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- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy for climate stabilization
- 2004
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Ingår i: Bioenergy International. ; :no 9, May, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium accumulation and Salix-based phytoextraction on arable land in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 103:1, s. 207-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium accumulation in arable soils causes concern due to possible direct environmental effects and health risks associated with exposure of humans to cadmium through agricultural products. This paper discusses the problem of cadmium accumulation in Swedish arable land, and evaluates Salix (Salix vinimalis) cultivation as a tool for addressing the problem. It is found that Salix cultivation offers an effective option for addressing the cadmium accumulation, especially when the topsoil has high cadmium content due to anthropogenic inflows, and the subsoil naturally contains little cadmium. The estimated practical potential for Salix-based cadmium management (ca. 490 000 ha) is very large compared to the present Salix plantation area in Sweden (ca. 15 000 ha). However, the estimates of the net economic value of cadmium removal from arable land indicate that the economics of Salix production will not improve dramatically due to an induced cadmium removal. Salix-based cadmium management will therefore most likely take place in counties where Salix cultivation can be expected to expand as a response to an unfilled biomass demand in the energy sector. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced CO2 mitigation costs by multi-functional biomass production
- 2003
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Ingår i: Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. - 9780080442761 ; , s. 1395-1400
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CO2 mitigation cost when biomass replaces fossil fuels depends on several factors, such as the type of fossil fuel replaced, the energy systems involved, induced changes in the biospheric carbon stock, and the intensity and efficiency of the biomass production. Irrigation of energy crops, using nutrient rich municipal wastewater and drainage water, can lead to substantially improved productivity while at the same time addressing pollution of ground water and eutrophication. The cost of the biomass produced in such multifunctional biomass production systems will also be significantly reduced. Previous studies show that the CO2 mitigation cost when fossil fuels are replaced by biomass is often most sensitive to changes in fuel costs. Thus, a significant reduction in the biomass production cost will simultaneously lead to a substantial reduction in the CO2 mitigation cost. This paper shows that the CO2 mitigation cost could be significantly reduced, or even negative, when biomass from willow vegetation systems irrigated by nutrient-rich wastewater is utilised for replacing natural gas for heat and power production.
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- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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International Bioenergy Trade - an Assessment of the Prospects for Large Scale Biofuel Import to Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings presented in The second world conference on biomass for energy, industry and climate protection in Rome May 10-14, 2004.. - 8889407034
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite Swedens large biomass resources and well-established industry using the resource, Swedentoday imports biofuels to meet the demand for biomass energy. There are several incentives stimulating a continued Swedish bioenergy expansion. The purpose of this study is to examine the prospects for large-scale import ofbiomass and biofuels to Sweden, for the supply of alternative transportation fuels. The aim is to illuminate relevant aspects to consider. Based on a literature review and own investigations, we conclude that transportation energy requirements and environmental aspects seem not to present any obstacles to large-scale import of biomass from far away regions. Cost aspects seem more uncertain, and depend on several factors, such as biomass type transported, handling costs and competition for available freight and port capacity. Liquid biofuels fit well within present liquid fuel transportation infrastructure. On the other hand, a strategy involving large scale import of biomass as feedstock for domestic biofuel production may have to handle bottlenecks linked to specialization of ports in certain trade flows and the infrastructure linked to the ports. However, a closer examination of relevant aspects is required before any firm conclusion regarding the prospects for large scale biomass and biofuels import to Sweden can be made.
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- Wolf, Anna, 1976-
(författare)
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Developing efficient industrial systems through increased integration : applications in the forest industry
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The starting point of this work is that it is possible for an industry to increase its product value and simultaneously decrease its use of resources and production of waste material if its material and energy flows are effectively integrated into a larger system. The character and the extent of a company's environmental impact is to a large extent determined in this interaction between companies and other external actors.The objective of this study was to find and evaluate examples of integration in the Swedish forest industry, and to develop an approach for initiating integration. The results are based on socio-technical case studies, and functionality, organisation and development of integrated systems have been addressed. The types of integration discussed are integrated biofuel upgrading, material and energy exchange between industries and/ or community, and the possibility to initiate the development of a local industrial ecosystem. It is argued that a certain degree of integration exists within the forest industry today, and in the cases studied here the integration is considered fruitful from the companies' point of view. Some means of improvement are suggested in the systems studied and it is confirmed that these can give environmental advantages.The human dimensions of increased integration are discussed, and it is seen that the conditions for implementation differ depending on the type of system considered. The most important conditions common for all systems are a positive attitude from the companies involved and a willingness to act. One factor that can have both a positive and a negative impact is if the company is part of a larger group. With regard to the integration of biofuel upgrading, it is seen that it is important to show that the biofuel combine is a way to develop the company in its strategic direction. Important factors for the development of a local industrial ecosystem were local roots and good knowledge of the system. Lack of resources, imperfect environmental regulations, time frames and the risks involved when adopting new technologies were among the barriers identified.
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