| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Wohlin, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 genotype is independently associated with increased intima-media thickness in a recessive pattern
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Lipids. - : Wiley. - 0024-4201 .- 1558-9307. ; 42:5, s. 451-456
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene have been associated with lipid levels, carotid intima media thickness (CCA-IMT), inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Earlier findings suggested an association of the Apo E alleles with increased CCA-IMT following a recessive pattern. Whether associations might be independent of C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid levels and other CVD risk factors is not known. We investigated the relationships between Apo E (epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4 alleles) and CCA-IMT, measured by B-mode ultrasound, in dominant and recessive models in a community-based sample of 437 men 75 years of age. In men homozygous for the epsilon4 allele CCA-IMT was significantly increased by 0.13 mm to 0.86 +/- 0.16 mm compared to 0.73 +/- 0.19 mm in non- epsilon4-carriers (P = 0.0012) and 0.73 +/- 0.21 mm in epsilon4 heterozygous (P = 0.0044) in unadjusted recessive models. The association between Apo E epsilon4 genotype and CCA-IMT was independent of Apo E epsilon2 and Apo E epsilon3 alleles, CRP, lipid variables (TG, LDL, HDL) and other CVD risk factors (smoking, hypertension, body mass index, diabetes) (P = 0.018). No relations between Apo E genotype and CCA-IMT were observed in dominant models. No significant associations between the Apo E epsilon2 and epsilon3 alleles and CCA-IMT were found. In this study, men homozygous with the ApoE epsilon4 allele had thicker CCA-IMT, independently of Apo E epsilon2 and epsilon3 alleles, CRP, lipid variables (TG, LDL, HDL) and other CVD risk factors (smoking, hypertension, body mass index, diabetes), suggesting CCA-IMT to be modified by the ApoE epsilon4 genotype in a recessive pattern.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ahlgren, Erik, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Biokombi Rya - slutrapporter från ingående delprojekt
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projektet Biokombi Rya har ett flertal olika forskargrupper samarbetat för att studera system¬effekterna av förgasning av biobränsle ur olika aspekter. Syftet med projektet är att öka kunskapen om biobränsleförgasning i Sverige samt att utreda förutsättningar för att sådana anläggningar ska vara ekonomiskt och miljömässigt intressanta. En referensgrupp har varit kopplad till projektet där förutsättningar, resultat och slutsatser har behandlats.I denna underlagsrapport har slutrapporterna från projektets delprojekt samlats. De beskriver förutsättningar, metodansatser, använda data och resultat utförligt och utgör på så sätt ett viktigt komplement till den mer övergripande beskrivningen i projektets syntesrapport. De delrapporter som ingår har valts för att täcka in samtliga delar av projektet som är av allmänt intresse. Projektresultat som publicerats på annat sätt berörs dock mer kortfattat.Projektet Biokombi Rya har pågått under två år (2005-2006) och drivits av Chalmers EnergiCentrum. Förutom de omfattande analysinsatser som författarna till denna rapport står för, har Avdelningen för kemisk teknologi vid KTH, Siemens Industrial Turbines AB och Göteborg Energi AB bidragit med expertstöd. CIT Industriell Energianalys, med undertecknad som projektledare, har stått för projektledning och koordination.Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten, Göteborg Energis forsknings¬stiftelse samt Göteborg Energi AB.
|
|
| 5. |
- Amini, Hashem, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of ultrasound and autopsy findings in pregnancies terminated due to fetal anomalies
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 85:10, s. 1208-1216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To compare antenatal diagnoses with autopsy findings in pregnancies terminated after ultrasound detection of fetal anomalies. A second aim was to study the quality of antenatal fetal diagnosis over time. Design. Retrospective, multicenter study over two consecutive six-year periods in Uppsala and Stockholm. Setting. Cases were identified through fetal autopsy reports. Subjects. Three hundred and twenty-eight fetuses from pregnancies terminated between 1992 and 2003 because of ultrasonographically diagnosed anomalies. Main outcome measures. The findings at the last ultrasound examination were compared with the autopsy reports. Results. In 299 cases (91.2%) ultrasound findings either exactly matched or were essentially similar to the autopsy findings. In 23 cases (7%) ultrasound findings were not confirmed at autopsy, but the postnatal findings were at least as severe as the antenatal ones. In six cases (1.8%) termination was performed for an anomaly which proved to be less severe than was predicted by ultrasound. The number of such cases was the same in both six-year periods, while the total number of cases increased from 113 in the first to 215 in the second period. Fetal examination provided further diagnostic information in 47% of the cases. In 10% a syndrome was disclosed. Conclusion. Termination of pregnancy was not always based on a correct antenatal diagnosis. All fetuses but one from terminated pregnancies had evident anomalies. In six cases (1.8%) the decision to terminate was based on suboptimal prognostic and diagnostic information. Fetal autopsy by an experienced perinatal pathologist is essential to provide a definitive diagnosis.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment with anti-factor VIIa in acute pancreatitis in rats: Blocking both coagulation and inflammation?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 42:6, s. 765-770
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Acute pancreatitis starts as an autodigestive process restricted to the pancreas and progresses to a systemic inflammation via cytokine release into the blood stream. Several inhibitors of the coagulation cascade, including active- siteinactivated factor VIIa, have shown anti- inflammatory properties in other inflammatory models than acute pancreatitis. Free radical scavengers have proven useful in reducing the oxidative damage during hyperinflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment with FVIIai would have any effect on the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS) in severe acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. Experimental acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of taurodeoxycholate in the pancreatic duct. The animals were pretreated with N- acetyl- cysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa. Neutrophil infiltration in the lungs, ileum and colon was quantified by myeloperoxidase activity. Inflammatory markers, IL- 6 and MIP- 2, were measured using ELISA. Results. Tissue infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs, ileum and colon significantly increased during acute pancreatitis as compared to sham operation. These levels were reduced by pretreatment with N- acetylcysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa. Levels of interleukin- 6 and macrophage inflammatory protein- 2 increased significantly during acute pancreatitis. Pretreatment with NAC and FVIIai reduced these levels. Conclusions. Both N- acetylcysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa showed powerful antiinflammatory properties in experimental acute pancreatitis. As they exert their effects through different physiological mechanisms, they represent potential candidates for future multimodal treatment of acute pancreatitis.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Axelsson, Cecilia, 1973-
(författare)
-
En Meningsfull Historia? : Didaktiska perspektiv på historieförmedlande museiutställningar om migration och kulturmöten
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns the mediation of history in a public arena in society, namely in historical exhibitions in museums. The foci of the thesis are exhibitions on migration history, cultural encounters, “Us” and “the Others”, and in particular how relations based on the principles of class, gender and ethnicity are mediated. The research concerns two exhibitions – "Afrikafararna" (The Travellers to Africa) and "Kongospår" (Traces of Congo).In this thesis museums are viewed as arenas for public education and meaning-making. It explores how the historical contents as well as the forms of mediation in the exhibitions correspond to the task of promoting democracy that has been assigned to Swedish museums. This task is expressed in the intentions of the respective museums, in the general policies on culture and also in the policy documents for schools. Therefore the thesis also explores how pupils and teachers understand the mediation of history and use the museum as a source for learning.Exhibitions are regarded in this thesis as mediation processes of history. Three distinct phases can be seen in this process – the phase of production, the phase of mediation and the phase of reception. People connected to the different phases, such as curators, producers, museum educators, and pupils, have been interviewed. These interviews show how conditions, convictions and scope for action influence how the stories of migration and cultural encounters are told and understood. The contents of the exhibitions are analysed from a perspective of class, gender and ethnicity. Furthermore, the limitations