| 1. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 4. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 5. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hassan, Sameer, et al.
(författare)
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Computational approach identifies protein off-targets for Isoniazid-NAD adduct: hypothesizing a possible drug resistance mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0739-1102 .- 1538-0254. ; 38:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isoniazid is an important antitubercular molecule identified as a drug of choice in tuberculosis treatment. As such, INH is an inactive prodrug; it acquires an active conformation by forming an adduct with NAD. The adduct targets inhA protein, a reductase responsible for fatty acid chain elongation in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistance to INH is majorly contributed by mutations in inhA, katG and geneic and non-geneic regions associated with efflux genes. Despite being widespread, the mechanism of resistance remains unknown in similar to 15% of INH-resistant strains. Studies report that an intracellular increase in NADH concentration prevents inhA inhibition, leading to INH resistance. In the pursuit of finding possible resistance mechanisms, we set out to find NAD binding proteins to explore similarities in structure and NAD binding property of these proteins with that of inhA. We identified 172 NAD binding proteins, of which 53 were identified to have sequence or structural similarity to inhA. By performing docking analysis on selected proteins, we identified INH-adduct to have good binding affinity despite very minimal structural similarity to inhA. This analysis was further supported by principal component analysis, which identified 65 proteins with NAD binding conformation similar to that of inhA. These findings prompt us to hypothesize that upon exposure to INH, bacteria tries to reduce inhA susceptibility by inducing expression of these NAD binding proteins through increase in NADH concentration. This in turn favours off-target binding and leads to decreased binding and potency of INH, thus contributing indirectly to INH resistance.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hoseini-Athar, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure, texture, and strain-hardening behavior of extruded Mg-Gd-Zn alloys
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Zn content on the microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and strain-hardening behavior of extruded Mg-2Gd-xZn (x = 0, 1, 2 and 3 wt%) sheets was investigated. Evaluation of texture revealed that while all of the alloys exhibited weak textures, the texture component was altered from a basal to a non-basal one by the addition of Zn. A typical transverse direction (TD) split texture with basal poles rotated about 40 degrees from the normal direction (ND) toward TD was observed for the Zn-containing alloys, the effect being more pronounced at higher Zn contents. Furthermore, the Mg-2Gd-1Zn alloy exhibited the weakest texture due to solute drag imposed by co-segregation of Zn and Gd atoms at grain boundaries. Addition of Zn also resulted in a general increase in yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and elongation along the extrusion direction from 99 to 172 MPa, 178 to 263 MPa, and 25 to 35% for Mg-2Gd and Mg-2Gd-3Zn alloys, respectively. However, increasing Zn content was accompanied by an initial decrease in anisotropy of mechanical properties and strain-hardening behavior, followed by an increase at higher Zn contents. This was due to the difference of orientation of basal planes with regard to tension direction. As a result, lower yield stress, higher elongation and strain-hardening capacity was obtained along TD (with higher Schmid factor for basal slip) compared to ED. It was concluded that excellent mechanical properties and low anisotropy can be achieved in the Mg-2Gd-1Zn alloy.
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| 17. |
- Shanmugam, V., et al.
(författare)
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Potential natural polymer-based nanofibres for the development of facemasks in countering viral outbreaks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 138:27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly increased the demand for facemasks as a measure to reduce the rapid spread of the pathogen. Throughout the pandemic, some countries such as Italy had a monthly demand of ca. 90 million facemasks. Domestic mask manufacturers are capable of manufacturing 8 million masks each week, although the demand was 40 million per week during March 2020. This dramatic increase has contributed to a spike in the generation of facemask waste. Facemasks are often manufactured with synthetic materials that are non-biodegradable, and their increased usage and improper disposal are raising environmental concerns. Consequently, there is a strong interest for developing biodegradable facemasks made with for example, renewable nanofibres. A range of natural polymer-based nanofibres has been studied for their potential to be used in air filter applications. This review article examines potential natural polymer-based nanofibres along with their filtration and antimicrobial capabilities for developing biodegradable facemask that will promote a cleaner production.
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| 18. |
- Wilson, Stephanie J., et al.
