heart failure (CHF) experience becoming ill, being ill and how they adjust to their new life situation. Qualitative interviews were carried out with 16 women with CHF (aged 4172 years). Interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis as a method. The content was sorted in three categories: To become ill, To be ill and To be a carrier of a chronic heart disease. To become ill was described by bodily discomfort, emotional experiences and contact with health care. To be ill was described through having troubles, to be in need of help and support, adaptation to the illness and to be scared. To be a carrier of a chronic heart disease was described by attitudes towards physical activity, attitudes towards cigarette smoking and a lifelong medication. These women describe their illness experience in various ways. Their descriptions confirm the earlier knowledge of consequences of CHF and also reveal new knowledge. This may increase our understanding of how it is to live with a chronic heart failure and this understanding can be used in planning the rehabilitation
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hertzberg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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"Relatives are a Resource, but..." : Registered Nurses' Views and Experiences of Relatives of Residents in Nursing Homes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 12:3, s. 431-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Registered Nurses (RNs) working in nursing homes in Sweden have obligations towards the residents' relatives, besides the care of residents. Relatives' involvement and satisfaction with the care partly depend on their contacts and communication with the staff. • This study aimed to explore and describe RNs' views and experiences of relatives of residents who live in nursing homes. • Open interviews were conducted with 19 RNs at three nursing homes. The verbatim-transcribed interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis. • Relatives were seen as a resource (with some restrictions) and nice, although demanding. The RNs saw relatives as part of their work - a part that could be time-consuming and had low priority. • Interviewees noticed a difference between young and old relatives, and between female and male relatives. • A large proportion of accounts could be related to issues about communication and interpersonal relationships with relatives. • Building a trusting relationship with relatives may result in them being involved in residents' care and thus giving the nurses time rather than consuming time.
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| 25. |
- Hertzberg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Staff activities and behaviour are the source of many feelings : relatives' interactions and relationships with staff in nursing homes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Blackwell Science. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 10:3, s. 380-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family members do not give up their involvement in the life of their older relatives when they move to an institution. Relatives feel that it is they who take the initiative to establish a working relationship with the staff at the nursing home. Relatives want more spontaneous information from staff, particularly about residents' dairy fives, and there is a need for relatives to have opportunities to talk with staff under relaxed conditions. Staff behaviour and activities towards residents and relatives are a source of many feelings for relatives. Relatives' understandings of the challenges faced by staff are not communicated to staff, nor are positive or negative experiences explicitly passed on to staff.
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| 26. |
- Hultgren, Göran, 1960-
(författare)
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Nätverksinriktad Förändringsanalys : perspektiv och metoder som stöd för förståelse och utveckling av affärsrelationer och informationssystem
- 2000
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att förstå och att utveckla affärsverksamheter som bedrivs i samverkan mellan ett flertal företag inbegriper problemställningar som inte är lika aktuella vid analyser inom en organisation. Vid inter-organisatorisk verksamhetsutveckling, t.ex. vid utveckling av inter-organisatoriska informationssystem, är de förväntade effekterna inte lika möjliga att förutse som i samband med intern verksamhetsutveckling.Vid analys av samverkande affärsverksamheter, såsom vid all analys, styrs utredaren av både perspektiv och de metoder som används. Med denna utgångspunkt fokuserar avhandlingen på hur perspektiv- och metoddriven analys kan utföras inom samverkande affärsverksamheter för att styra utredarens uppmärksamhet också till relationer och nätverksdynamiska aspekter.Den teoretiska grunden utgörs av ett handlings- och affärsaktsperspektiv med utgångspunkt från Förändringsanalys enligt SIMMetoden, samt ett nätverksperspektiv med utgångspunkt från den så kallade Uppsalaskolan. Genom denna deduktiva ansats och med empiriskt stöd från två genomförda studier inom turismnäringen, har metodvarianten Nätverksinriktad Förändringsanalys enligt SIMMetoden utvecklats, vilken baserar sig på en perspektivväxlande strategi. De empiriska studierna bidrar dessutom till ökad förståelse för kommunikation och utveckling inom samverkande affärsverksamheter.