and possibilities for the visitors to intensify their historical consciousness are discussed.The study shows how economic conditions and access to historical source material influence the way history is mediated, but also, and to a very large extent, convictions on pedagogy and concepts of history among museum staff. The latter two are determining factors when it is made clear that the way the historical source material is used results in the fact that history is mediated in a way that does not correspond to the intentions and goals to promote democratic values, such as equality, and active democratic readiness for action.The study shows that the exhibitions in question mediate patterns of subordination and asymmetrical relations between women and men and between Swedes/Scandinavians and Africans in their mediation of history. There are sometimes very distinct lines between “Us” and “the Others”. One of the exhibitions offers more space for individual meaning-making and reflection than the other, however, because of its problematization of the occurrence of African artefacts in Scandinavia and because there are more stories and more voices in the exhibition.The interviews with teachers and pupils show that the visits to the exhibitions are often isolated events that are rarely incorporated into the students’ education in a prolonged theme or perspective. Several students uncritically accepted the mediation in the exhibition, others were provoked and challenged, but the students had little opportunity to discuss these experiences in either the museum or in school. In summing up, several of the results of the analysis show that the mediation of history in the exhibitions cannot be described as corresponding to the demands of a democratic conception of education.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Axelsson, Karl, 1976-
(författare)
-
The Sublime : Precursors and British Eighteenth-Century Conceptions
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation studies the attraction of the sublime in British criticism during the eighteenth century, with particular emphasis on the arguments that served as precursors to the interest in the experience of the sublime. The first part explores Samuel H. Monk’s standard work on the British eighteenth-century sublime, along with more recent studies. In order to expand the contextual features of Monk’s established account, and to be able to connect the sublime with the impact of the criticism of intellectual literature during the second half of the seventeenth century, this study needs to begin by considering the arguments put forth by Longinus in his treatise Peri Hupsous, a work that exerted considerable influence on eighteenth-century critics. Thus, the second part addresses the relevance of the arguments made by Longinus, who reflected on the significance of the concentrated exercise of the imagination and drew attention to the inner carriage required to bring about the experience of the sublime. The third part, then, demonstrates the importance assigned by critics of the sublime to the intense exercise of the imagination. However, to fully understand the attraction of the Longinian sublime, this demonstration also needs to take into account the attention given to the exercise of the imagination in criticism of intellectual literature during the second half of the seventeenth century. Finally, I illustrate the relevance of including such criticism in the interpretation of the attraction of the sublime during the eighteenth century by considering Thomas Hobbes’ claims on the subject of the imagination.
|
|
| 13. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Erik
(författare)
-
Conceptual Modelling for Creating Multimedia Databases
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Perspectives on Multimedia. - New York : John Wiley & Sons. - 0470868635 ; , s. 125-144
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to expose and explain some problems on conceptual modelling in multimedia databases. By way of introduction after a short orientation of the problem a description is made of the idea of conceptual modelling starting from the ISO report of van Griethuysen (1987) where some fundamental concepts and definitions is considered. A discussion is carried out considering the modelling techniques and their capability and/or limitations concerning modelling environments in order to create multimedia databases. The discussion indicates that the general concepts and definitions in conceptual modelling suggested in the ISO report comprises the foundation to analyse more complex information such as multimedia contexts. The paper also proposes that the interactivity, communication (especially the pragmatic and semantic layers of communication) and information of information are all key factors in the process of understanding how conceptual modelling can support multimedia databases
|
|
| 14. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Erik
(författare)
-
Conceptual modelling of multimedia databases - is it possible?
- 2001
-
Ingår i: On Methods for Systems Development in Professional Organisations. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144017235 ; , s. 186-207
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The best - or possibly only - way to model data bases is to use conceptual modelling. This is true for traditional data bases, but does it also apply to data bases where information from various data sources is stored? Is it reasonable to work with the concepts objects, variables and relations when modelling user views of images, sounds or video data, separately or in combination? Is it even possible to adopt a conceptual approach to experiences of pictures or pieces of music? What happens when we move outside the traditional application areas of the model? Does the method provide an opportunity to model more unstructured and complex information? This chapter conducts a line of reasoning about some consequences of using conceptual modelling in the design of multimedia data bases. This study is explorative and part of a research work
|
|
| 15. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Erik
(författare)
-
Identify User Profiles in Information Systems with Unknown Users : A database modelling approach
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet. ; 2:2, s. 19-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most traditional models for system development presuppose that users of the system are known and possible to communicate with. If this is not achievable traditional design methods are less usable in order to analyze and describe the requirements of the users. This paper proposes to complement view design with ideas based on interaction design and semiotics and aims to describe the requirements and wishes of potential and unknown users in information systems supported by image or multimedia databases. In the paper the activity steps of view modelling are brought together with persona techniques from interaction design. The outcome of the proposed method reduces the amount of work considerably and, in addition, reduces the problems associated with involving users in the design process. In addition it forms the basis for the specification of a more informative study to increase the acceptability of databases in public environments
|
|
| 16. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequalities of quality of life in unemployed young adults : a population-based questionnaire study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - 1475-9276 .- 1475-9276. ; 6, s. 1-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is well known that unemployment is a great problem both to the exposed individual and to the whole society. Unemployment is reported as more common among young people compared to the general level of unemployment. Inequity in health status and lifesatisfaction is related to unemployment. The purpose of this population-based study was to describe QOL among unemployed young people compared to those who are not unemployed, and to analyse variables related to QOL for the respective groups.Methods: The sample consisted of 264 young unemployed individuals and 528 working or studying individuals as a reference group. They all received a questionnaire about civil status, educational level, immigration, employment status, self-reported health, self-esteem, social support, social network, spare time, dwelling, economy and personal characteristics. The response rate was 72%. The significance of differences between proportions was tested by Fisher's exact test or by χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by means of a logistic regression model.Results: Our results balance the predominant picture of youth unemployment as a principally negative experience. Although the unemployed reported lower levels of QOL than the reference group, a majority of unemployed young adults reported good QOL, and 24% even experienced higher QOL after being unemployed. Positive QOL related not only to good health, but also to high self-esteem, satisfaction with spare time and broad latitude for decision-making.Conclusion: Even if QOL is good among a majority of unemployed young adults, inequalities in QOL were demonstrated. To create more equity in health, individuals who report reduced subjective health, especially anxiety need extra attention and support. Efforts should aim at empowering unemployed young adults by identifying their concerns and resources, and by creating individual programmes in relation not only to education and work, but also to personal development.
