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- Pham, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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A new Certified Reference Material for radionuclides in Irish sea sediment (IAEA-385)
- 2008
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Ingår i: APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 66:11, s. 1711-1717
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new Certified Reference Material (CRM) for radionuclides in sediment (IAEA-385) is described and the results of the certification process are presented. Eleven radionuclides (K-40, Cs-137, Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-230, Th-232, U-234, U-238, Pu-238, Pu239+240 and Am-241) have been certified and information mass activities with 95% confidence intervals are given for seven other radionuclides (Sr-90, Pb-210(Po-210), U-235, Pu-239, Pu-240 and Pu-241). Results for less frequently reported radionuclides (Co-60, Tc-99, Cs-134, Eu-155, Ra-224 and Np-239) and information on some activity and mass ratios are also reported. The CRM can be used for quality assurance/quality control of the analysis of radionuclides in sediment samples, for the development and validation of analytical methods and for training purposes. (C) 2008 IAEA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Vaughey, J.T., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of layered lithium metal oxide anodes in lithium cells
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 174:2, s. 1052-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous efforts have been made to use metal oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we examined layered oxides of the type LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni) and Li2MO3 (M = Mn, Mo, Sn) in lithium cells and found them to be electrochemically active while possessing a high capacity. In general, LiMO2 electrodes provide higher reversible capacities than Li2MO3 electrodes. First-principles theoretical calculations were used as a guide to determine the most favorable reaction pathway from possible insertion (addition) reactions, decomposition reactions, and metal displacement reactions. For example, using in situ X-ray diffraction, LiCoO2 was found to discharge first to CoO and Li2O (decomposition reaction) and thereafter, upon further reduction, to Co metal and additional Li2O (displacement reaction). On charging to 3.0 V, only CoO was reformed; the electrode cycled with a reversible capacity of 575 mAh g−1; this reaction pathway is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
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