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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bower, K. N., et al.
(författare)
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The Great Dun Fell experiment 1995 : An overview
- 1999
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - 0169-8095. ; 50:3-4, s. 151-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During March and April of 1995 a major international field project was conducted at the UMIST field station site on Great Dun Fell in Cumbria, Northern England. The hill cap cloud which frequently envelopes this site was used as a natural flow through reactor to examine the sensitivity of the cloud microphysics to the aerosol entering the cloud and also to investigate the effects of the cloud in changing the aerosol size distribution, chemical composition and associated optical properties. To investigate these processes, detailed measurements of the cloud water chemistry (including the chemistry of sulphur compounds, organic and inorganic oxidised nitrogen and ammonia), cloud microphysics and properties of the aerosol and trace gas concentrations upwind and downwind of the cap cloud were undertaken. It was found that the cloud droplet number was generally strongly correlated to aerosol number concentration, with up to 2000 activated droplets cm-3 being observed in the most polluted conditions. In such conditions it was inferred that hygroscopic organic compounds were important in the activation process. Often, the size distribution of the aerosol was substantially modified by the cloud processing, largely due to the aqueous phase oxidation of S(IV) to sulphate by hydrogen peroxide, but also through the uptake and fixing of gas phase nitric acid as nitrate, increasing the calculated optical scattering of the aerosol substantially (by up to 24%). New particle formation was also observed in the ultrafine aerosol mode (at about 5 nm) downwind of the cap cloud, particularly in conditions of low total aerosol surface area and in the presence of ammonia and HCl gases. This was seen to occur at night as well as during the day via a mechanism which is not yet understood. The implications of these results for parameterising aerosol growth in Global Climate Models are explored.
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| 6. |
- Van, den Berg M, et al.
(författare)
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Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife
- 1998
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Ingår i: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES. - : US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. ; 106:12, s. 775-792
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Stockholm on 15-18 June 1997. The objective of this meeting was to derive consensus toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and diben
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| 10. |
- BLOMGREN, J, et al.
(författare)
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SEARCH FOR DOUBLE GAMOW-TELLER STRENGTH BY HEAVY-ION DOUBLE-CHARGE-EXCHANGE
- 1995
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Ingår i: PHYSICS LETTERS B. - 0370-2693. ; 362:1-4, s. 34-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have carried out a search for double Gamow-Teller excitations, employing the Mg-24(O-18,Ne-18)Ne-24 reaction at 100 and 76 MeV/nucleon at NSCL-MSU and GANIL, respectively, The cross sections for low-lying excitations are typically a few nb/sr, providin
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| 15. |
- Berg, M, et al.
(författare)
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A compact range telescope for K+ measurements
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - 0168-9002. ; 381:2-3, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present range telescopes for measurements of low energy K+ mesons together with first in-beam results. The hardware trigger, based on the observation of the mu(+) from the K+ --> mu(-) + nu(mu) decay channel, is designed for subthreshold hadron-nucleus
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Egholm, M., et al.
(författare)
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PNA HYBRIDIZES TO COMPLEMENTARY OLIGONUCLEOTIDES OBEYING THE WATSON-CRICK HYDROGEN-BONDING RULES
- 1993
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 365:6446, s. 566-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA ANALOGUES are currently being intensely investigated owing to their potential as gene-targeted drugs1-3. Furthermore, their properties and interaction with DNA and RNA could provide a better understanding of the structural features of natural DNA that determine its unique chemical, biological and genetic properties3,4. We recently designed a DNA analogue, PNA, in which the backbone is structurally homomorphous with the deoxyribose backbone and consists of N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine units to which the nucleobases are attached5-9. We showed that PNA oligomers containing solely thymine and cytosine can hybridize to complementary oligonucleotides, presumably by forming Watson-Crick-Hoogsteen (PNA)2-DNA triplexes, which are much more stable than the corresponding DNA-DNA duplexes5-7, and bind to double-stranded DNA by strand displacement5,8. We report here that PNA containing all four natural nucleobases hybridizes to complementary oligonucleotides obeying the Watson-Crick base-pairing rules, and thus is a true DNA mimic in terms of base-pair recognition.