|
|
| 17. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequalities of quality of life in unemployed young adults : a population-based questionnaire study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1475-9276. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is well known that unemployment is a great problem both to the exposed individual and to the whole society. Unemployment is reported as more common among young people compared to the general level of unemployment. Inequity in health status and lifesatisfaction is related to unemployment. The purpose of this population-based study was to describe QOL among unemployed young people compared to those who are not unemployed, and to analyse variables related to QOL for the respective groups. Methods: The sample consisted of 264 young unemployed individuals and 528 working or studying individuals as a reference group. They all received a questionnaire about civil status, educational level, immigration, employment status, self-reported health, self-esteem, social support, social network, spare time, dwelling, economy and personal characteristics. The response rate was 72%. The significance of differences between proportions was tested by Fisher's exact test or by χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by means of a logistic regression model. Results: Our results balance the predominant picture of youth unemployment as a principally negative experience. Although the unemployed reported lower levels of QOL than the reference group, a majority of unemployed young adults reported good QOL, and 24% even experienced higher QOL after being unemployed. Positive QOL related not only to good health, but also to high self-esteem, satisfaction with spare time and broad latitude for decision-making. Conclusion: Even if QOL is good among a majority of unemployed young adults, inequalities in QOL were demonstrated. To create more equity in health, individuals who report reduced subjective health, especially anxiety need extra attention and support. Efforts should aim at empowering unemployed young adults by identifying their concerns and resources, and by creating individual programmes in relation not only to education and work, but also to personal development.
|
|
| 18. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported health, self-esteem and social support among young unemployed people : a population-based study
- 2002
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 11:2, s. 111-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A population-based study was performed in southern Sweden in the autumn of 1998. The aim was to study connections between self-reported health, self-esteem and social support among unemployed (≥ three months) young people. The sample consisted of 264 unemployed individuals aged 20–25 years, and 528 individuals of the same age, randomly selected from the population register and not registered as unemployed. The response rate was 72%. Defined by means of factor analysis, mental health consisted of the symptoms tearfulness, dysphoria, sleeping disturbance, restlessness, general fatigue and irritability. The unemployed had more mental health problems than young people who were working or studying. Restlessness and dysphoria were significantly over-represented in the unemployed among both sexes. However, good social support seemed to predict mental health. Support from parents was most important, particularly in males. Those with low self-esteem and poor parental support were especially vulnerable.
|
|
| 19. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported health, self-esteem and social support among young unemployed people : a population-based study
- 2002
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 11:2, s. 111-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A population-based study was performed in southern Sweden in the autumn of 1998. The aim was to study connections between self-reported health, self-esteem and social support among unemployed (≥ three months) young people. The sample consisted of 264 unemployed individuals aged 20–25 years, and 528 individuals of the same age, randomly selected from the population register and not registered as unemployed. The response rate was 72%. Defined by means of factor analysis, mental health consisted of the symptoms tearfulness, dysphoria, sleeping disturbance, restlessness, general fatigue and irritability. The unemployed had more mental health problems than young people who were working or studying. Restlessness and dysphoria were significantly over-represented in the unemployed among both sexes. However, good social support seemed to predict mental health. Support from parents was most important, particularly in males. Those with low self-esteem and poor parental support were especially vulnerable.
|
|
| 20. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Uno, 1979
(författare)
-
A Large-Scale Facility for Investigation of Intermediate Turbine Ducts: Design, Implementation and Initial Tests
- 2006
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intermediate turbine ducts are used in modern multi-spool jet engines for guiding the flow from the high-pressure turbine to the low-pressure turbine. The demand for lighter, more efficient and more environmentally friendly aircraft engines requires the new jet engines to have higher by-pass ratios. This leads to a demand on the intermediate turbine ducts to be more "aggressive", i.e. to have larger radial offset, and to be shorter and more diffusing. Unfortunately the flow phenomena that occur in such ducts are both complicated and poorly understood, and current numerical tools are of limited value. Therefore, in order to make these ducts more aggressive, a better understanding of the flow inside intermediate turbine ducts is necessary. As part of an effort to overcome this problem a new, large-scale, low-speed turbine facility has been design and constructed at Chalmers University ofTechnology.This thesis describes the design of the facility, with an emphasis on the intermediate turbine duct section. The design is based on general guide-lines for low-speedwind tunnels together with CFD and FEA. The facility is expected to provide detailed understanding of the flow physics within these intermediate turbine ducts, as well as provide high-quality data for validation of numerical simulations. This thesis also contains initial measurements used for implementation of the measurementtechniques to the facility.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Uno, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the flow in an intermediate turbine duct at off-design conditions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: ICAS 2008, 26th international congress of the aeronautical sciences, Alaska, August 2008. - 9781605607153 ; 2, s. 3286-3295
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intermediate turbine ducts are used in modern turbofan engines for connecting the highpressure turbine with the low-pressure turbine. The demands for engines with higher by-pass ratios require these ducts to be more "aggressive", i.e., to have a larger radial off-set and to be shorter. However, the flow in the intermediate turbine ducts are complex and therefore difficult to predict. Therefore a better understanding of the flow physics is necessary and measurements for CFD validation are needed. This paper presents time-averaged measurements of the flow in a state-at-the-art intermediate turbine duct with an upstream high-pressure turbine present. The investigation focuses on the intermediate turbine duct flow field development for different turbine conditions. The measurements consist of area traverses with a five-hole pressure probe at different axial locations within the intermediate turbine duct. In addition, a discussion of the endwall static pressure distribution and the overall pressure losses for the different conditions are done.
