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- Barsoum, I., et al.
(författare)
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Thermomechanical Evaluation of the Performance and Integrity of a HDPE Stub-End Bolted Flange Connection
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology-Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME. - 0094-9930 .- 1528-8978. ; 141:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the integrity of a manhole structure made of a 78 in. high density polyethylene (HDPE) stub-end, steel ring, and blind flange, sealed with a compressed nonasbestos fiber (CNAF) gasket is investigated by means of a parametric finite element analysis (FEA). A coupled thermomechanical nonlinear FEA model is built, comprising of a heat transfer and a structural model, which allows modeling the complex thermal and mechanical loads and their interactions present during the operation of the manhole. The temperature-dependent elastic-plastic HDPE material constitutive behavior and the temperature-dependent nonlinear response of the CNAF gasket are accounted for in the model. Factors influencing the performance and integrity of the manhole such as stud-bolt pretorque level (T-b), internal pressure (P-i), and outer temperature (T-o) are considered. Based on the results, the integrity and performance of the structure are assessed in view of a leakage through the gasket criterion and a yielding of the HDPE stub-end criterion. The FEA results reveal that both T-b, P-i, and T-o significantly influence the performance (i.e., leakage) of the gasket and the integrity (i.e., yielding) of the HDPE stubend. At 40 degrees C, it is possible to find a safe operational window for a range of T-b and P-i values, where no leakage through the gasket or yielding of the stub-end occurs. However, as the temperature is increased this safe operational window decreases considerably, and at 80 degrees C safe operation cannot be guaranteed where leakage, yielding, or both simultaneously, will lead to loss in performance and integrity of the manhole structure.
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| 2. |
- Champagne, A., et al.
(författare)
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First-order Raman scattering of rare-earth containing i-MAX single crystals (Mo2/3RE1/3)(2)AlC (RE = Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2475-9953. ; 3:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we report on the growth of single crystals of various (Mo2/3RE1/3)(2)AlC (RE = Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er) i-MAX phases and their Raman characterization. Using first principles, the wave numbers of the various phonon modes and their relative atomic displacements are calculated and compared to experimental results. Twelve high-intensity Raman peaks are identified as the fingerprint of this new family of rare-earth containing i-MAX phases, thus being a useful tool to investigate their corresponding composition and structural properties. Indeed, while a redshift is observed in the low-wave-number range due to an increase of the rare-earth atomic mass when moving from left to right on the lanthanide row, a blueshift is observed for most of the high-wave-number modes due to a strengthening of the bonds. A complete classification of bond stiffnesses is achieved based on the direct dependence of a phonon mode wave number with respect to the bond stiffness. Finally, STEM images are used to confirm the crystal structure.
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