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| 27. |
- Jacobsson, Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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How people with stroke and healthy older people experience the eating process
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 9:2, s. 255-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the process of eating, experiences of eating and oral functions. Participants consisted of 30 people with first stroke and localization of the damage verified by computer topography (CT), and 15 healthy older people. All were observed during test-meals, interviewed about eating, and oral functions were tested. The results demonstrated that most (21) people with stroke had some difficulties in eating and expressed feelings of fear and shame about eating and changed physical and social appearance, mainly related to difficulties in preparing and transporting food to the mouth as well as swallowing deficits.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Kumlien, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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Stroke patients in nursing homes : eating, feeding, nutrition and related care
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 11:4, s. 498-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore eating, feeding and nutrition among stroke patients in nursing homes as described by their nurses and by assessments. Registered Nurses were interviewed about an individual stroke patient's state of health, care needs and nursing care received and nursing records were reviewed. Information on eating, feeding and nutrition was extracted from the interviews and nursing records. A comprehensive instrument, the Resident Assessment Instrument, was also used to assess these patients' state of health. The domains of eating, feeding and nutrition were focused on in this study. Manifest content analysis was used. The results showed that more than 80% of the stroke patients in nursing homes were assessed as having some sort of dependence in eating. According to the Registered Nurses, 22 out of 40 patients demonstrated different eating disabilities. The number of eating disabilities in individual patients ranged from 1 to 7, which emphasized the complexity of eating disabilities in stroke patients. Dysphagia was reported in almost one-fourth of the patients and 30% were described and/or assessed as having a poor food intake or poor appetite. The Registered Nurses' descriptions of the eating disabilities, nutritional problems and their care were often vague and unspecific. Only six weights were documented in the nursing records and there were no nutritional records. The findings highlight the importance of making careful observations and assessments, and of maintaining documentation about eating and nutrition early after a patient's arrival in the nursing home to enable appropriate care and promotion of health.
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| 30. |
- Kumlien, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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The nursing care of stroke patients in nursing homes : Nurses' descriptions and experiences relating to cognition and mood
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 9:4, s. 489-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Registered nurses working in nursing homes often care for stroke patients with impaired cognition and mood disorders. Understanding the behaviour of these patients often puts great demands on nurses. This study illuminates registered nurses' descriptions and experiences of stroke patients and the nursing care given in nursing homes, with a focus on cognition and mood. Registered nurses responsible for the care of stroke patients in nursing homes were asked to describe the individual patient's state of health and the nursing care given. Patients' cognition and mood have been selected for this article. A qualitative content analysis was used to group the text into categories. Registered nurses' descriptions showed great complexity and variation in patients' disabilities, as well as uncertainty about understanding these patients and the appropriate nursing care. Registered nurses described the need for further education in stroke care, and adequate resources for patient activity training, as well as meeting patients' psychosocial and communicative needs.
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| 31. |
- Källestål, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Economic evaluation of dental caries prevention : a systematic review
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 61:6, s. 341-346
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of economic evaluations of caries prevention. A search in Medline from 1966 until May 2003 and a manual search in a number of journals identified 154 references, 74 of which were included. There were 17 original studies including an economic evaluation, and these form the basis of the present article. The rest were reviews, model studies and reports concerning economic practice in dentistry. The results show that the reviewed original studies on economic evaluation of caries prevention do not provide support for the economic value of caries prevention. The scarcity of well-conducted studies, as well as contra-dictory evidence in the reviewed articles, makes it difficult to judge the health-economic effect of the studied caries-prevention methods.