|
|
| 23. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Uno, 1979
(författare)
-
Experimental investigation of the flow field in an aggressive intermediate turbine duct
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intermediate turbine ducts are used for connecting thehigh-pressure turbine to the low-pressure turbine in turbofan engines. In order to meet the demands for more efficient and environmentally friendly jet engines, future intermediate turbine ducts need to have larger radial off-sets without increasing their length. In addition, reducing the length of the intermediate turbine duct reduces the weight of the engine.This thesis describes a detailed measurement campaign of anaggressive intermediate turbine duct. Its length was about 20% shorter than conventional engines with similar characteristics; hence the word aggressive. The first part of the thesis reports briefly the design and construction of the large-scale, low-speed turbine facility that was a part of this project. The turbine stage provided proper inlet boundary conditions for the downstream intermediate turbine duct. The second part of this thesis discusses the results from measurements, including endwall flow visualization, endwall static pressure measurements, 5-holepressure probe measurements and time-resolved and phase-resolved two-component hot-wire measurements. The measurements are expected to provide a useful database for validation of computational tools, especially since they contain detailed information about both the average flow and the turbulence.From the measurements no endwall flow separation due to theshortening of the duct could be detected. It was also found that the break up of the tip leakage flow formed a pair ofcounter-clockwise rotating vortices for each turbine vane sector. The phase-resolved measurements indicated that these were the wing tip vortices from the rotor blade that became stationary as the flow proceeded downstream. The phase-resolved measurements together with spectral analysis revealed that immediately downstream the turbine the flow was highly unsteady. But by the time the flow reached the low-pressure turbine vanes unsteady effects had been reduced and the flow was dominated by stationarystructures.
|
|
| 24. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Uno, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental investigation of the time-averaged flow in an intermediate turbine duct
- 2008
-
Ingår i: GT2008-50829. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea and Air, June 9-13, 2008, Berlin, Germany. - 9780791843161 ; 6:PART B
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intermediate turbine ducts are used in modern multi-spool jet engines to connect the high pressure turbine with the lowpressure turbine. The trend towards turbofan engines with larger by-pass ratios requires the radial off-set between the high-pressure and low-pressure turbines to increase with a corresponding increase in radial off-set for the intermediate turbine ducts. Other improvements of the ducts is to make them shorter and more diffusing but this strive towards more aggressive design increases the risk for separation. This paper deals with an experimental investigation of the time-averaged mean flow field and turbulence development in an aggressive intermediate turbine duct (downstream a rotating turbine stage) using a 5-hole probe and 2-component hot-wire anemometry. In addition the duct endwall static pressure distribution is discussed. The investigation revealed the complex flow structure development within the duct, where corotating vortices emanating from the break-up of the tip gap shear-layer dominates the flow pattern.
|
|
| 25. |
- Axelsson, Lars-Uno, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Fourier decomposed turbulence measurements downstream of a high-pressure turbine stage
- 2008
-
Ingår i: 2008 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference, FEDSM 2008; Jacksonville, FL; United States; 10 August 2008 through 14 August 2008. - 9780791848418 ; 2, s. 177-182
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This forum paper discusses phase-resolved turbulence measurements of the flow downstream of an axial turbine, and especially how phase-resolved measurements compare to time-resolved measurements. The time-resolved spectra produced higher velocity fluctuations than the corresponding phase-resolved spectra even when the periodic component was filtered out from the time-resolved measurements. The phase-resolved spectrum effectively removes all the peaks in the spectrum except for the ones associated with the blade-passage frequency.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Work ethics and general work attitudes in adolescents are related to quality of life, sense of coherence and subjective health : a Swedish questionnaire study
- 2005
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - 1471-2458 .- 1471-2458. ; 5, s. 103-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Working life is an important arena in most people's lives, and the working line concept is important for the development of welfare in a society. For young people, the period before permanent establishment in working life has become longer during the last two decades. Knowledge about attitudes towards work can help us to understand young people's transition to the labour market. Adolescents are the future workforce, so it seems especially important to notice their attitudes towards work, including attitudes towards the welfare system. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse upper secondary school students' work attitudes, and to explore factors related to these attitudes. METHODS: The sample consisted of 606 upper secondary school students. They all received a questionnaire including questions about quality of life (QOL), sense of coherence (SOC), subjective health and attitudes towards work. The response rate was 91%. A factor analysis established two dimensions of work attitudes. Multivariate analyses were carried out by means of logistic regression models. RESULTS: Work ethics (WE) and general work attitudes (GWA) were found to be two separate dimensions of attitudes towards work. Concerning WE the picture was similar regardless of gender or study programme. Males in theoretical programmes appeared to have more unfavourable GWA than others. Multivariate analyses revealed that good QOL, high SOC and good health were significantly related to positive WE, and high SOC was positively related to GWA. Being female was positively connected to WE and GWA, while studying on a practical programme was positively related to GWA only. Among those who received good parental support, GWA seemed more favourable. CONCLUSION: Assuming that attitudes towards work are important to the working line concept, this study points out positive factors of importance for the future welfare of the society. Individual factors such as female gender, good QOL, high SOC and good health as well as support from both parents, positive experience of school and work contacts related positively to attitudes towards work. Further planning and supportive work have to take these factors into account.