(författare)
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Global subterranean estuaries modify groundwater nutrient loading to the ocean
- 2024
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Ingår i: Limnology And Oceanography Letters. - 2378-2242.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terrestrial groundwater travels through subterranean estuaries before reaching the sea. Groundwater-derived nutrients drive coastal water quality, primary production, and eutrophication. We determined how dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are transformed within subterranean estuaries and estimated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) nutrient loads compiling > 10,000 groundwater samples from 216 sites worldwide. Nutrients exhibited complex, nonconservative behavior in subterranean estuaries. Fresh groundwater DIN and DIP are usually produced, and DON is consumed during transport. Median total SGD (saline and fresh) fluxes globally were 5.4, 2.6, and 0.18 Tmol yr−1 for DIN, DON, and DIP, respectively. Despite large natural variability, total SGD fluxes likely exceed global riverine nutrient export. Fresh SGD is a small source of new nutrients, but saline SGD is an important source of mostly recycled nutrients. Nutrients exported via SGD via subterranean estuaries are critical to coastal biogeochemistry and a significant nutrient source to the oceans.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Dhanabalan, D., et al.
(författare)
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Studies on Schottky Barrier Diodes Fabricated using Single-Crystal Wafers of β-Ga2O3 Grown by the Optical Floating Zone Technique
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- β-Ga2O3 is one of the most promising wide-bandgap materials for optoelectronic applications as well as a conducting substrate for GaN-based device technologies. Single crystals of undoped β-Ga2O3 are grown by the optical floating zone technique utilizing compressed dry air as growth atmosphere. The properties of β-Ga2O3 are highly anisotropic. Optimization of the processing recipe for wafers along different orientations suitable for device development is conducted. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of the wafers are determined. Efforts are made to fabricate Schottky diodes based on Pt/Ti/Au–β-Ga2O3–Ti/Au device structures. Devices are fabricated on (−201) cut wafers. The device characteristics are discussed in detail.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Khossossi, Nabil, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Possibility of beta-Phase Arsenic-Phosphorus Polymorph Monolayer as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Theory and Simulations. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2513-0390. ; 3:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite anode have shown commercial success for over two decades, since the start of their use in commercial Li-ion batteries, due to their high practical specific capacity, conductivity, and low lithiation potential. Graphite is to a large extent thermodynamically unfavorable for sodium-ion intercalation and thus limits advancement in Na-ion batteries. In this work, a beta-phase arsenic-phosphorus monolayer is studied, which has recently been predicted to have semiconducting behavior and to be dynamically stable. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are used to explore the role of beta-AsP monolayer as a negative electrode for Na-ion batteries. Cohesive energy, phonon spectrum, and molecule dynamics simulations confirm the thermodynamic stability and the possibility of experimentally synthesizing this material. The Na-ion adsorption-energies are found to be high (>-1.2 eV) on both sides (As- and P-side). The ultra-fast energy barriers for Na (0.046/0.053 V) over both sides imply high diffusion of Na-ions on the surfaces of beta-AsP. During the evaluation of Na-ion anode performance, the fully sodiated state is found to be Na2AsP, which yields a high theoretical-specific capacity of 506.16 mAh g(-1)and low average sodiation potential of 0.43 V versus Na/Na+.
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| 24. |
- Liu, Jianling, et al.
(författare)
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Small-angle neutron scattering study on phase separation in a super duplex stainless steel at 300°C-Comparing hot-rolled and TIG welded material
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 190, s. 112044-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of nanoscale phase separation in the ferrite phase of super duplex stainless steel 25Cr 7Ni (wt%) (SDSS 2507) and two SDSS TIG (tungsten inert gas) weldments have been quantitatively investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The results show that the phase separation is more pronounced in the SDSS weldments in comparison to the base metal SDSS 2507, especially after aging for 35,000 h at 300 °C. These results correlate with the higher ferrite micro-hardness in the aged TIG weldments than in the SDSS 2507. The enhanced phase separation is partly due to the higher contents of Cr and Ni in the ferrite of TIG weldments compared to SDSS 2507 base metal, revealed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, the residual strain measurements through focused ion beam and digital image correlation (FIB-DIC), indicate larger residual strains in the ferrite of weldments than in the base metal SDSS 2507. This is also believed to contribute to the enhanced phase separation.
