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- Barth, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A new model for in vitro testing of vitreous substitute candidates
- 2014
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Ingår i: Graefe's Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - Hedidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 0721-832X .- 1435-702X. ; 252:10, s. 1581-1592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe a new model for in vitro assessment of novel vitreous substitute candidates.Methods: The biological impact of three vitreous substitute candidates was explored in a retinal explant culture model; a polyalkylimide hydrogel (Bio-Alcamid (R)), a two component hydrogel of 20 wt.% poly (ethylene glycol) in phosphate buffered saline (PEG) and a cross-linked sodium hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Healaflow (R)). The gels where applied to explanted adult rat retinas and then kept in culture for 2, 5 and 10 days. Gel-exposed explants were compared with explants incubated under standard tissue culture conditions. Cryosections of the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical markers (GFAP, Vimentin, Neurofilament 160, PKC, Rhodopsin) and TUNEL.Results: Explants kept under standard conditions as well as PEG-exposed explants displayed disruption of retinal layers with moderate pyknosis of all neurons. They also displayed moderate labeling of apoptotic cells. Bio-Alcamid (R)-exposed explants displayed severe thinning and disruption of retinal layers with massive cell death. Healaflow (R)-treated explants displayed normal retinal lamination with significantly better preservation of retinal neurons compared with control specimens, and almost no signs of apoptosis. Retinas exposed to Healaflow (R) and retinas kept under standard conditions showed variable labeling of GFAP with generally low expression and some areas of upregulation. PEG-exposed retinas showed increased GFAP labeling and Bio-Alcamid (R)-exposed retinas showed sparse labeling of GFAP.Conclusions: Research into novel vitreous substitutes has important implications for both medical and surgical vitreoretinal disease. The in vitro model presented here provides a method of biocompatibility testing prior to more costly and cumbersome in vivo experiments. The explant culture system imposes reactions within the retina including disruption of layers, cell death and gliosis, and the progression of these reactions can be used for comparison of vitreous substitute candidates. Bio-Alcamid (R) had strong adverse effects on the retina which is consistent with results of prior in vivo trials. PEG gel elicits reactions similar to the control retinas whereas Healaflow (R) shows protection from culture-induced trauma indicating favorable biocompatibility.
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- Buker, P., et al.
(författare)
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DO3SE modelling of soil moisture to determine ozone flux to forest trees
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 12:12, s. 5537-5562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO3SE (Deposition of O-3 for Stomatal Exchange) model is an established tool for estimating ozone (O-3) deposition, stomatal flux and impacts to a variety of vegetation types across Europe. It has been embedded within the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) photochemical model to provide a policy tool capable of relating the flux-based risk of vegetation damage to O-3 precursor emission scenarios for use in policy formulation. A key limitation of regional flux-based risk assessments has been the assumption that soil water deficits are not limiting O-3 flux due to the unavailability of evaluated methods for modelling soil water deficits and their influence on stomatal conductance (g(sto)), and subsequent O-3 flux. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a method to estimate soil moisture status and its influence on g(sto) for a variety of forest tree species. This DO3SE soil moisture module uses the Penman-Monteith energy balance method to drive water cycling through the soil-plant-atmosphere system and empirical data describing g(sto) relationships with pre-dawn leaf water status to estimate the biological control of transpiration. We trial four different methods to estimate this biological control of the transpiration stream, which vary from simple methods that relate soil water content or potential directly to g(sto), to more complex methods that incorporate hydraulic resistance and plant capacitance that control water flow through the plant system. These methods are evaluated against field data describing a variety of soil water variables, g(sto) and transpiration data for Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), birch (Betula pendula), aspen (Populus tremuloides), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) collected from ten sites across Europe and North America. Modelled estimates of these variables show consistency with observed data when applying the simple empirical methods, with the timing and magnitude of soil drying events being captured well across all sites and reductions in transpiration with the onset of drought being predicted with reasonable accuracy. The more complex methods, which incorporate hydraulic resistance and plant capacitance, perform less well, with predicted drying cycles consistently underestimating the rate and magnitude of water loss from the soil. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance was strongly dependent upon the local parameterisation of key model drivers such as the maximum g(sto), soil texture, root depth and leaf area index. The results suggest that the simple modelling methods that relate g(sto) directly to soil water content and potential provide adequate estimates of soil moisture and influence on g(sto) such that they are suitable to be used to assess the potential risk posed by O-3 to forest trees across Europe.