|
|
| 28. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Work ethics and general work attitudes in adolescents are related to quality of life, sense of coherence and subjective health : a Swedish questionnaire study
- 2005
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1471-2458. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Working life is an important arena in most people's lives, and the working line concept is important for the development of welfare in a society. For young people, the period before permanent establishment in working life has become longer during the last two decades. Knowledge about attitudes towards work can help us to understand young people's transition to the labour market. Adolescents are the future workforce, so it seems especially important to notice their attitudes towards work, including attitudes towards the welfare system. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse upper secondary school students' work attitudes, and to explore factors related to these attitudes. METHODS: The sample consisted of 606 upper secondary school students. They all received a questionnaire including questions about quality of life (QOL), sense of coherence (SOC), subjective health and attitudes towards work. The response rate was 91%. A factor analysis established two dimensions of work attitudes. Multivariate analyses were carried out by means of logistic regression models. RESULTS: Work ethics (WE) and general work attitudes (GWA) were found to be two separate dimensions of attitudes towards work. Concerning WE the picture was similar regardless of gender or study programme. Males in theoretical programmes appeared to have more unfavourable GWA than others. Multivariate analyses revealed that good QOL, high SOC and good health were significantly related to positive WE, and high SOC was positively related to GWA. Being female was positively connected to WE and GWA, while studying on a practical programme was positively related to GWA only. Among those who received good parental support, GWA seemed more favourable. CONCLUSION: Assuming that attitudes towards work are important to the working line concept, this study points out positive factors of importance for the future welfare of the society. Individual factors such as female gender, good QOL, high SOC and good health as well as support from both parents, positive experience of school and work contacts related positively to attitudes towards work. Further planning and supportive work have to take these factors into account.
|
|
| 29. |
- Axelsson, Lars
(författare)
-
Youth - the future manpower : studies on unemployment, quality of life and work attitudes in young people
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to gain knowledge of experiences of unemployment in young adults with special regard to quality of life (QOL) and to highlight work attitudes and related factors among adolescents. Three studies were performed in Kristianstad municipality, Sweden. In Study 1, a questionnaire was sent in 1998 to 264 unemployed young adults (md=22 years, range 20?25) and to a control group of 528 randomly selected young adults who were studying or working. In Study 2, interviews with 16 unemployed young adults(md=22 years, range 20?24) were performed. In Study 3, 606 students in upper secondary school (md=18, range 18?22) were invited to participate in a questionnaire study. In Study 1, the prevalence of three or more mental health symptoms was 41% in males and 60% in females. Unemployed reported lower mental health than controls. In unemployed females, without very good parental support and with low self-esteem, 76% had three or more mental health problems. Unemployed had lower QOL than controls. However, this picture seemed diversified as 35% reported that QOL had become worse, 41% reported unchanged QOL and 24% reported that QOL had become better since unemployment started. In Study 2, the variation in experiences of unemployment was established in more depth by the qualitative research approach. Perception and action were constituents of QOL among unemployed young adults and QOL was regarded as an outcome of these two dimensions. Perception and action varied greatly, and four groups with substantial differences in QOL were identified: fighters, optimists, exposed and unworried subjects. Study 3 focused on work attitudes. Two separate dimensions of work attitudes were found: work ethics (WE), including attitudes to using the social welfare system, and general work attitudes (GWA), including the general attitude towards work and life as a context. Being female, having very positive work experiences, having good QOL, high SOC and good subjective health were positively related to WE. Being female, studying on a practical programme, being content with the school period, having high SOC and very good parental support were positively related to GWA. This thesis shows that unemployment is experienced in various ways, and these experiences are not only negative. Individual factors such as QOL, SOC, health and parental support are of importance to both unemployment experiences and attitudes to work. Consequently, when the purpose is to increase young adults? possibilities to participate in working life, it can be argued that strategies where the focus is on the individual perspective instead of the collective approach are relevant.
|
|
| 30. |
- Axelsson, Lars
(författare)
-
Youth - the future manpower : studies on unemployment, quality of life and work attitudes in young people
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Arbetslivet är en av de viktigaste delarna i människors livssituation och ett av de viktigaste incitamenten för välfärden i ett samhälle. Stora förändringar har skett för ungdomar beträffande arbetslivet och inträdet i arbetslivet under de senaste decennierna. Bl.a. de stora förändringarna gör att ny kunskap krävs för att ge möjlighet att stärka ungdomarna i deras inträde på arbetsmarknaden men också för att ge möjlighet till fortsatt arbete för ett välfärdssystem, vilket bygger på att den s.k. arbetslinjen upprätthålls. Studier av arbetslöshet, livskvalitet och attityder till arbete kan därför anses viktiga.Syftet med den här avhandlingen var att undersöka ungdomars upplevelser av arbetslöshet, och faktorer som är relaterade till arbetslöshet. Variablerna livskvalitet, hälsa, självkänsla och socialt stöd fokuserades särskilt. Syftet var också att erhålla kunskap om ungdomars attityder till arbete, samt faktorer som är relaterade till sådana attityder.I den första studien fördjupas kunskapen kring det faktum att arbetslösa ungdomar har sämre mental hälsa än dem som studerar eller arbetar. Resultaten baseras på enkätsvaren från 158 ungdomar i åldern 20?25 år som varit arbetslösa i minst tre månader och en slumpmässigt vald referensgrupp med 357 ungdomar i samma ålder, som arbetade eller studerade. Ungdomarna erhöll en postenkät, vilken i huvudsak innehöll frågor om hälsa, livskvalitet, självkänsla och socialt stöd. Svarsfrekvensen i den här studien var 72 %. Med hjälp av en faktoranalys fastställdes vilka symtom som utifrån en tidigare använd symtomlista var att betrakta som mentala ohälsosymtom. I mental hälsa ingick de sex symtomen gråtmildhet, att känna sig nere och dyster, sömnsvårigheter, rastlöshet, allmän trötthet och irritation. Symtomen att känna sig nere och dyster samt rastlöshet var vanligare förekommande bland arbetslösa män och kvinnor. De sex symtomen utgjorde ett mentalt hälsoindex (0?6 symtom). Arbetslösa män och kvinnor hade högre index (fler mentala hälsosymtom) i jämförelse med de som arbetade eller studerade. För männen medelvärde 2.67 jämfört