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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative Process Tracing in Housing Studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Housing Policy. - 1949-1247. ; 11:4, s. 395-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative social and political research often contains a historical dimension. Lately it has become fashionable to refer to this dimension with the term ‘path dependence’. In this article we propose an approach to comparative housing research that takes the path dependence of social and political processes seriously. In contrast to the traditional understanding of historical research, this approach, which can be called ‘comparative process tracing’, is quite strongly theoretically informed. We see comparative process tracing as an analysis in two steps. In the first step the goal is to reconstruct as closely as possible a chain of ideal-type social mechanisms made portable to other contexts by the assumption of thin rationality. In the second step, these processes are compared making use of ideal type periodisation. We have, together with others, applied comparative process tracing to an analysis of the Nordic housing policies. The article discusses the basic ideas behind the approach in that research and reflects on how to develop it further. It also presents some analytical tools that were used in the Nordic project to facilitate comparison between processes, e.g. an analytical distinction between critical junctures and focal points, a periodisation based on an ideal-type evolution model of housing provision, and a ladder of institutionalisation based on Lukes’ ‘three faces of power’.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-
(författare)
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Game Theory
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780080471631 ; , s. 226-231
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Generalization by Mechanism : Thin Rationality and Ideal-type Analysis in Case Study Research
- 2014
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the social sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 44:6, s. 707-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing general inferences on the basis of single-case and small-n -studies is often seen as problematic. This article suggests a logic of generalization based on thinly rationalistic social mechanisms. Ideal-type mechanisms can be derived from empirical observations in one case and, based on the assumption of thin rationality, used as a generalizing bridge to other contexts with similar actor constellations. Thus, the “portability” builds on expectations about similar mechanisms operating in similar contexts. We present the general logic behind such “rationalistic generalization” and relate it to other ideas about generalization from single-case studies.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-
(författare)
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Housing and Housing Policy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Planning and Sustainable Urban Development in Sweden. - Stockholm : Föreningen för samhällsplanering. - 9789163730832
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- THE NEWLY PUBLISHED BOOK "Planning and sustainable urban development in Sweden" provides an overview of current trends in Swedish planning and urban development. The book addresses the Swedish planning system as well as projects and processes at national, regional and local level contributing to a sustainable urban development in Sweden. All articles are written by Swedish practitioners and researchers with insight into today's planning.
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| 13. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-
(författare)
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Housing Politics and Political Science
- 2012
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Ingår i: The SAGE Handbook of Housing Studies. - London, Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi and Singapore : Sage Publications. - 9781847874306 ; , s. 206-229
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-disciplinary and critical in its approach, The SAGE Handbook of Housing Studiesis an elucidating look at the key issues within the field. The Handbook covers the study of housing retrospectively, but also analyses the future directions of research and theory, demonstrating how it can contribute to wider debates in the social sciences. A comprehensive introductory chapter is followed by four parts offering complete coverage of the area: Markets examines the perception of housing markets, how they function in different contexts, and the importance of housing behaviour and neighbourhoods Approaches looks at how other disciplines - economics, geography, and sociology - have informed the direction of housing studies Context traces the interactions between housing studies and other aspects of society, providing context to debate housing through issues of space, social, welfare and the environment. Policy is a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive take on the major policy issues and the causes and possible solutions of housing problems such as regeneration and homelessness. Edited by leading names in the field and including international contributions, the book is a stimulating, wide-ranging read that will be an invaluable resource for academics and researchers in geography, urban studies, sociology, social policy, economics and politics.
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| 16. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-
(författare)
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Path Dependency
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780080471631 ; , s. 161-166
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-
(författare)
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Politics of Housing
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780080471631 ; , s. 322-327
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Rights, Citizenship, and Shelter
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780080471631 ; , s. 148-157
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
- Bengtsson, Bengt Å., et al.