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| 32. |
- Lindberg, Henrik
(författare)
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Webbaserade affärsprocesser : möjligheter och begränsningar
- 2000
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dagens litteratur kring området webbaserade affärsprocesser är ofta möjlighetsinriktad och framtidsorienterad. Det finns således en risk för att litteraturen ger en alltför ensidig bild av forskningsområdet. För att söka erhålla en mer nyanserad bild av området ställer jag mig den övergripande forskningsfrågan: Vilka möjligheter och begränsningar medför webbaserade affärsprocesser?För att besvara denna fråga används en triangulerande ansats och förutsättningslösa empiriska studier, för att undvika blockerande förförståelse. Jag genomför två fallstudier på företag vilka båda bedriver handel mot konsumentledet uteslutande via Internet. Fallstudieföretagen är NetShop och BuyOnet, där NetShop är anonymiserad. Dessa fallstudieföretag har valts så att de skiljer sig på ett flertal punkter för att erhålla ett komparativt analysmaterial. Den kanske främsta skillnaden är att NetShop säljer en fysisk produkt och BuyOnet en digital produkt. Metodologisk inspirationskälla är grounded theory, men datainsamling och dataanalys utförs med stöd av generiska teorier. Som stöd för dataanalysen har jag även utvecklat ett informationssystem. Inledningsvis analyseras producenten med avseende på dess förutsättningar och hur den webbaserade affärsprocessen genomförs. Därefter kartläggs det webbaserade affärsgörandets effekter genom att kunders förfrågningar och producentens svar analyseras. För respektive fallstudie analyseras också vilka möjligheter och begränsningar som det webbaserade affärsgörandet medför. Resultaten från fallstudierna jämförs därefter med avseende på framkomna aspekter. För att söka erhålla ett mer generellt resultat med avseende på webbaserade affärsprocessers möjligheter och begränsningar förs avslutningsvis en resultatdiskussion med utgångspunkt tagen i teori.Resultatet karakteriseras som empiri- och teorigrundade tendenser. Bland resultaten utmärker sig den webbaserade affärsmodellen, verksamhetskarakteriserande kategorier och olika webbaserade aspekters möjliggörande och begränsande relationer till varandra.
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| 33. |
- Lingström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary factors in the prevention of dental caries : a systematic review
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 61:6, s. 331-340
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was, systematically, to evaluate the effect of die-tary changes in the prevention of dental caries. A search and analysis strategy was followed, as suggested by the Swedish Council on Tech-nology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). The search strategy for arti-cles published in 1966-2003 was performed using electronic databases and reference lists of articles and selected textbooks. Out of 714 arti-cles originally identified, 18 met the inclusion criteria for a random-ized or controlled clinical trial--at least 2 years’ follow-up and caries increment as a primary endpoint. This included the total or partial substitution of sucrose with sugar substitutes or the addition of pro-tective foods to chewing gum. No study was found evaluating the ef-fect of information designed to reduce sugar intake/frequency as a sin-gle preventive measure. It is suggested that the evidence for the use of sorbitol or xylitol in chewing gum, or for the use of invert sugar, is in-conclusive. No caries-preventive effect was found from adding calcium phosphate or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate to chewing gums. The review clearly demonstrates the need for well-designed randomized clinical studies with adequate control groups and high compliance.
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| 34. |
- Markenroth, Karin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Crossing the dripline to N-11 using elastic resonance scattering
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 6203:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The level structure of the unbound nucleus N-11 has been studied by C-10+p elastic resonance scattering in inverse geometry with the LISE3 spectrometer at GANIL, using a C-10 beam with an energy of 9.0 MeV/ nucleon. An additional measurement was done at the A1200 spectrometer at MSU. The excitation function above the C-10+p threshold has been determined up to 5 MeV. A potential-model analysis revealed three resonance states at energies 1.27(-0.05)(+0.18) MeV (Gamma = 1.44 +/- 0.2 MeV), 2.01(-0.05)(+0.15) MeV (Gamma = 0.84 +/- 0.2 MeV), and 3.75 +/- 0.05 MeV (Gamma = 0.60 +/- 0.05 MeV) with the spin-parity assignments I-pi=1/2+,1/2,-,5/2+, respectively. Hence, N-11 is shown to have a ground state parity inversion completely analogous to its mirror partner Be-11. A narrow resonance in the excitation function at 4.33 +/- 0.05 MeV was also observed and assigned spin parity 3/2-.