med 2.10 och för kvinnorna medelvärde 3.42 jämfört med 2.84. Ungdomarnas sociala stöd var relaterat till nivån av mental hälsa. Stödet från föräldrarna framstod som det viktigaste, speciellt bland männen. Färre arbetslösa män jämfört med män som arbetade eller studerade hade väldigt bra föräldrastöd (53 % jämfört med 76 %). De som rapporterat både dåligt föräldrastöd och dessutom låg självkänsla framstod som en särskilt sårbar grupp. Bland de arbetslösa kvinnorna som inte hade mycket bra stöd från föräldrarna, och som dessutom hade låg självkänsla, var det 76 % som också hade rapporterat tre eller fler mentala hälsosymtom. Studien betonar att det finns starka skäl att uppmärksamma ungdomars mentala hälsostatus, inte minst i gruppen arbetslösa. Arbetslösheten har ökat dramatiskt under senare halvan av 1990-talet, för att sedan under några år stagnera något, men för närvarande ökar andelen arbetslösa ungdomar igen. Det är angeläget att få ny kunskap om faktorer som är relaterade till arbetslösa ungdomars hälsa, för att kunna möta deras behov och för att kunna ge stöd och råd i arbetslöshetssituation.I samma studie undersöktes ungdomarnas livskvalitet. Resultaten balanserar bilden av ungdomsarbetslöshet som något enbart negativt. Visserligen visar resultaten att arbetslösa ungdomar har sämre livskvalitet än de som arbetar eller studerar, men majoriteten rapporterade ändå bra livskvalitet. Resultaten visar dock att variationerna i livskvalitet var stora. 35 % uppgav att livskvaliteten blivit sämre, 41 % att den var oförändrad och 24 % ansåg att deras livskvalitet blivit bättre sedan de blivit arbetslösa. Bra livskvalitet är i den här studien relaterad till bra hälsa, hög självkänsla, att vara nöjd med sin fritid och att ha bra möjligheter att fatta egna beslut om sin framtid. En förändring av livskvaliteten till det bättre är relaterat till hög självkänsla och att ha bra sociala kontakter utanför familjen. Studien belyser därmed att det finns betydande skillnader i livskvalitet bland arbetslösa ungdomar. De som rapporterat sämre hälsa, som exempelvis nervösa besvär, har sämre livskvalitet och kan behöva extra uppmärksamhet och stöd jämfört med andra. Även de som har rapporterat låg självkänsla är en grupp som har sämre livskvalitet i jämförelse med andra i arbetslöshetsgruppen. Vidare framstår det som viktigt att ungdomarna är nöjda med sin fritid och sin autonomi, vilket är relaterat till bra livskvalitet. Resultaten betonar betydelsen av att ta till vara ungdomarnas egna resurser och den egna kapaciteten. Ett sätt är att identifiera individuella resurser, utifrån individuella program, i relation till personlig utveckling, skola och arbetsliv.Den första studien följdes upp med en kvalitativ studie och det empiriska materialet innefattade intervjuer med 16 ungdomar i åldern 20?24 år, som också varit arbetslösa i minst tre månader. Syftet med den här studien var att belysa variationer i arbetslösa ungdomars livskvalitet. För att skaffa djupare kunskap om ungdomarnas livssituation valdes en kvalitativ ansats. Resultaten baseras på intervjuer med 16 ungdomar som varit arbetslösa i minst tre månader. Utifrån tolkningar av intervjusvaren framstår livskvalitet som ett utfall av upplevelse och handling i arbetslöshetssituationen. En typologi över olika relationer mellan upplevelse och handling presenteras. Typologin består av dem som kämpar, optimisterna, de utsatta och de obekymrade. Individerna i de olika grupperna uppvisar stora skillnader i livskvalitet. De som kämpade för att förändra sin situation ansåg att sysselsättning och aktivitet är viktiga faktorer för en bra livskvalitet. Individerna i den här gruppen hade stora krav på att finna ett jobb som de ansåg passande. De var aktiva som arbetssökande, men samtidigt frustrerade i sökandet efter ett jobb. Optimisterna hade bra självförtroende och stora planer angående sin egen framtid och ansåg dessutom att de klarade av sin arbetslöshetssituation på ett bra sätt. Gruppen utsatta hade dålig livskvalitet; de ansåg att det var nödvändigt att ha ett jobb för att också ha en bra livskvalitet. Deras upplevelse av arbetslöshetssituationen var negativ, vilket kännetecknades av dålig mental hälsa, låg självkänsla, stigmatisering och en dålig ekonomisk situation. De obekymrade prioriterade sådana dimensioner i livet som att ?ha ett bra liv och att ha roligt?. De var ganska obekymrade över att vara arbetslösa. De var inte hellre speciellt bekymrade över sin ekonomiska situation och inte särskilt aktiva som arbetssökande. Resultaten i den här studien bidrar till ökad kunskap om faktorer och omständigheter som påverkar arbetslösa ungdomars livssituation och livskvalitet. Den varierande bilden av ungdomarnas upplevelse av arbetslöshet, men också deras agerande som arbetslösa, kan utgöra kunskap som är värdefull i mötet med arbetslösa ungdomar. Dessutom utgör resultaten ett viktigt incitament för ytterligare forskning inom området.Den tredje studien fokuserar på gymnasieungdomars attityder till arbete. Resultaten baseras på en enkätstudie bland606 gymnasieungdomar i sista årskursen, och så många som 91 % (551) valde att delta i studien. En enkät som kunde besvaras anonymt delades ut i skolan. Enkäten innehöll bl.a. frågor om livskvalitet, känsla av sammanhang, hälsa och attityder till arbete. Utifrån resultaten i en faktoranalys framkom att arbetsmoral och generell attityd till arbete är två olika dimensioner av attityder till arbete. Arbetsmoral definieras i den här studien utifrån fyra olika påståenden om arbetets betydelse för samhället och om att utnyttja arbetslöshetsersättningen och sjukförsäkringssystemet. Generell attityd till arbete mäts utifrån ett index av svaren på tre frågor om betydelsen av att ha ett bra liv, att ha roligt, att ha fritid i relation till att ha ett arbete. Multivariata analyser visade att positiva erfarenheter av arbetslivet, bra livskvalitet, hög känsla av sammanhang, bra hälsa och att vara kvinna är positivt relaterade till arbetsmoral. Praktiskt program, positiva erfarenheter av gymnasieperioden, bra stöd från båda föräldrarna, bra hälsa och att vara kvinna är positivt relaterade till generell attityd till arbete. Med utgångspunkten att attityder till arbete är betydelsefulla för utvecklingen av den s.k. arbetslinjen i samhället, och därmed också för välfärdssystemet i stort, framstår resultaten i den här studien som viktiga. Ökad kunskap om sådana faktorer kan öka möjligheterna att stödja ungdomars övergång till arbetslivet, viket kan antas ha betydelse för utvecklingen av arbetslinjen och för välfärden.Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att omfattningen av ungdomarbetslösheten, samt ungdomars livskvalitet och deras attityder till arbete har betydelse för samhällsutvecklingen och för utvecklingen av folkhälsan. I den här avhandlingen framgår att upplevelserna av arbetslöshet kan vara både positiva och negativa. Individuella faktorer som livskvalitet, känsla av sammanhang, hälsa och föräldrastöd har betydelse för både upplevelser av arbetslöshet och attityder till arbete. Sådana faktorer kan antas ha stor betydelse för ungdomars möjligheterna att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden och bör därför beaktas dels när konkreta arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder genomförs, men också i diskussionen, planeringen och utvärderingen av arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder. För att öka förståelsen, och därigenom stärka ungdomarnas övergång till arbetslivet, är det viktigt att skapa utrymme för den enskilde in
|
|
| 31. |
- Axelsson, Lars
(författare)
-
Youth - the future manpower. Studies on unemployment, quality of life and work attitudes.
