| 1. |
- Baard, Patrik, 1981-
(author)
-
Ethics in biodiversity conservation
- 2021. - 1
-
Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This book examines the role of ethics and philosophy in biodiversity conservation.The objective of this book is two-fold: on the one hand it offers a detailed and systematic account of central normative concepts often used, but rarely explicated nor justified, within conservation biology. Such concepts include ‘values’ (both intrinsic, instrumental, and, more recently, relational), ‘rights’, and ‘duties’. The second objective is to emphasize to environmental philosophers and applied ethicists the many interesting decision-making challenges of biodiversity conservation. The book argues that a nuanced account of instrumental values provides a powerful tool for reasoning about the values of biodiversity. It also scrutinizes relational values, the concept of rights of nature, and risk, and show how moral philosophy proves indispensable for these concepts. Consequently, it engages with recent suggestions on normative aspects of biodiversity conservation, and show the need for moral philosophy in biodiversity conservation. The overriding aim of this book is to provide conservation biologists and policy-makers with a systematic overview of concepts and assessments of the reasons for reaching prescriptive conclusions about biodiversity conservation. This will prove instrumental in clarifying the role of applied ethics and a refined understanding of the tools it can provide.This title will be of interest to students and scholars of conservation biology, conservation policy, environmental ethics and environmental philosophy.
|
|
| 2. |
- Baard, Patrik, 1981-
(author)
-
Fundamental challenges for rights of nature
- 2021
-
In: Rights of Nature. - Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge explorations in environmental studies : Routledge. - 9781000386103 - 9780367479596 ; , s. 156-175
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years many actors have investigated the possibilities of strengthening legal environmental protection by making appeals to the rights of nature. Such rights have also been legally encoded in some countries. This chapter will critically investigate whether it is reasonable to ascribe moral or legal rights to nature. With support from moral and legal philosophy, different propositions in support of rights of nature will be tested to see if reasonable responses can be formulated against objections. If not, the position that nature has rights may ultimately have to be rejected, or at the very least become questionable. It will be suggested that all the investigated propositions require one to commit to one or several of the following shortcomings: rejecting conventional properties of rights-holders; accepting conventional properties but suggesting that natural objects and processes have those properties; accepting conflicting claims between rights of natural entities and human rights; or trivializing the notion of rights. Committing to any of these has significant intellectual and practical costs, and ultimately it will be proposed that the view that nature has rights ought to be rejected.
|
|
| 3. |
- Baard, Patrik, 1981-
(author)
-
Knowledge, participation, and the future : Epistemic quality in energy scenario construction
- 2021
-
In: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 75
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Constructing energy scenarios is traditionally an endeavour driven by experts. I suggest that an outcome of relying solely on expertise is incompleteness. Moreover, expertise, while being a necessary condition, is not a sufficient condition for epistemic quality and normative legitimacy of energy scenarios given the scope of transitions that energy scenarios entail, which includes substantial societal repercussions. Four reasons will be provided for wide participation when constructing energy scenarios. First, there are several forecasting shortcomings of top-down approaches. Second, to rely solely on expertise provides incomplete conceptualizations of energy and central concepts such as ‘smartness’, in addition to neglecting normative views. Third, increased epistemic quality is an outcome of wide participation. A fourth reason is derived from the argument of inductive risks, stating that thresholds of evidence should reflect the potential outcomes if erroneously corroborating or rejecting a hypothesis. As energy scenarios provide input to decision-making having potentially large societal impact, they ought to be both normatively legitimate as well as of sufficient epistemic quality, components provided by wide participation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Melin, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Energiscenarier och rättvisa : Uppfattningar om rättvisefrågor relaterade till energi- produktion och -konsumtion samt energiscenarier inom svensk politik och svenska myndigheter
- 2021
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Denna populärvetenskapliga rapport redogör för de viktigaste empiriska resultaten från den första delen (work package 1) av projektet ’Energiscenarier och rättvisa – en fallstudie av Sve-rige’, vilken genomfördes år 2020. Resultaten kommer att analyseras ytterligare med avsikt att publicera dem i vetenskapliga tidskrifter. Projektet i sin helhet pågår år 2020-2022. Under projektets andra del (work package 2) som pågår år 2021-2022 kommer vi att genomföra fokusgrupper som syftar till att bedöma energiscenarier ur ett rättviseperspektiv. Deltagare kommer att vara olika intressenter såsom politiker, tjänstemän och representanter för frivillig-organisationer. Ytterligare två populärvetenskapliga rapporter baserade på projektets andra del kommer att författas. Projektet beviljades medel av Energimyndigheten inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet Människa, Energisystem och Samhälle (MESAM). Det övergripande syftet med projektet är att utveckla metoder och riktlinjer för deltagan-de scenarier som på ett systematiskt sätt kan integrera frågor som rör nationell, global och intergenerationell rättvisa. Projektets första del syftar till att ge en översikt av rättviseuppfatt-ningar i den politiska och administrativa kontexten för energiscenarier. Vi har genomfört en analys av riksdagsmotioner för att förstå vilka explicita och implicita rättviseuppfattningar som dominerar i dessa dokument. För att skapa en bredare bild av rättviseuppfattningar relaterade till energiscenarier inom svensk politik och svenska myndigheter har vi dessutom intervjuat politiker och tjänstemän på nationell nivå och inom region Skåne.
|
|