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| 35. |
- Markenroth, Karin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
He-8-He-6: a comparative study of nuclear fragmentation reactions
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 679:3-4, s. 462-480
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissociation of 227 MeV/u He-8 in a carbon target has been studied in kinematically complete experiments. The data include the relative energy spectrum, angular distributions in the neutron knock-out channel (He-6 + n) as well as diffractive dissociation and inelastic scattering into the (He-6 + 2n) channel. The data are compared with corresponding results from the well-known halo nucleus He-6. In both cases it is found that neutron knock-out is the: dominating reaction channel. The relative energy spectrum (He-6 + n) shows a structure, which is interpreted as being due to the I-pi = 3/2(-) resonance in the He-7 ground state with about equal contribution from its I-pi = 1/2(-) spin-orbit partner. The He-7 resonance shows a spin alignment similar to that observed in He-5, but with a smaller anisotropy indicating that the structure of the He-8 ground state is more complicated than that of He-6. The data in the (He-6 + 2n) channel were used to identify resonances in the excitation energy spectrum of He-8. If the spectrum is interpreted as two overlapping resonances, the spin-parity assignment for these is found to be 2(+) and 1(-), respectively.
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| 36. |
- Mejàre, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
-
Caries-preventive effect of fissure sealants : a systematic review
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 61:6, s. 321-330
-
Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to evaluate systematically the evi-dence of the caries-preventive effect of fissure sealing of occlusal tooth surfaces and to examine factors potentially modifying the effect. The search strategies included electronic databases, reference lists of arti-cles, and selected textbooks. Inclusion criteria were randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials comparing fissure sealing with no treatment or another preventive treatment in children up to 14 years of age at the start; the outcome measure was caries increment; the diagnostic criteria had been described; and the follow-up time was at least 2 years. Inclusion decisions were taken and grading of the studies was done independently by two of the authors. The main measure of effect was relative risk reduction. Thirteen stud-ies using resin-based or glass ionomer sealant materials were included in the final analysis. The results showed that most studies were per-formed during the 1970s and a single application had been utilized. The relative caries risk reduction pooled estimate of resin-based seal-ants on permanent 1st molars was 33% (relative risk = 0.67; CI = 0.55-0.83). The effect depended on retention of the sealant. In conclu-sion, the review suggests limited evidence that fissure sealing of 1st permanent molars with resin-based materials has a caries-preventive effect. The evidence is incomplete for permanent 2nd molars, premo-lars and primary molars and for glass ionomer cements. Overall, there remains a need for further trials of high quality, particularly in child populations with a low and a high caries risk, respectively.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nilsson, Imogene, et al.
(författare)
-
Well-being, sense of coherence, and burnout in stroke victims and spouses during the first few months after stroke
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 15:3, s. 203-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten stroke victims, who had recently suffered their first manifest stroke with lasting neurological symptoms, participated, together with their spouses, in a study aimed at elucidating the well-being, sense of coherence (SOC), and burnout during the first few months after discharge. The stroke victims had no substantial speech disturbances, and showed no evidence of significant cognitive impairment, signifying they were mildly to moderately impaired by their stroke. All subjects were investigated at 1 and 3 months after homecoming. The methods used in this study were open-ended interviews with all research participants, performed at two different appointments, and three self-reporting questionnaires: the well-being measure (WM), the SOC scale, and the burnout measure (BM). The instruments suit each other well, broaden the picture of living with stroke and give an attuned comprehensive understanding. The most striking finding was the substantial differences in the results, both regarding the stroke victims and their spouses, clearly indicating the limited value current generalizations have. The results also pointed to considerable distress both in stroke victims and spouses, although individuals with a weak SOC clearly displayed more difficulties in coping with the situation and risk of burnout, than did those with a strong SOC.
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| 40. |
- Nyström, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers' experience of being separated from their newborns
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0884-2175 .- 1552-6909. ; 31:3, s. 275-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To elucidate mothers' experiences related to separation from their newborns during their 1st week of life, when the newborns had been transferred to a neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU). DESIGN: A phenomenologic-hermeneutic approach. Tape-recorded narrative interviews were conducted 1 to 2 months postpartum in the participants' homes. The mothers were asked to describe and reflect upon their experiences during the time when they were separated from their children. PARTICIPANTS: Eight women whose full-term newborns had been treated in the NICU for between 2 and 10 days and then declared healthy and sent home. RESULTS: The women's narratives revealed that their experiences had caused them emotional strain and anxiety. From the analysis, three themes emerged: Being an outsider was based on feelings of despair, powerlessness, homelessness, and disappointment. Lack of control included emotional instability, threat, guilt, and insecurity. The theme of caring included trust, love, anxiety, relief, closeness, and explanations. The experiences were related to the staff, the child, the environment, the mother herself, the child's father, and other mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Separating a mother and her newborn during the 1st week of the child's life involves much emotional strain for the mother, even though the newborn is not seriously ill.