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| 25. |
- Mamidala, Santhosh Babu
(författare)
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Effects of free-stream turbulence and three-dimensional roughness on boundary layer transition
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- External disturbances such as free-stream turbulence (FST), and isolated three-dimensional roughness are strong disturbance sources to the laminar boundary layers (BLs), which can lead to a rapid transition to turbulence. The transition process eventuates to increase in skin-friction coefficient and heat transfer rate and hence, both of the aforementioned disturbance sources have practical importance. The current thesis is an experimental work, with investigations carried out in low-turbulence wind-tunnels to study the influence of these disturbance sources on boundary layer transition. Today, in FST transition, it is known that the turbulence intensity and the streamwise integral length scale in the free stream are the two influential characteristics that decide the transition onset, location and the extent. Unsteady, elongated streaks in the streamwise direction dominate this scenario, whose amplitudes and spanwise scales are set by the FST conditions prevalent at the leading edge (LE). In reality, a LE is unavoidable and the influence of the inherent LE pressure gradient region on BL transition was always doubted and not investigated in detail. The first part of the current thesis explores the FST transition scenario for a wide range of FST conditions and pressure gradients providing an input to the future transition prediction models. An important result in this thesis is that the entire energy spectrum needs to be known if an accurate prediction of the transition onset is desired, i.e. the LE condition in terms of characteristic length scale and turbulence intensity is not sufficient. In the second part, isolated roughness-induced transition is investigated thoroughly by changing the roughness height in micrometer precision at various diameters. In the previous experimental studies, the investigations were performed by altering the free-stream velocity at a fixed aspect ratio and hence modifying the base flow. In contrast, here, the aspect ratio of the roughness element is altered in an extensive range and the influence of the aspect ratio on the roughness Reynolds number that causes transition is studied without affecting the base flow. Instabilities that occur prior to the transition onset were examined in detail by performing flow visualization experiments. Moreover, interaction of secondary disturbances like Tollmien-Schlichting waves with the roughness was investigated.
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| 26. |
- Moparthi, Lavanya, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium activates purified human TRPA1 with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain in the absence of calmodulin
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell Calcium. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4160 .- 1532-1991. ; 90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular influx of calcium or release of calcium from intracellular stores have been shown to activate mammalian TRPA1 as well as to sensitize and desensitize TRPA1 electrophilic activation. Calcium binding sites on both intracellular N- and C-termini have been proposed. Here, we demonstrate based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bilayer patch-clamp studies, a direct calmodulin-independent action of calcium on the purified human TRPA1 (hTRPA1), causing structural changes and activation without immediate subsequent desensitization of hTRPA1 with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (N-ARD). Thus, calcium alone activates hTRPA1 by a direct interaction with binding sites outside the N-ARD.
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| 27. |
- Pandya, Sharnil, Researcher, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Federated learning for smart cities : A comprehensive survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. - : Elsevier. - 2213-1388 .- 2213-1396. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advent of new technologies such as the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), big data, fog computing, and edge computing, smart city applications have suffered from issues, such as leakage of confidential and sensitive information. To envision smart cities, it will be necessary to integrate federated learning (FL) with smart city applications. FL integration with smart city applications can provide privacy preservation and sensitive information protection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the current and future developments of FL for smart cities. Furthermore, we highlight the societal, industrial, and technological trends driving FL for smart cities. Then, we discuss the concept of FL for smart cities, and numerous FL integrated smart city applications, including smart transportation systems, smart healthcare, smart grid, smart governance, smart disaster management, smart industries, and UAVs for smart city monitoring, as well as alternative solutions and research enhancements for the future. Finally, we outline and analyze various research challenges and prospects for the development of FL for smart cities.