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- Cuijpers, Pim, et al.
(författare)
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The efficacy of non-directive supportive therapy for adult depression : A meta-analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 32:4, s. 280-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of non-directive supportive therapy (NDST) for adult depression have been examined in a considerable number of studies, but no meta-analysis of these studies has been conducted. We selected 31 studies on NDST from a comprehensive database of trials, examining psychotherapies for adult depression, and conducted meta-analyses in which NDST was compared with control groups, other psychotherapies and pharmacotherapy. We found that NDST is effective in the treatment of depression in adults (g=0.58; 95% CI: 0.45-0.72). NDST was less effective than other psychological treatments (differential effect size g=-0.20; 95% CI: -0.32 to -0.08, p<0.01), but these differences were no longer present after controlling for researcher allegiance. We estimated that extra-therapeutic factors (those processes operating in waiting-list and care-as-usual controls) were responsible for 33.3% of the overall improvement, non-specific factors (the effects of NDST compared with control groups) for 49.6%, and specific factors (the effects of NDST compared with other therapies) for 17.1%. NDST has a considerable effect on symptoms of depression. Most of the effect of therapy for adult depression is realized by non-specific factors, and our results suggest that the contribution of specific effects is limited at best.
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- Eggens, Veerle Rc, et al.
(författare)
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EXOSC3 mutations in pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1: novel mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Orphanet journal of rare diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1750-1172. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) represents a group of neurodegenerative disorders with prenatal onset. Eight subtypes have been described thus far (PCH1-8) based on clinical and genetic features. Common characteristics include hypoplasia and atrophy of the cerebellum, variable pontine atrophy, and severe mental and motor impairments. PCH1 is distinctly characterized by the combination with degeneration of spinal motor neurons. Recently, mutations in the exosome component 3 gene (EXOSC3) have been identified in approximately half of the patients with PCH subtype 1.
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- Kröner, A., et al.
(författare)
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Zircon ages for a felsic volcanic rock and arc-related early Palaeozoic sediments on the margin of the Baydrag microcontinent, central Asian orogenic belt, Mongolia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. - 1367-9120. ; 42:5, s. 1008-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magmatic zircons from the basal part of an arc terrane in the accretionary complex NE of the Baydrag microcontinental block in central Mongolia were dated at 544 +/- 7 Ma and reflect arc magmatism at the Ediacaran/Cambrian boundary. Detrital zircon ages for clastic metasediments of the adjacent Dzag zone suggest a depositional age <445 +/- 6 Ma and suggest that the zircons were not derived from the arc terrane which was probably not exposed in the Late Ordovician. The detrital age pattern is similar to the overall pattern for Mongolian detrital and xenocrystic zircons and suggests significant input from a Grenville-age source that could either be the Tarim craton or microcontinental blocks within the central Asian collage of arcs and microcontinents. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Rösel, D, et al.