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| 18. |
- Elmer, R, et al.
(författare)
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K+ emission in symmetric heavy ion reactions at subthreshold energies
- 1996
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. ; 77:24, s. 4884-4886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subthreshold K+ production cross sections have been measured in symmetric Ne + NaF, Ni + Ni, and Au + Au collisions at 1.0A GeV. The mass dependence is strong, close to A(2). The angular distributions are nonisotropic in the center-of-mass system. Introdu
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hammar, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on the postural balance among postmenopausal women
- 1996
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0029-7844 .- 1873-233X. ; 88:6, s. 955-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To establish whether hormone replacement therapy affects postural balance in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Nineteen healthy postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms were included. Median age was 54 years, median time since menopause was 3 years. They underwent dynamic posturography before and after 4 and 12 weeks of transdermal estrogen treatment (17 beta-estradiol 50 micrograms/day) as well as after 2 additional weeks of combined estrogen-progestagen treatment. The dynamic posturography method quantifies the amplitude, frequency, and pattern of body sway and tests the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems, which together maintain balance. The two most difficult tests either cancel visual and distort somatosensory inputs or give distorted information from both the visual and somatosensory systems. RESULTS: Hormone replacement therapy increased static balance performance assessed by dynamic posturography. A highly significant improvement was seen in the two most difficult tests between the pretreatment test and the test performed after 4 weeks of estrogen therapy (P < .01, P < .001, respectively). This improvement was sustained after 12 weeks and also during the 14th week, with the women on combined estrogen-progestagen treatment. CONCLUSION: Estrogen treatment increased balance performance measured by dynamic posturography, indicating that the beneficial effects from estrogens on postmenopausal fracture risk may include central nervous system effects on balance. Two weeks' addition of gestagen to the treatment regimen did not counteract the estrogen effects.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Massarotti, V, et al.
(författare)
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LiMn2O4 low-temperature phase: synchrotron and neutron diffraction study
- 1999
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0021-8898. ; 32, s. 1186-1189
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The structural evolution of LiMn2O4 spinel was followed from 320 K down to 10 K. The structural transformation, recently studied down to 230 K [Rodriguez-Carvajal, Rousse, Masquelier & Hervieu (1998). Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4660-4663], takes place near room
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Pontén, F, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular pathology in basal cell cancer with p53 as a genetic marker.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 15:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human basal cell cancer (BCC) has unique growth characteristics with virtual inability to metastasize. We investigated clonality and genetic progression using p53 mutations as marker. Sampling was done through microdissection of frozen immunohistochemically stained 16 microm slices of tumors. From 11 BCC tumors 78 samples were analysed. Direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8 was performed, haplotypes were determined after cloning of p53 exons and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) ascertained by microsatellite analysis. All tumors had p53 mutations and in a majority both p53 alleles were affected, commonly through missense mutations. Microdissection of small parts (50-100 cells) of individual tumors showed BCC to be composed of a dominant cell clone and prone to genetic progression with appearance of subclones with a second and even third p53 mutation. Samples from normal immunohistochemically negative epidermis always showed wild type sequence, except for a case of previously unknown germline p53 mutation. Our analysis also included p53 immunoreactive patches i.e. morphologically normal epidermis with a compact pattern of p53 immunoreactivity. Mutations within those were never the same as in the adjacent BCC. This detailed study of only one gene thus uncovered a remarkable heterogeneity within a tumor category famous for its benign clinical behavior.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ren, Z. P., et al.