(författare)
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Fjärilar
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010. - Uppsala : Artdatabanken i samarbete med Naturvårdsverket. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 361-392
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Björnehed, Emma, 1978-
(författare)
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Ideas in Conflict : The effect of frames in the Nepal conflict and peace process
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1996 the state of Nepal was challenged by a Maoist insurgency, resulting in a decade-long civil war. During the course of the subsequent peace process the parliamentary parties found themselves agreeing to significant political changes, including a republican constitution. This study approaches the Nepal case on the assumption that the discursive aspect of social relations is one important factor in understanding how specific events unfold and why actors do one thing and not another.Two frames are investigated using frame analysis in terms of their representation of problem, cause and solution: a terrorism frame from the period of conflict and a peace frame from the period of conflict resolution. The terrorism frame is categorised as a negative frame and the peace frame as a positive frame. This overarching difference is found to have implications for the effects of the respective frames.In contrast to traditional frame analysis, which tends to focus on the success of a frame and the effects on a specific audience, this study investigates the effects of frames on the actors involved in the framing process in terms of their perceived manoeuvrability for action. This approach is formalised in a model of four types of logic of actor effects that is applied to the Nepal case. The analysis of frame effects is based on first-hand interviews with key actors, such as former prime ministers and top leaders of political parties and civil society. From this material, the study gives insight into how the two frames influenced the actors’ perceived manoeuvrability. This actor-centred approach shows that the frames affected the actors in both enabling and restrictive ways and thus influenced the outcome in Nepal. For example, it is shown that frames created during the conflict were considered a prerequisite for the legitimate use of military force. The study also shows the unintended effects of framing, captured in the model as the effect of self-entrapment, and highlights the coercive character of ideas in making actors perceive themselves as forced to take a certain action or position.
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| 32. |
- Bäck, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Contact activation products are new potential biomarkers to evaluate the risk of thrombotic events in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1478-6354. ; 15:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have persistent platelet activation and an increased risk of thrombotic events, which cannot be accounted for by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Factor (F)XII has a potentially important role in thrombus formation and is triggered by activated platelets. We therefore asked whether the contact system is involved in inflammation and vascular disease (VD) in SLE. Methods: Fibrin clots were incubated with purified FXII or whole blood, and the activation and regulation of FXII were studied. Plasma from SLE patients with (n = 31) or without (n = 38) previous VD and from matched healthy controls (n = 68) were analyzed for the presence of complexes formed between contact system enzymes and antithrombin (AT) or C1 inhibitor (C1INH) and evaluated with regard to clinical data and laboratory parameters. Results: Fibrin clots elicited FXII activation and acted as co-factors for AT. In clotting plasma, the levels of FXIIa-AT increased, and FXIIa-C1INH decreased. A similar reciprocal relationship existed in SLE patients. FXIIa-AT was elevated in the SLE patients with a history of VD, while the corresponding levels of factor FXIIa-C1INH were significantly decreased. FXIIa-AT correlated strongly with platelet parameters. The odds ratio for VD among the SLE patients was 8.9 if they had low levels of FXIIa-C1INH, 6.1 for those with high levels of FXIIa-AT, and increased to 23.4 for those with both decreased levels of FXIIa-C1INH and increased levels of FXIIa-AT. Conclusions: Activation of FXII is elicited by fibrin during thrombotic reactions in vitro and in vivo, and fibrin acts as a heparin-like co-factor and regulates AT. Patients with SLE had altered levels of FXIIa-serpin complexes, supporting that the contact system is involved in this disease. FXIIa-serpin complexes are strongly associated with previous VD in SLE patients, suggesting that these complexes are potential biomarkers for monitoring and assessing the risk of thrombotic events in SLE.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Erikson, Josefina, 1979-
(författare)
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Strider om mening : En dynamisk frameanalys av den svenska sexköpslagen
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A constructivist understanding of policy production as a struggle of meaning in which ideas and actors interact is the point of departure of this thesis. Prostitution policy is a salient example of such a struggle and is thus a suitable case for exploring the role of ideas in politics. The purpose of the thesis is threefold: to explain the process preceding the Swedish ban on the purchase of sexual services in 1998, to understand the dynamics in gendered policy and to develop a framework for policy analysis. In the first part of the thesis a dynamic model of frame analysis is developed consisting of three dimensions to analyze: the politically relevant ideas in terms of policy frames (in this case related to gender and power); ideas as restricting and facilitating for actors; actors’ framing strategies and the consequences of strategic framing in terms of risks and limitations. This comprehensive and dynamic model of frame analysis fills a gap in previous policy research.In the second part of the thesis the dynamic frame analysis is applied to explain Swedish prostitution policy. The empirical analysis contains a study of the policy process preceding the ban of 1998, a micro study of the actors’ involvement at a critical juncture and an analysis of the actors’ strategic framing. The thesis concludes that the process was path dependent in the sense that the institutionalization of different ideas, at different points of time, was important for the final outcome. However, the thesis also concludes that the involvement of the actors’, mostly women, was a decisive factor. In relation to previous research the analysis provides a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the policy process both with regard to the ideas from which the client criminalization claim emanated and also with regard to the actors’ role.