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| 41. |
- Oscarson, Per, 1965-
(författare)
-
Informationssäkerhet i verksamheter : begrepp och modeller som stöd för förståelse av informationssäkerhet och dess hantering i verksamheter
- 2001
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Verksamheters säkerhetsproblem i samband med informationssystem och informationsteknik (IS/IT) är ett område som uppmärksammats kraftigt de senaste åren. Denna avhandling syftar till att ge en ökad förståelse av informationssäkerhet; begreppet i sig, dess hantering iverksamheter samt dess betydelse för verksamheter. För att nå en ökad förståelse för informationssäkerhet och dess hantering består avhandlingen till stora delar av konceptuella resonemang. Avhandlingens huvudsakliga kunskapsbidrag är:- En kritisk granskning och en revidering av den begreppsapparat som dominerar i Sverige inom området informationssäkerhet och dess hantering.- En generisk modell (ISV-modellen) avseende verksamheters hantering av informationssäkerhet.ISV-modellen beskriver vilka grundläggande förutsättningar, aktiviteter, resultat och konsekvenser som kan kopplas till hantering av informationssäkerhet i verksamheter. Informationssäkerhetsområdet betraktas utifrån ett perspektiv som har sin grund i Skandinavisk informationssystemforskning. Ett viktigt kännetecken hos detta perspektiv är att IS/IT betraktas i en verksamhetskontext där bl a människors roller och aktiviteter utgör en viktig del.Studien bygger på både teoretiska och empiriska studier som har skett parallellt och genom växelverkan. De teoretiska studierna har främst bestått av litteraturstudier och konceptuellt modellerande som har konfronterats med empiriskt material vilket huvudsakligen har hämtats genom en fallstudie på en kommun i Bergslagen.
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| 42. |
- Petersson, Johan
(författare)
-
Lokala elektroniska marknadsplatser : informationssystem för platsbundna affärer
- 2002
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intresset för olika yttringar av elektroniska affärer fokuseras inte sällan på globala och nationella ansträngningar. Detta gäller inte minst sedan uppmärksamheten under senare år kommit att riktas mot Internetbaserade tillämpningar och implikationer av dessa. Uppmärksamheten har också innefattat förutsägelser där förändrade förutsättningar hotar traditionella mellanhänders existens. Föreliggande avhandling berör också denna typ av tillämpning men fokuserar en situation där just traditionella mellanhänder i form av små och medelstora detaljhandelsföretag valt att även möta sina lokala kunder via Internet. Det är en arena för dessa möten som står i avhandlingens fokus – den lokala elektroniska marknadsplatsen. En sådan marknadsplats erbjuder förutom möjligheter till detaljhandel även tjänster, medium för diskussion och spridning av information som inte nödvändigtvis är affärsinriktad.Arbetet har genomförts i en pilotstudie och två efterföljande fallstudier där aktiviteterna på två svenska webbplatser med den beskrivna inriktningen stod i centrum. Avhandlingen förmedlar kunskap om sammansättningen av aktörer på en lokal elektronisk marknadsplats, deras aktiviteter och samspelet dem emellan. Fokus är riktat mot hur informationssystem (IS) kan stödja aktörernas olika ändamål. Avhandlingens resultat rör därmed utformningen och funktionalitet hos ett möjliggörande marknadsplats-IS. Denna kunskap är ämnad för applicering i en beskriven situation av platsbundna elektroniska affärer.
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| 43. |
- Petersson, Lars G, et al.
