| 1. |
- Alawaji, H., et al.
(författare)
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Implicit integration in soil plasticity under mixed control for drained and undrained response
- 1992
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Ingår i: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. - : Wiley. - 0363-9061 .- 1096-9853. ; 16:10, s. 737-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An algorithm is outlined for the implicit integration of isotropic plasticity models for an arbitrary choice of mixed stress and strain control variables. Drained as well as undrained behaviour is considered. The closest-point-projection method in conjunction with a completely strain-driven format is used in a core algorithm. In the drained case strain response variables are determined via iterations to satisfy equilibrium of prescribed and calculated stresses that correspond to the strain response variables. In the undrained case, on the other hand, strains and pore pressure are determined via simultaneous iterations to satisfy equilibrium and the incompressibility condition. The algorithm is applied to a new generalized cam-clay model, and various iteration techniques are assessed. In particular, Newton iterations which employ the matrix of algorithmic tangent stiffness moduli are shown to compete favourably with more conventional methods.
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| 2. |
- Bergquist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of immunoglobulin G with affinity for dopamine in cerebrospinal fluid from psychotic patients.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Clinica Chimica Acta. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 217:2, s. 129-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, significantly raised concentrations of immunoglobulin G with affinity for the neurotransmitter dopamine were demonstrated in cerebrospinal fluid from psychotic patients. We have varied the antigen presentation in order to find a conjugate with low unspecific binding. The conjugation of dopamine to carbodiimide-activated poly-L-glutamic acid and that to activated succinimide ester of biotin are described. The use of glutaraldehyde conjugation is not recommended because of the risk of formation of tetrahydroisoquinolines. A strong correlation (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) between the results obtained with dopamine conjugated to poly-L-glutamic acid and dopamine conjugated to biotin was observed. Forty-two human cerebrospinal fluid samples from 20 psychotic patients, (12 with a bipolar disorder and 8 with schizophrenia) and 22 control patients, with various neurological diseases but no apparent psychiatric diseases were investigated. A significantly higher incidence (P < 0.001) of antibodies with affinity for dopamine were found in the group of psychotic patients compared with the neurological control group.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Darj, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Liver metabolism during treatment with estradiol and progesterone
- 1993
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Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 7:2, s. 111-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), ceruloplasmin, lipoprotein A and liver enzymes were measured in 30 postmenopausal women treated with 2 mg micronized 17 beta-estradiol daily and micronized progesterone orally in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg daily, as progestogen supplementation. The treatment lasted for 4 months. The serum levels of SHBG and CBG increased during treatment and a weak association between progesterone dosage and CBG was observed. Levels of lipoprotein A and liver enzymes did not change. It is concluded that micronized natural progesterone is an attractive means of progesterone supplementation in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy without any liver-related side-effects.
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| 5. |
- Ekström, L, et al.
(författare)
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Survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period in Gothenburg.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - 0300-9572. ; 27:3, s. 181-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A two-tiered ambulance system with a mobile coronary care unit and standard ambulance has operated in Gothenburg (population 434,000) since 1980. Mass education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) commenced in 1985 and in 1988 semiautomatic defibrillators were introduced. Aim: To describe early and late survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period. Target population: All patients with prehospital cardiac arrest in Gothenburg reached by mobile coronary care unit or standard ambulance between 1980 and 1992.
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| 6. |
- Ekström, L, et al.
(författare)
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Survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period in Göteborg
- 1994
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 27:3, s. 181-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A two-tiered ambulance system with a mobile coronary care unit and standard ambulance has operated in Gothenburg (population 434 000) since 1980. Mass education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) commenced in 1985 and in 1988 semiautomatic defibrillators were introduced. Aim: To describe early and late survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital over a 12-year period. Target population: All patients with prehospital cardiac arrest in Gothenburg reached by mobile coronary care unit or standard ambulance between 1980 and 1992. Results: The number of patients with cardiac arrest remained fairly steady over time. Among patients with witnessed ventricular fibrillation, the time to defibrillation decreased over time. The proportion of patients in whom bystander initiated CPR was increased only moderately over time. The proportion of patients given medication such as lignocaine and adrenaline successively increased. The number of patients with cardiac arrest who were discharged from hospital per year remained steady between 1981 and 1990 (20 per year), but increased during 1991 and 1992 to 41 and 31 respectively. Conclusions: Improvements in the emergency medical service in Gothenburg over a 12-year period have lead to: (1) a shortened delay time between cardiac arrest and first defibrillation and (2) an improved survival of patients with cardiac arrest outside hospital probably explained by this shortened delay time.