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to gain knowledge of experiences of unemployment in young adults with special regard to quality of life (QOL) and to highlight work attitudes and related factors among adolescents. Three studies were performed in Kristianstad municipality, Sweden. In Study 1, a questionnaire was sent in 1998 to 264 unemployed young adults (md=22 years, range 20?25) and to a control group of 528 randomly selected young adults who were studying or working. In Study 2, interviews with 16 unemployed young adults(md=22 years, range 20?24) were performed. In Study 3, 606 students in upper secondary school (md=18, range 18?22) were invited to participate in a questionnaire study. In Study 1, the prevalence of three or more mental health symptoms was 41% in males and 60% in females. Unemployed reported lower mental health than controls. In unemployed females, without very good parental support and with low self-esteem, 76% had three or more mental health problems. Unemployed had lower QOL than controls. However, this picture seemed diversified as 35% reported that QOL had become worse, 41% reported unchanged QOL and 24% reported that QOL had become better since unemployment started. In Study 2, the variation in experiences of unemployment was established in more depth by the qualitative research approach. Perception and action were constituents of QOL among unemployed young adults and QOL was regarded as an outcome of these two dimensions. Perception and action varied greatly, and four groups with substantial differences in QOL were identified: fighters, optimists, exposed and unworried subjects. Study 3 focused on work attitudes. Two separate dimensions of work attitudes were found: work ethics (WE), including attitudes to using the social welfare system, and general work attitudes (GWA), including the general attitude towards work and life as a context. Being female, having very positive work experiences, having good QOL, high SOC and good subjective health were positively related to WE. Being female, studying on a practical programme, being content with the school period, having high SOC and very good parental support were positively related to GWA. This thesis shows that unemployment is experienced in various ways, and these experiences are not only negative. Individual factors such as QOL, SOC, health and parental support are of importance to both unemployment experiences and attitudes to work. Consequently, when the purpose is to increase young adults? possibilities to participate in working life, it can be argued that strategies where the focus is on the individual perspective instead of the collective approach are relevant. Key words: Young adults, adolescents, health, quality of life, unemployment, work ethics, work attitudes, sense of coherence, social support, self-esteem. © Lars Axelsson, 2005 Printed by Media Tryck printing office, Lund, Sweden ISBN 91-85439-65-7
|
|
| 32. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
-
Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of Campylobacter species
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 73:21, s. 6864-6869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of Campylobacter pathogens. This method, Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture (ACC), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of Campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Four of the Campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth rates comparable to those observed in other Campylobacter enrichment media. Studying six strains of C. jejuni isolated from different sources, we found that all of the strains could be enriched from an inoculum of fewer than 10 bacteria. The sensitivity of the ACC method was not negatively affected by the use of Campylobacter-selective antibiotics in the culture medium, but these were effective in suppressing the growth of seven different bacterial species added at a concentration of 10(4) CFU/ml of each species as deliberate contamination. The ACC method has advantages over other enrichment methods as it is not dependent on a microaerobic milieu and does not require the use of blood or other oxygen-quenching agents. Our study found the ACC method to be a promising tool for the enrichment of Campylobacter species, particularly from water samples with low bacterial concentrations.
|
|
| 33. |
- Axelsson, Rose-Marie, 1962-
(författare)
-
Formbara människor : Högre utbildning och arbete som utsnitt ur läkares och civilingenjörers levnadsbanor
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fokus i denna avhandling utgör läkares och civilingenjörers kunskaps- och identifikationsprocesser under utbildning och arbete – vilka studeras som utsnitt ur levnadsbanor. Syftet är att beskriva och tolka relationen mellan högre utbildning och arbete, dels utifrån föreställningar i forskning och policy, dels utifrån människors subjektivitet, vardagserfarenheter och liv. Studien baseras på textanalys och intervjuer med läkare och IT-ingenjörer under de första åren i arbetslivet och yrket. Kännetecknande är att processer följs över tid genom en longitudinell design.Den teoretiska ramen struktureras runt tre länkade teman: Kunskap och dynamiker i det samtida samhället; Högre utbildning och arbete; Människors formbarhet. Reflexiv tolkning utgör metodologisk ansats. Begreppen flexibilitet, stabilitet och ambivalens används dialektiskt vid analys av empiriska data.Avhandlingen visar att människors subjektivitet och vardagserfarenheter samspelar med generella föreställningar och sammanhangens reella förhållanden. Utbildnings- och yrkesval kan förstås som uttryck för såväl reflexiva livsprojekt som subjektiva dynamiker. Att formas till civilingenjör och läkare ter sig på vitt skilda sätt. Ingenjörerna formas till generalister och ”spelar med säkra kort” medan läkarna bygger en karaktär och ”spelar med sig själva som insats”. I arbetet använder civilingenjörerna titeln som en flexibel strategi – identifikation är främst bunden till plats, funktion och arbetstid. Läkarnas identifikation med yrket utgör ett konstant tillstånd – läkare är något de alltid är, också på fritiden – yrket är starkt bundet till person. Resultaten indikerar att både ingenjörs- och läkaryrket kännetecknas av livslånga kvalificeringsprocesser. De visar sig stark exkluderande över tid.Relationen mellan högre utbildning och arbetet diskuteras vidare i avhandlingen genom människors levnadsbanor och i termer av såväl formbara som hållbara liv.
|
|
| 34. |
- Axelsson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of combined caries-preventive methods: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 163-9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of combined caries-preventive methods, defined as two or more different interventions in combination, each expected to prevent dental caries. The Medline database was searched for articles published in the period January 1966 to June 2003. Twenty-four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria, and their value as evidence was assessed according to predetermined criteria. The level of evidence for the overall conclusion regarding each method was graded according to the protocol of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The scientific evidence for the combination of treatments involving fluoride that had a preventive effect on caries in children and adolescents was graded as moderate. However, for elderly patients the scientific evidence for the caries-preventive effect of different combinations of treatments was found to be incomplete. No conclusion could be drawn regarding the evidence for combinations of treatments being effective for groups at high caries risk, as the results from the identified clinical studies were conflicting.