(författare)
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Indo-Antarctic derived detritus on the northern margin of Gondwana: evidence for continental scale sediment transport
- 2014
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Ingår i: Terra Nova. - : Wiley. - 0954-4879 .- 1365-3121. ; 26:1, s. 64-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Provenance studies from Cambro-Ordovician sediments of the North Gondwana passive margin typically ascribe a North African source, a conclusion that cannot be reconciled with all observations. We present new U-Pb ages from detrital rutile and zircon from Late Ordovician sediments from Saxo-Thuringia, Germany. Detrital zircons yield age populations of 500–800 Ma, 900–1050 Ma and 1800–2600 Ma. The detrital rutile age spectra are unimodal with ages between 500 and 650 Ma and likely represent, together with the 500–800 Ma and 1800–2600 Ma zircon populations, detritus sourced predominantly from North Africa. In contrast, the c. 950 Ma zircons, which are persistently found in Cambro-Ordovician sediments of North Gondwana, have no obvious African source. We propose that these zircons are sourced from the Rayner Complex–Eastern Ghats regions of Antarctica and India. An Indo-Antarctic source indicates either continental-scale sedimentary transport from central Gondwana to its peripheries or multiple cycles of sediment reworking and redeposition.
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| 10. |
- Schaal, J., et al.
(författare)
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Coumarin-based octopamine phototriggers and their effects on an insect octopamine receptor
- 2012
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Ingår i: ChemBioChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 13:10, s. 1458-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed and characterized efficient caged compounds of the neurotransmitter octopamine. For derivatization, we introduced [6-bromo-8-(diethylaminomethyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl]methoxycarbonyl (DBHCMOC) and {6-bromo-7-hydroxy-8-[(piperazin-1-yl)methyl]coumarin-4-yl}methoxycarbonyl (PBHCMOC) moieties as novel photo-removable protecting groups. The caged compounds were functionally inactive when applied to heterologously expressed octopamine receptors (AmOctα1R). Upon irradiation with UV–visible or IR light, bioactive octopamine was released and evoked Ca2+ signals in AmOctα1R-expressing cells. The pronounced water solubility of compounds 2–4 in particular holds great promise for these substances as excellent phototriggers of this important neurotransmitter.
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| 11. |
- Zack, Thomas, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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In situ U-Pb rutile dating by LA-ICP-MS: Pb-208 correction and prospects for geological applications
- 2011
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Ingår i: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. - 0010-7999. ; 162:3, s. 515-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rutile is a common accessory mineral that occurs in a wide spectrum of metamorphic rocks, such as in blueschists, eclogites, and granulites and as one of the most stable detrital heavy minerals in sedimentary rocks. The advent of rutile trace element thermometry has generated increased interest in a better understanding of rutile formation. This study documents important analytical advances in in situ LA-ICP-MS U/Pb geochronology of rutile: (1) Matrix matching, necessary for robust in situ dating is fulfilled by calibrating and testing several rutile standards (R10, R19, WH-1), including the presentation of new TIMS ages for the rutile standard R19 (489.5 +/- A 0.9 Ma; errors always stated as 2 s). (2) Initial common lead correction is routinely applied via Pb-208, which is possible due to extremely low Th/U ratios (usually < 0.003) in most rutiles. Employing a 213 nm Nd:YAG laser coupled to a quadrupole ICP-MS and using R10 as a primary standard, rutile U/Pb concordia ages for the two other rutile standards (493 +/- A 10 Ma for R19; 2640 +/- A 50 Ma for WH-1) and four rutile-bearing metamorphic rocks (181 +/- A 4 Ma for Ivrea metapelitic granulite; 339 +/- A 7 Ma for Saidenbach coesite eclogite; 386 +/- A 8 Ma for Fjortoft UHP metapelite; 606 +/- A 12 Ma for Andrelandia metepelitic granulite) always agree within 2% with the reported TIMS ages and other dating studies from the same localities. The power of in situ U/Pb rutile dating is illustrated by comparing ages of detrital rutile and zircon from a recent sediment from the Christie Domain of the Gawler Craton, Australia. While the U/Pb age spectrum from zircons show several pronounced peaks that are correlated with magmatic episodes, rutile U/Pb ages are marked by only one pronounced peak (at ca 1,675 Ma) interpreted to represent cooling ages of this part of the craton. Rutile thermometry of the same detrital grains indicates former granulite-facies conditions. The methods outlined in this paper should find wide application in studies that require age information of single spots, e.g., provenance studies, single-crystal zoning and texturally controlled dating.
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