| 1. |
- Bécoulet, A., et al.
(author)
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Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.
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| 2. |
- Edgecock, T. R., et al.
(author)
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High intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe
- 2013
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In: Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-4402. ; 16:2, s. 021002-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton Linac. The far detector for this facility is the 500 kt MEMPHYS water Cherenkov, located in the Frejus tunnel. The second facility is the Neutrino Factory, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of mu(+) and mu(-) beams in a storage ring. The far detector in this case is a 100 kt magnetized iron neutrino detector at a baseline of 2000 km. The third option is a Beta Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of beta emitting isotopes, in particular He-6 and Ne-18, also stored in a ring. The far detector is also the MEMPHYS detector in the Frejus tunnel. EUROnu has undertaken conceptual designs of these facilities and studied the performance of the detectors. Based on this, it has determined the physics reach of each facility, in particular for the measurement of CP violation in the lepton sector, and estimated the cost of construction. These have demonstrated that the best facility to build is the Neutrino Factory. However, if a powerful proton driver is constructed for another purpose or if the MEMPHYS detector is built for astroparticle physics, the Super Beam also becomes very attractive.
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| 3. |
- Henning, G., et al.
(author)
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Exploring the stability of super heavy elements: First measurement of the fission barrier of 254No
- 2014
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In: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2101-6275 .- 2100-014X. ; 66
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gamma-ray multiplicity and total energy emitted by the heavy nucleus 254No have been measured at 2 different beam energies. From these measurements, the initial distributions of spin I and excitation energy E * of 254No were constructed. The distributions display a saturation in excitation energy, which allows a direct determination of the fission barrier. 254No is the heaviest shell-stabilized nucleus with a measured fission barrier. © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014.
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| 4. |
- Henning, G., et al.
(author)
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Fission Barrier of Superheavy Nuclei and Persistence of Shell Effects at High Spin: Cases of No-254 and Th-220
- 2014
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 113:26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the first measurement of the fission barrier height in a heavy shell-stabilized nucleus. The fission barrier height of No-254 is measured to be B-f = 6.0 +/- 0.5 MeV at spin 15 (h) over bar and, by extrapolation, B-f = 6.6 +/- 0.9 MeV at spin 0 (h) over bar. This information is deduced from the measured distribution of entry points in the excitation energy versus spin plane. The same measurement is performed for Th-220 and only a lower limit of the fission barrier height can be determined: B-f (I) > 8 MeV. Comparisons with theoretical fission barriers test theories that predict properties of superheavy elements.
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| 9. |
- Back, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Parental opinions of their child's experience in the legal process : an interpretative analysis
- 2014
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In: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. - : Routledge. - 1053-8712 .- 1547-0679. ; 23:3, s. 290-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to demonstrate how parents of children who are victims of sexual assault experience the legal process from the children’s and parents’ perspective. Nine parents, identified in the records of three public prosecution offices in three cities in Sweden, were interviewed. The parents described feelings of shame and guilt over what their children had experienced. They felt stigmatized and had difficulty fulfilling their parental role, perceived a lack of information and support from the professionals involved, and experienced a sense of withdrawal from their role as parents, though they felt the professionals who worked with their children were helpful and influential.
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| 10. |
- Back, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Sexually Abused Children – Prosecutors' Experiences of their Participation in the Legal Process in Sweden
- 2013
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In: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 20:2, s. 273-283
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to interview prosecutors, based on their experiences working with children who have been sexually abused. The informants were seven prosecutors identified from the records of three public prosecution offices in three cities in Sweden. The informants' experiences were elicited via individual in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews were carried out and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three themes emerged: (1) difficulties with evidence of criminal conduct, (2) children's special needs, and (3) children's dependence on adults. Informants' descriptions of how they perceived the children in the legal process were associated with their experience of the difficulty of finding proof of the crime. Informants were found to experience difficulties when they encounter children in the legal process. As prosecutors they often face difficulties proving that the child has been exposed to crime.