|
|
| 35. |
- Axelsson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Strukturerad miljödatahantering inom järn- och stålindustri
- 2002
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efterfrågan på miljöinformation i olika former förväntas öka under de kommande åren. Det gäller såväl internt inom företaget som externt till kunder, ägare, övriga finansiärer, myndigheter m.fl. För att kunna möta de förväntade kraven har företagen inom järn- och stålindustrin identifierat ett behov av att åstadkomma en strukturerad miljödatahantering (lagring, bearbetning och dokumentation), som möjliggör att ett och samma dataunderlag så långt som möjligt kan utnyttjas och relativt enkelt omformas till olika former av kommunikationsprodukter. Projektets mål är därför att ta fram en branschgemensam struktur för miljödatahantering inom järn- och stålindustrin
|
|
| 36. |
- Berg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Course of Pain in Bell's Palsy : Treatment With Prednisolone and Valacyclovir
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 30:6, s. 842-846
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the effect of prednisolone and valacyclovir on ipsilateral pain around the ear and in the face or neck in Bell's palsy. The incidence and intensity of pain during the first 2 months of palsy and its prognostic value were also assessed. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Setting: Sixteen tertiary referral centers in Sweden and 1 in Finland. Patients: Data are part of the Scandinavian Bell's palsy study; 829 patients aged 18 to 75 years with onset of palsy within 72 hours were included. Follow-up time was 12 months. Intervention: Patients were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment arms in a factorial fashion: placebo plus placebo; prednisolone 60 mg daily for 5 days, then tapering for 5 days, plus placebo; valacyclovir 1,000 mg 3 times daily for 7 days plus placebo; or prednisolone plus valacyclovir. Main Outcome Measures: Pain was registered on a visual analog scale within 72 hours, at Days 11 to 17, 1 month, and 2 months. Facial function was assessed with the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann systems. Results: Prednisolone and/or valacyclovir did not significantly affect the incidence or intensity of pain during the first 2 months. Pain was registered in 542 (65%) of 829 patients. At 2 months, 53 (8%) of 637 patients still reported pain. Subjects with pain at Days 11 to 17 had lower facial recovery rates at 12 months than those with no pain (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Prednisolone and/or valacyclovir did not affect the incidence or intensity of ipsilateral pain in Bell's palsy. The incidence of pain was similar during the first 2 weeks and then decreased. Presence of pain at Days 11 to 17 indicated a worse prognosis for facial recovery.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Bondemark, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment and patient satisfaction : A systematic review
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 77:1, s. 181-191
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate morphologic stability and patient satisfaction at least 5 years after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Published literature was searched through the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases from 1966 to January 2005. The search was performed by an information specialist at the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The inclusion criteria consisted of a follow-up period of at least 5 years postretention, randomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective clinical controlled studies, and cohort studies, and orthodontic treatment including fixed or removable appliances, selective grinding, or extractions. Two reviewers extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of the studies. Results: The search strategy resulted in 1004 abstracts or full-text articles, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria. Treatment of crowding resulted in successful dental alignment. However, the mandibular arch length and width gradually decreased, and crowding of the lower anterior teeth reoccurred postretention. This condition was unpredictable at the individual level (limited evidence). Treatment of Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion with Herbst appliance normalized the occlusion. Relapse occurred but could not be predicted at the individual level (limited evidence). The scientific evidence was insufficient for conclusions on treatment of cross-bite, Angle Class III, open bite, and various other malocclusions as well as on patient satisfaction in a long-term perspective. Conclusions: This review has exposed the difficulties in drawing meaningful evidence-based conclusions often because of the inherent problems of retrospective and uncontrolled study design. © 2006 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.
|
|
| 47. |
- Dahlgren, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene with body height in adult males from two Swedish population cohorts
- 2008
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:3, s. e1807-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human body height is a complex genetic trait with high heritability. We performed an association study of 17 candidate genes for height in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) that consists of 1153 elderly men of age 70 born in the central region of Sweden. First we genotyped a panel of 137 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) evenly distributed across the candidate genes in the ULSAM cohort. We identified 4 SNPs in the estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) on chromosome 6q25.1 with suggestive signals of association (p<0.05) with standing body height. This result was followed up by genotyping the same 25 SNPs in the ESR1 gene as in ULSAM in a second population cohort, the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort that consist of 507 males and 509 females of age 70 from the same geographical region as ULSAM. One SNP, rs2179922 located in intron 4 of ESR1 showed and association signal (p = 0.0056) in the male samples from the PIVUS cohort. Homozygote carriers of the G-allele of the SNP rs2179922 were on average 0.90 cm taller than individuals with the two other genotypes at this SNP in the ULSAM cohort and 2.3 cm taller in the PIVUS cohort. No association was observed for the females in the PIVUS cohort.
|
|
| 48. |
- Dahlgren, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Planning Rescue Services with Non-Stationary Rescue Units
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 45:3, s. 239-255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geographical accessibility is fundamental when planning rescue services. At present there are several programs for computing the accessibility of stationary rescue units. This study suggests a method for evaluating geographic accessibility in scenarios containing also non-stationary units. The method supports the planning process by matching the risk of an incident occurring with the rescue units’ capabilities and accessibility. The method is implemented in the computer program Rescue Unit Planner. The result of the analysis is presented in thematic maps and graphs as level of coverage, mean response time and concentration. The method and the computer program have been evaluated in two case studies: one urban area in southern Sweden and one rural area in northern Sweden. The case studies show that that this method can be useful in the rescue service planning process.
|
|
| 49. |
- De Oliveira Santos, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Study of 19Na at SPIRAL
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-601X .- 1434-6001. ; 24:2, s. 237-247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excitation function for the elastic-scattering reaction p( 18 Ne, p) 18 Ne was measured with the first radioactive beam from the SPIRAL facility at the GANIL laboratory and with a solid cryogenic hydrogen target. Several broad resonances have been observed, corresponding to new excited states in the unbound nucleus 19 Na. In addition, two-proton emission events have been identified and are discussed.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