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| 28. |
- Selvavinayagam, Sivaprakasam T., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and novel mutations of omicron subvariant XBB in Tamil Nadu, India - a cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia. - : ELSEVIER. - 2772-3682. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Despite the continued vaccination efforts, there had been a surge in breakthrough infections, and the emergence of the B.1.1.529 omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in India. There is a paucity of information globally on the role of newer XBB variants in community transmission. Here, we investigated the mutational patterns among hospitalised patients infected with the XBB omicron sub-variant, and checked if there was any association between the rise in the number of COVID-19 cases and the observed novel mutations in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients were subjected to real-time PCR followed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to rule out the ambiguity of mutations in viruses isolated from the patients (n = 98). Using the phylogenetic association, the mutational patterns were used to corroborate clinico-demographic characteristics and disease severity among the patients. Findings Overall, we identified 43 mutations in the S gene across 98 sequences, of which two were novel mutations (A27S and T747I) that have not been reported previously with XBB sub-variants in the available literature. Additionally, the XBB sequences from our cohort had more mutations than omicron B.1.1.529. The phylogenetic analysis comprising six major branches clearly showed convergent evolution of XBB. Our data suggests that age, and underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease) or secondary complications confers increased susceptibility to infection rather than vaccination status or prior exposure. Many vaccinated individuals showed evidence of a breakthrough infection, with XBB.3 being the predominant variant identified in the study population. Interpretation Our study indicates that the XBB variant is highly evasive from available vaccines and may be more transmissible, and potentially could emerge as the 'next' predominant variant, which likely could overwhelm the existing variants of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants.Funding National Health Mission (India), SIDA SARC, VINNMER (Sweden), ORIP/NIH (USA).Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 29. |
- Vasamsetti, Sathish Babu, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitor-derived adipose tissue-resident macrophages contributes to insulin resistance after myocardial infarction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 12:553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with insulin resistance have high risk of cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is not known whether MI can initiate or aggravate insulin resistance. We observed that patients with ST-elevation MI and mice with MI had de novo hyperglycemia and features of insulin resistance, respectively. In mouse models of both myocardial and skeletal muscle injury, we observed that the number of visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-resident macrophages decreased because of apoptosis after these distant organ injuries. Patients displayed a similar decrease in VAT-resident macrophage numbers and developed systemic insulin resistance after ST-elevation MI. Loss of VAT-resident macrophages after MI injury led to systemic insulin resistance in non-diabetic mice. Danger signaling-associated protein high mobility group box 1 was released by the dead myocardium after MI in rodents and triggered macrophage apoptosis via Toll-like receptor 4. The VAT-resident macrophage population in the steady state in mice was transcriptomically distinct from macrophages in the brain, skin, kidney, bone marrow, lungs, and liver and was derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells just after birth. Mechanistically, VAT-resident macrophage apoptosis and de novo insulin resistance in mouse models of MI were linked to diminished concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and adiponectin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of adipose tissue-resident macrophages in sensing remote organ injury and promoting MI pathogenesis.
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| 30. |
- Yildiz, Ahmet Bahadir, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis, structure, and stability of novel multi-principal element (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C ceramic with a miscibility gap
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 42:11, s. 4429-4435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we design a novel multi-principal element carbide system (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C with a miscibility gap using computational tools and report on the formation of a single-phase (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C after spark plasma sintering. The (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C shows high nanohardness (32.7 GPa) and fracture toughness (5 MPa·m1/2). Aging studies at 1350 °C for 100 h show that the single-phase carbide solid solution is quite stable even though this temperature is within the predicted miscibility gap of the system. Detailed electron microscopy characterization shows that phase separation has initiated with minor decomposition after aging by forming rock-salt (Ti,W)C- and (Zr,Hf)C-rich phases as well as hexagonal WC precipitates. We show that the (Ti,W)C- and (Zr,Hf)C-rich phases form a lamellar structure upon aging and the interlamellar spacing is considerably coarser than what has been previously found for the binary (Ti,Zr)C system. The decomposition kinetics, on the other hand, is sluggish due to the reduced driving force for phase decomposition.
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| 31. |
- Zhang, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of intense phase-stable femtosecond hard X-ray pulse pairs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 119:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coherent nonlinear spectroscopies and imaging in the X-ray domain provide direct insight into the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei with resolution on the electronic length scale and timescale. The experimental realization of such techniques will strongly benefit from access to intense, coherent pairs of femtosecond X-ray pulses. We have observed phase-stable X-ray pulse pairs containing more than 3 × 107 photons at 5.9 keV (2.1 Å) with ∼1 fs duration and 2 to 5 fs separation. The highly directional pulse pairs are manifested by interference fringes in the superfluorescent and seeded stimulated manganese Kα emission induced by an X-ray free-electron laser. The fringes constitute the time-frequency X-ray analog of Young’s double-slit interference, allowing for frequency domain X-ray measurements with attosecond time resolution.
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