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| 11. |
- Back, Christina
(author)
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The Legal Process in Child Sexual Abuse : Difficulties in confirming evidence and providing support
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall purpose of this thesis was to study the situation of such children in the legal process. In depth-interviews were carried out on ten children aged 8-18 years old. The interviews focused on the children´s experiences and perceptions of meeting with various professionals in the legal process. In-depth interviews were also conducted with nine parents of children who had been sexually abused and who had entered into a legal process. Parents described how they experienced the situation for their children as victims, but also their experiences as parents whose children participated in a legal process. Seven prosecutors with experience of cases where children were plaintiffs were also interviewed in this study.The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This is an appropriate method to explore the participants´ life-world/personal-world and the individuals´ personal perceptions of objects or events, as opposed to an attempt to produce an objective account. In the first study (study I) on the children, five major themes emerged through the analysis: not being believed, making child sexual abuse visible, need for support, sanctions for offenders and lack of respect for the child´s integrity. Almost all of the children had a feeling of not being believed.In the study (study II) on the parents, three superordinate themes emerged from an analysis of the data: stigmatization, need for support in the parental role and transforming consequences to reality.Three themes emerged from prosecutors study (study III) difficulties with the evidence of crime, children´s special needs and children´s dependence on adults. The informants´ descriptions of how they perceived the children in the legal process were associated with their experience of the difficulty of finding proof of the crime.The aim of study IV was to identify and describe the obstacles that can prevent children from talking about sexual abuse in a police interview. Data consisted of 28 investigative interviews with children and 12 police interrogations with non-offending parents. Data interpretation and analysis were based on content analysis. The following categories were identified: not being believed/telling the truth, need for support and dependence on adults, guilt and shame, fear and difficulty in spatial and temporal characterization.The main conclusion of the thesis is that there are difficulties in confirming evidence when children who have suffered sexual abuse are involved in a legal process. It is also concluded that there is an absence of models with the aim to support children and parents going through the process.
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| 12. |
- Back, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Managing the legal proceedings: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of sexually abused children's experience with the legal process
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 35:1, s. 50-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe how sexually abused children experience the legal process, a process that includes being questioned by the police during the preliminary investigation and by lawyers and the prosecutor in the courtroom, and meeting other professionals from various agencies.METHOD: Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 children-9 girls and 1 boy between 9 and 15 years old-who had experienced child sexual abuse (CSA). The interviews were semi structured and carried out and analyzed by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The aim of IPA is to explore the participants' views of the world and to adopt as far as possible an "insider perspective." IPA draws on a tradition of phenomenology and symbolic interactionism in attempting to understand how people make sense of their experiences.RESULTS: Five major themes emerged through the analysis: not being believed, making CSA visible, need for support, sanctions for offenders, and lack of respect for the child's integrity. Almost all the children had a feeling of not being believed. They described feelings ranging from anxiety to dread and even terror when they had to describe the CSA they had experienced. Even though the importance of support for such children is already well understood, the children stated that the support they were given was not sufficient. The children said that they wanted support from a single professional who was well informed about both the legal process and CSA. When the children were asked to reflect on sanctions against the abusers, they said that it was important that the perpetrator got treatment/therapy but they also said that imprisonment was desirable. Financial compensation was not as important to them; the damage had been done and money could not compensate for that damage. The children also said that both the lawyers and the media had treated them with disrespect.CONCLUSIONS: It is valuable for children who have been exposed to CSA to learn that they can take part in the legal process as equal partners with the other participants, and it is evident that the quality of psychological care and support needs to be improved. The children want to be participants in the legal process rather than passive objects of that process.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bennet, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Cell therapy for neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and cerebral palsy.
- 2012
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In: Annals of neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 71:5, s. 589-600
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury remains a major cause of cerebral palsy. Although therapeutic hypothermia is now established to improve recovery from hypoxia-ischemia (HI) at term, many infants continue to survive with disability, and hypothermia has not yet been tested in preterm infants. There is increasing evidence from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies that stem/progenitor cells may have multiple beneficial effects on outcome after hypoxic-ischemic injury. Stem/progenitor cells have shown great promise in animal studies in decreasing neurological impairment; however, the mechanisms of action of stem cells, and the optimal type, dose, and method of administration remain surprisingly unclear, and some studies have found no benefit. Although cell-based interventions after completion of the majority of secondary cell death appear to have potential to improve functional outcome for neonates after HI, further rigorous testing in translational animal models is required before randomized controlled trials should be considered.
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| 17. |
- Fujii, J., et al.
(author)
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Identifying the Electronic Character and Role of the Mn States in the Valence Band of (Ga,Mn)As
- 2013
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 111:9, s. 097201-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report high-resolution hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy results on (Ga,Mn)As films as a function of Mn doping. Supported by theoretical calculations we identify, for both low (1%) and high (13%) Mn doping values, the electronic character of the states near the top of the valence band. Magnetization and temperature-dependent core-level photoemission spectra reveal how the delocalized character of the Mn states enables the bulk ferromagnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)As.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Hadinia, B., et al.