(författare)
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Benign clonal keratinocyte patches with p53 mutations show no genetic link to synchronous squamous cell precancer or cancer in human skin
- 1997
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : American Society for Investigative Pathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 150:5, s. 1791-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultraviolet light, which is the major etiology of human skin cancer, will cause mutations in the p53 gene. We and others have found that such mutations occur in more than one-half of non-melanoma squamous cell cancer and precancer. Immunostaining for p53 has disclosed a characteristic compact pattern not only in cancer/precancer but also in areas of microscopically normal epidermis termed p53 patches. By microdissection, sequence analysis of the p53 gene, and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the site of this gene, we have now extended previous data to ascertain whether these p53 patches are precursors of simultaneously present squamous cell cancer or its morphologically recognized precancerous stages (dysplasia, carcinoma in situ). In none of 11 instances with co-existence of a p53 patch with dysplasia or in situ or invasive cancer were the mutations identical. We conclude that p53 patches, estimated to be approximately 100,000 times as common as dysplasia, have a very small or even no precancerous potential. Their common presence demonstrates that human epidermis contains a large number of p53 mutations apparently without detrimental effect. The only result of the mutation may be a clandestine benign clonal keratinocyte proliferation. The importance of p53 mutations for such benign cell multiplication on one band and malignant transformation on the other is unclear. Although the spectrum, type, and multiplicity of mutations were similar in both types of proliferative responses, there was a clear difference with respect to LOH. No LOH was found in 17 p53 patches. By contrast 11 of 30 precancers/cancers had LOH.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Sun, L C, et al.
(författare)
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Binuclear ruthenium-manganese complexes as simple artificial models for photosystem II in green plants
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 119:30, s. 6996-7004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a project aimed at developing models for photosystem II (PSII) in green plants, we have prepared a series of model compounds (7, 8, and 13). In these compounds, a photosensitizer, ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) complex (to mimic the function of P-680 in PSII), was covalently linked to a manganese(II) ion through different bridging ligands. The structures of the compounds were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The interaction between the ruthenium and manganese moieties within the complex was probed by steady-state and time-resolved emission measurements. When the binuclear complexes are exposed to flash photolysis in the presence of an electron acceptor such as methylviologen (MV2+), it could be shown that after the initial electron transfer from the excited state of Ru(II) in compound 7, forming Ru(III) and MV+., an intramolecular electron transfer from coordinated Mn(II) to the photogenerated Ru(III) occurred with a first-order rate constant of 1.8 x 10(5) s(-1), regenerating Ru(II). This is believed to be the first supramolecular system where a manganese complex has been used as an electron donor to a photo-oxidized photosensitizer, Possible extensions to develop the manganese donor, and thus to approach the function of reaction center in PSII, are indicated.
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| 34. |
- Abdel-Motal, Ussama M., et al.
(författare)
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Major histocompatibility complex class I binding glycopeptides for the estimation of 'empty' class I molecules
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1759. ; 188:1, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different forms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chains are known to be expressed on the cell surface, including molecules which are functionally 'empty'. Direct peptide binding to cells is obvious during sensitization of target cells in vitro for cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing and 'empty' MHC-I molecules are comparatively abundant on TAP- 1 2 peptide transporter mutant cells. In the present work we have estimated the fraction of 'empty' MHC class I molecules using glycosylated peptides and cellular staining with carbohydrate specific monoclonal antibodies. Synthetic Db and Kb binding peptides were coupled at different positions with different di- or trisaccharides, using different spacing between the carbohydrate and the peptide backbone. Binding of sugar specific mAbs was compared in ELISA and cellular assays. An optimal Db binding glycopeptide was used for comparative staining with anti-Db and anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies to estimate fractions of 'empty' molecules on different T lymphoid cells. On activated normal T cells, a large fraction of Db molecules were found to be 'empty'. The functional cole of such 'empty' MHC class I molecules on T cells is presently unclear. However, on antigen presenting cells they might participate in the antigen presentation process.
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| 43. |
- Baert, L, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Fluorescence Diagnosis of Human Bladder-carcinoma Following Low-dose Photofrin Injection
- 1993
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Ingår i: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1527-9995 .- 0090-4295. ; 41:4, s. 322-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A point-monitoring fluorescence diagnostic system based on a low-energy pulsed laser, fiber transmission optics, and an optical multichannel analyzer was used for diagnosis of patients with bladder malignancies. Twenty-four patients with bladder carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and/or dysplasia were injected with hematoporphyrin derivative, Photofrin, 0.35 or 0.5 mg/kg body weight, forty-eight hours prior to the investigation. The ratio between the red sensitizer emission and the bluish tissue autofluorescence provided excellent demarcation between papillary tumors and normal bladder wall. Certain cases of dysplasia also could be differentiated from normal mucosa. Benign exophytic lesions such as malakoplakia appeared different from malignant tumors in fluorescence. Flat suspicious bladder mucosa such as seen in infectious diseases or after radiation therapy appeared normal on fluorescence.