(författare)
-
Professional fluoride varnish treatment for caries control: a systematic review of clinical trials.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 170-6
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper was systematically to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of professional fluoride varnish treatments. A search of the literature for articles published between 1966 and August 2003 was carried out in electronic databases, reference lists of articles, and selected textbooks in accordance with the strategy of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. Out of 302 identified papers, 24 randomized and controlled clinical trials comparing fluoride varnish with placebo, no active treatment or other fluoride preventive regimens of at least 2 years' study duration were included. The trials that met the inclusion criteria were assessed independently and systematically by at least two reviewers and scored from A to C according to predetermined criteria for methodology and performance. The main outcome measure was the preventive fraction expressed as a percentage. The results displayed limited evidence (evidence level 3) for the caries preventive effect of topical applications of fluoride varnishes in permanent teeth. The average prevented fraction was 30% (0-69%) when compared with untreated controls. Inconclusive evidence (evidence level 4) was found for fluoride varnish treatment in the primary dentition and in adults. This systematic review reinforces the need for future dinical research of high quality, incorporating modern concepts of dinical performance and evaluation to assess dental caries control using professional fluoride varnish.
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| 44. |
- Sandman, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Kommentarer
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Närståendes behov. - Stockholm : Svensk sjuksköterskeförening. - 9185060097 ; , s. 44-48
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
- Segerkvist, Per-Arne
(författare)
-
Webbaserade imaginära organisationers samverkansformer : Informationssystemarkitektur och aktörssamverkan som förutsättningar för affärsprocesser
- 2001
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De Internetbutiker som skapades under senare delen av 1990-talet, präglades av snabb etablering och deras övergripande mål var att ta så stora marknadsandelar som möjligt. Detta högt prioriterade krav på snabbhet var en av anledningarna till att dessa företag ofta tog hjälp av partners för att sköta delar av verksamheten. På detta sätt skapas imaginära organisationer, som via webben erbjuder varor och tjänster till sina kunder. Dessa företag fokuserar på sin kärnkompetens och låter denna kompletteras med andra externa aktörers kompetenser. För att lyckas måste man erbjuda sina kunder minst samma priser, kvalitet och service som en traditionell butik, vilket kräver en verksamhet med hög processeffektivitet och -kvalitet. Denna avhandling fokuserar på vilka faktorer som är avgörande för att dessa önskvärda effekter ska kunna uppnås, vilket också innebär att brister och problem kommer att beröras.I två fallstudier har studerats hur dessa imaginära organisationers olika informationssystem, och den informationssystemarkitektur de bildar, stödjer affärsprocessen i syfte att nå önskvärda effekter. Organisationernas aktörer, och den aktörsstruktur de bildar, har också studerats för att klargöra stöd till affärsprocessen.Studiens resultat visar att samverkan mellan den imaginära organisationens informationssystem och aktörer är av central betydelse för att nå dessa effekter. Den visar också på problem som finns i detta sammanhang. För att uppnå denna goda samverkan mellan informationssystem krävs en hög kvalitet i densamma, något som också är av stor vikt för att uppnå förtroende och tillit i den samverkan som sker mellan aktörer inom den imaginära organisationen. För att nå en hög förändringsbarhet och följsamhet i den imaginära organisationens processer, är det nödvändigt att fokusera på systemstrukturering, både intern och extern. Studien pekar också på de rationaliseringseffekter som kan uppnås genom ett högt utnyttjande av modern informationsteknik.
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| 46. |
- Thomsson, Kristina A, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal mucins from cystic fibrosis mice show increased fucosylation due to an induced Fucalpha1-2 glycosyltransferase.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: The Biochemical journal. - 0264-6021. ; 367:Pt 3, s. 609-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In gene-targeted mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF), the disease is mainly manifested by mucus obstruction in the intestine. To explore the mucus composition, mucins insoluble and soluble in 6 M guanidinium chloride were purified by three rounds of isopycnic ultracentrifugation from the small and large intestines of CF mice (Cftr(m1UNC)/Cftr(m1UNC)) and compared with wild-type mice. The amino acid composition was typical of that for mucins and showed increased amounts of the insoluble (2.5-fold increase) and soluble (7-fold increase) mucins in the small intestine of the CF mice compared with wild-type mice. Mucins from the large intestine of both wild-type and CF mice showed a high but constant level of fucosylation. In contrast, the insoluble and soluble mucins of the small intestine in CF mice revealed a large increase in fucose, whereas those of wild-type mice contained only small amounts of fucose. This increased fucosylation was analysed by releasing the O-linked oligosaccharides followed by GC-MS. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the increased fucosylation was due to an increased expression of blood group H epitopes (Fucalpha1-2Gal-). Northern-blot analysis, using a probe for the murine Fucalpha1-2 fucosyltransferase (Fut2), showed an up-regulation of this mRNA in the small intestine of the CF mice, suggesting that this enzyme is responsible for the observed increase in blood group H-type glycosylation. The reason for this up-regulation could be a direct or indirect effect of a non-functional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) caused by the absence of CFTR channel.