(author)
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IN-BEAM gamma-RAY SPECTROSCOPY ABOVE THE HIGH-SPIN ISOMERIC STATE IN Lu-155
- 2013
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In: CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD. ; , s. 139-144
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited states in Lu-155 have been studied at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland. The Lu-155 nuclei were populated using the reaction of Ni-58 on (102)pd at a beam energy of 280 MeV. The nuclei of interest were selected using the RITU gas filled recoil separator and the prompt gamma rays belonging to 155Lu were identified using the recoil-decay tagging technique. The gamma-ray transitions de-exciting the excited states above the high-spin isomeric a-decaying state in Lu-155 have been identified. A gamma-ray coincidence analysis shows that the previously reported level scheme for Lu-155 should be revised.
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| 25. |
- Nagy, E., et al.
(author)
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Upregulation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in human aortic valves correlates with severity of stenosis and leads to leukotriene-induced effects on valvular myofibroblasts
- 2011
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In: Circulation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 123:12, s. 1316-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The development of aortic valve stenosis is not only associated with calcification and extracellular matrix remodeling, but also with inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of proinflammatory signaling through the leukotriene (LT) pathway in aortic stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: After macroscopic dissection of surgically removed human aortic valves, RNA was extracted from 311 preparations derived from 68 patients to differentiate normal, thickened, and calcified areas from each cusp. Subsequently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to correlate gene expression patterns with preoperative echocardiographic parameters. The messenger RNA levels of the LT-forming enzyme 5-lipoxygenase increased 1.6- and 2.2-fold in thickened and calcified tissue, respectively, compared with normal areas of the same valves. In thickened tissues, messenger RNA levels for 5-lipoxygenase (r= -0.35; P=0.03), its activating protein (5-lipoxygenase activating protein; r= -0.39; P=0.02), and LTA(4) hydrolase (r= -0.48; P=0.01) correlated inversely with the velocity-time integral ratio. In addition, leukotriene A(4) hydrolase transcripts correlated inversely with aortic valve area, indexed for body surface area (r= -0.52; P=0.007). Immunohistochemical stainings revealed LT receptor expression on valvular myofibroblasts. In primary cultures of human myofibroblasts derived from stenotic aortic valves, Leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) increased intracellular calcium, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, and led to morphological cell cytoplasm changes and calcification. CONCLUSIONS: The upregulation of the LT pathway in human aortic valve stenosis and its correlation with clinical stenosis severity, taken together with the potentially detrimental LT-induced effects on valvular myofibroblasts, suggests one possible role of inflammation in the development of aortic stenosis.
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| 26. |
- Rafnsson, A, et al.
(author)
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Urinary leukotriene E4 is associated with renal function but not with endothelial function in type 2 diabetes
- 2013
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In: Disease markers. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1875-8630 .- 0278-0240. ; 201335:5, s. 475-480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leukotrienes are inflammatory and vasoactive mediators implicated in endothelium-dependent relaxations and atherosclerosis. Urinary leukotriene E4(U-LTE4) is a validated disease marker of asthma and increases also in diabetes and acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of U-LTE4and CRP with endothelial function. Urine samples were obtained from 30 subjects (80% males; median age 65) with type 2 diabetes of at least two years duration and a median glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 71 (14–129) mL/min. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was used as a measure of microvascular endothelial function, whereas macrovascular endothelial function was determined be means of flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD). Decreased renal function was associated with lower concentrations of U-LTE4. In addition, U-LTE4was correlated with serum creatinine (R=−0.572;P=0.001) and eGFR (R=0.517;P=0.0036). A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified eGFR as an independent predictor of U-LTE4concentrations. In conclusion, the present results did not establish an association of U-LTE4with endothelial dysfunction. However, eGFR was an independent predictor of U-LTE4, but not CRP, in this cohort, suggesting that GFR should be considered in biomarker studies of U-LTE4.
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| 30. |
- Weber, A., et al.
(author)
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Ultrafast demagnetization dynamics of thin Fe/W(110) films : Comparison of time- and spin-resolved photoemission with time-resolved magneto-optic experiments
- 2011
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:13, s. 132412-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the results of time- and spin-resolved photoemission (TR-SPES) and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect experiments on iron thin films. In particular, the extracted demagnetization times for both techniques are compared. It is shown that while for the Kerr measurements the demagnetization times are always limited by our time resolution (250 +/- 30 fs), for the TR-SPES measurements this situation occurs only for relative quenching below 30%. Above this value, the measured TR-SPES demagnetization time exceeds 500 fs. Different demagnetization probes can hence track different demagnetization times.
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