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| 44. |
- Berg, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Beneficial effects of ACTH on the serum lipoprotein profile and glomerular function in patients with membranous nephropathy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1755 .- 0085-2538. ; 56:4, s. 1534-1543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that short-term treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has a strong and rapid lipid-lowering effect. In this long-term study of nephrotic patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, the influence of ACTH on the serum lipoprotein profile and glomerular function as well as the dose-effect relationship was investigated. METHODS: Fourteen patients received ACTH intramuscularly at increasing doses during 56 days. Serum concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as well as variables of glomerular function were analyzed, and the side-effects were recorded. ACTH treatment, in the estimated optimal dosage, was then continued in five patients with severe steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. In these five patients, the total treatment period was 12 months, and the follow-up time after discontinuing treatment was 18 months. RESULTS: Taking both the statistically significant therapeutic effects and the modest side-effects into consideration, the optimal dosage of ACTH was estimated to be 1 mg twice per week. At that dose, reductions by 30 to 60% in the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a) were observed, whereas the serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI rose by 30 to 40%. In addition, the urinary albumin excretion decreased by 90%, and the glomerular filtration rate increased by 25%. Deterioration was observed in all cases when ACTH was discontinued after a treatment duration of 56 days. However, the five patients in whom ACTH therapy was resumed were still in remission 18 months after discontinuance of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In nephrotic patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, treatment with ACTH 1 mg twice per week was associated with significant long-term improvements in serum lipoprotein pattern and glomerular function.
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| 45. |
- Berg, Cecilia, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Direct solid-phase sequence analysis of the human p53 gene by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction and alpha-thiotriphosphate nucleotides.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 41:10, s. 1461-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the candidate cancer-prognostic genes is the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which, when mutated, plays an important role in the development of many types of cancers. To facilitate robust large-scale DNA analysis of microdissected tumor biopsies, we describe a multiplex/nested PCR approach for a simultaneous outer amplification of exons 4-9 of the human p53 gene with parallel amplification of the HLA-DQB1 locus, involving a total of 14 primers. This approach reduces the required number of cells for analysis and avoids any variation in the amplifications of the individual p53 exons during the common outer amplification step. The HLA sequencing allows sample identification because the DQB1 locus is highly polymorphic and is thereby patient-specific. The p53 and HLA amplicons are analyzed by solid-phase sequencing in a semiautomated format. To improve the DNA sequence quality, we used 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-O-1-thiotriphosphates in the sequencing reactions.
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| 46. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Sources of bias in a dietary survey of children.
- 1998
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - 0954-3007. ; 52:9, s. 663-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare non-responders and responders to a dietary survey with respect to demographic variables and intention to choose selected breakfast foods, and to examine if there was any systematic change in number of food items reported during a 7 d recording period. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Mölndal, Sweden. SUBJECTS: All pupils in 5th, 7th and 9th grades in the municipality were asked to complete a questionnaire during school hours. All those present (n = 1584, 92% of total) answered questions about lifestyle factors and about intentions, attitudes and beliefs concerning high-fibre bread and milk with varying fat content. All subjects in the initial sample were asked to fill in a 7 d record of food consumed. Acceptable food records were completed by 69% of the initial participants. RESULTS: Subjects not completing the food record differed significantly from participants with respect to demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors. Dropout was more common among those who reported not usually eating breakfast and among those intending to drink whole milk for breakfast. A decline in reported food items during the recording period was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Two sources of bias were observed here, one indicating significant differences between non-participants and participants, the other suggesting the presence of a time-dependent trend in number of recorded foods. It is likely such biases are present in other dietary surveys involving schoolchildren, and should be taken into consideration in the design, analysis and interpretation of such studies.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Berg, LM, et al.
(författare)
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The infinite island model with sex-differentiated gene flow
- 1998
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Ingår i: HEREDITY. - 0018-067X. ; 81, s. 63-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identity measures are derived for the infinite island model with separate sexes and sex-differentiated contribution to gene flow. The concept of effective migration rate, m(e), is introduced, which describes the genetically effective flow when sexes migra
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