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| 47. |
- Twetman, Svante, et al.
(författare)
-
Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste : a systematic review
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 61:6, s. 347-355
-
Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a questionnaire addressed to general dental practitioners in Sweden, the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care launched a project group in 1999 to systematically review and evaluate the existing literature on various caries preventive methods. The aim of this article was to report findings concerning the caries preventive effect of fluoride toothpastes in various age groups, with special emphasis on fluoride concentration and supervised versus non-supervised brushing. A systematic search in electronic databases for articles published between 1966 and April 2003 was conducted with the inclusion criteria of a randomized or controlled clinical trial, at least 2 years follow-up and caries increment in the permanent (DMFS/T) or primary (dmfs/t) dentition as endpoint. Out of 905 articles originally identified, 54 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed independently by at least two reviewers and scored A-C according to predetermined criteria for methodology and performance. The measure of effect was the prevented fraction (PF), expressed as percent. The results revealed strong evidence (level 1) (i) for the caries preventive effect of daily use of fluoride toothpaste compared to placebo in the young permanent dentition (PF 24.9%), (ii) that toothpastes with 1,500 ppm of fluoride had a superior preventive effect compared with standard dentifrices with 1,000 ppm F in the young permanent dentition (PF 9.7%), and (iii) that higher caries reductions were recorded in studies with supervised toothbrushing compared with non-supervised (PF 23.3%). However, incomplete evidence (level 4) was found regarding the effect of fluoride toothpaste in the primary dentition. In conclusion, this review reinforced the importance of daily toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpastes for preventing dental caries, although long-term studies in age groups other than children and adolescents are still lacking.
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| 48. |
- Twetman, Svante, et al.
(författare)
-
Caries-preventive effect of sodium fluoride mouthrinses: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - Oslo : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:4, s. 223-30
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care launched a project group in 1999 to systematically review and evaluate the existing literature on different caries-preventive methods. The aim of this article was to report the findings concerning the caries-preventive effect of fluoride mouthrinses (FMRs) in various age groups, with special reference to background fluorides. A systematic search in electronic databases for literature published between 1966 and August 2003 was conducted with the inclusion criteria of a randomized or controlled clinical trial, at least 2 years' follow-up, and caries increment in the permanent dentition (DeltaDMFS/T) as endpoint. Out of 174 articles originally identified, 62 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed independently by at least two reviewers and scored A-C according to predetermined criteria for methodology and performance. The measure of effect was the prevented fraction (PF) expressed as percent. The level of evidence was based on 25 articles. The results revealed limited evidence (evidence level 3) for the caries-preventive effect (PF 29%) of daily or weekly sodium fluoride rinses compared with placebo in permanent teeth of schoolchildren and adolescents with no additional fluoride exposure and for a caries-preventive effect on root caries in older adults. Inconclusive evidence (evidence level 4) was found regarding the effect of FMRs in schoolchildren and adolescents exposed to additional fluoride sources such as daily use of fluoride toothpaste. No firm support for the use of FMRs was disclosed in a small number of studies designed for patients at caries risk. Furthermore, no association between the frequency of the rinses and prevented fraction or saved surfaces per year was found. In conclusion, this systematic review suggests that sodium fluoride mouthrinses may have an anti-caries effect in children with limited background of fluoride exposure, while its additional effect in children with daily use of fluoride toothpaste could be questioned. The need for further clinical trials to elucidate the effect of FMRs in risk patients and older adults is emphasized.
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