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| 7. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation on ventricular fibrillation and survival after witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital
- 1994
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Ingår i: British Heart Journal. - : BMJ Group. - 0007-0769. ; 72:5, s. 408-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE--To describe the proportion of patients who were discharged from hospital after witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital in relation to whether a bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PATIENTS--All patients with witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital before arrival of the ambulance and in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted by the emergency medical service in Gothenburg during 1980-92. RESULTS--Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated by a bystander in 18% (303) of 1,660 cases. In this group 69% had ventricular fibrillation at first recording compared with 51% in the remaining patients (P < 0.001). Among patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been initiated by a bystander 25% were discharged alive versus 8% of the remaining patients (P < 0.001). Independent predictors of survival were in order of significance: initial arrhythmia (P < 0.001), interval between collapse and arrival of first ambulance (P < 0.001), cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiated by a bystander (P < 0.001), and age (P < 0.01). Among patients who were admitted to hospital alive 30% of patients in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been initiated by a bystander compared with 58% of remaining patients (P < 0.001) had brain damage and died in hospital. Corresponding figures for death in association with myocardial damage were 18% and 29% respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS--Cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiated by a bystander maintains ventricular fibrillation and triples the chance of surviving a cardiac arrest outside hospital. Furthermore, it seems to protect against death in association with brain damage as well as with myocardial damage.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Risk indicators for, and symptoms associated with, death among patients hospitalized after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 1994
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Ingår i: Coronary Artery Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 5:5, s. 407-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: An increasing proportion of patients who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are initially successfully resuscitated and thus hospitalized. AIMS: To define risk indicators for, and to describe the mode of, in-hospital death among patients hospitalized after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden. PATIENTS: All patients hospitalized after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1980 and 1992. RESULTS: A total of 707 out of 3434 patients were hospitalized after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, of whom 278 (39%) were discharged alive. Independent risk indicators for in-hospital death were: type of initial arrhythmia on the scene, age, interval between cardiac arrest and arrival of first ambulance, bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation and history of diabetes mellitus. Of the patients who died in hospital, 88% had brain damage and 43% myocardial damage. CONCLUSION: Risk indicators for hospital death can be defined. The majority of in-hospital deaths were associated with brain damage.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Survival in patients found to have ventricular fibrillation after cardiac arrest witnessed outside hospital.
- 1994
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Ingår i: European heart journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 15:12, s. 1628-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1980 an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system with a two-tier ambulance service has been operating in Göteborg. During this 12-year period, all cardiac arrests outside hospital have been monitored. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for the general public began in 1985 and, by the end of 1992, 125 000 persons had been trained. The aim of this study was to define the factors associated with an increased chance of survival after cardiac arrest witnessed out-of-hospital and secondary to ventricular fibrillation. The study group comprises all patients with cardiac arrest witnessed outside hospital in Göteborg between 1980 and 1992, in whom CPR was initiated by our EMS and ventricular fibrillation observed at the first ECG recording. In a multivariate analysis of age, sex, time of collapse, interval between collapse and first defibrillation, bystander-initiated CPR, the following factors were associated with an increased chance of being discharged from hospital: (1) Short interval between collapse and first defibrillation (P < 0.001); (2) Bystander-initiated CPR (P < 0.001); and (3) Age (P < 0.05). Among patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were found by the EMS personnel to have ventricular fibrillation, the predictors of survival were: interval between collapse and defibrillation, bystander-initiated CPR and age.
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| 13. |
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