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Fitzpatrick, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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Rights to Housing : Reviewing the Terrain and Exploring a Way Forward
- 2014
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Ingår i: Housing, Theory and Society. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1403-6096 .- 1651-2278. ; 31:4, s. 447-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exacerbated by the specificity of housing as a welfare good, debates on housing, citizenship and rights are complex and often confusing. This article attempts to clarify the debate on rights-based approaches in the field of housing, shelter and homelessness. It focuses on the philosophical distinction between “natural” and “socially constructed” rights, and suggests that a plausible “third way” may be found by using Martha Nussbaum’s “central human capabilities” approach as a foundation for universal human rights. “Citizenship” is proposed as a conceptual bridge between the philosophical discourse on rights and its practical application in specific political contexts. For this purpose, T.H. Marshall’s classic division between “civil” and “social” citizenship rights is translated into a distinction between “legal” and “programmatic” rights to housing. The article demonstrates that it is possible to object to the notion of natural and/or human rights in the housing field, and still be in favour of clearly delimited legal rights to housing for homeless people and others in acute need. Conversely, one may be in sympathy with the discourse of universal moral rights, but be sceptical about the allegedly “atomizing” implications of individually enforceable legal rights.
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| 37. |
- Holdo, Markus, 1984-
(författare)
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Field Notes on Deliberative Democracy : Power and Recognition in Participatory Budgeting
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The theory of deliberative democracy suggests that public discourse should be guided by reasonable arguments. In real life, power relations not only obstruct free exchanges of reasons but also shape our understandings and expectations of what it means to provide reasons and to speak with authority. Struggles over power and recognition are necessary parts of deliberation. This thesis asks how groups that are marginalized in public discourse can act to demand recognition in public sphere deliberation.The thesis draws on work by Pierre Bourdieu to make the argument that actors can use various kinds of capital to advance their interests in public deliberation. Based on research on participatory budgeting in the city of Rosario, Argentina, the thesis demonstrates that state-sponsored arenas of deliberation can work as strategic social fields that ground struggles for recognition in new forms of capital. On the basis of “deliberative capital” participants can demand recognition from fellow citizens and political decision-makers. The case study of Rosario’s participatory budget demonstrates that participating citizens expected public recognition for their commitment to deliberative values. The study shows, moreover, that local politicians had reasons to respect participants’ independence from the government. Participatory budgeting could serve the political purpose of legitimizing the government on the condition that participants were recognized as independent actors who work in the interest of their neighborhoods.These arguments are presented in three essays, each making distinct contributions to debates on deliberation and inclusion. The first essay makes a theoretical argument for utilizing Bourdieu’s concepts of field, investment and capital in theorizing on public deliberation. The second essay provides an empirically grounded argument for thinking of empowerment in terms of deliberative capital. The third essay demonstrates a mechanism of non-cooptation that should be of wider relevance to debates about the merits of deliberative governance projects in urban politics. Taken together, the essays demonstrate that citizens can capitalize on an interest in legitimizing power through deliberation by conditioning their participation.
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| 39. |
- Jennstål, Julia, 1976-
(författare)
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Traits & Talks : Lessons about Personality and Deliberation from the Negotiations between Nelson Mandela and FW de Klerk
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Compelling research in political psychology and personality psychology points to the significance of personality as a determinant of political behavior. Within a comprehensive framework for the study of personality in politics, the so-called Five-level Model (FLM), this thesis primarily focuses on the level of personality traits, where the well-established Five-factor model (the ‘Big Five’) is applied.Specifically, the objective is to examine the role of personality in deliberation. The current trend in research on deliberation is to take a systemic, institutional perspective. In contrast, the argument here is that a comprehensive examination of the individual level is suitable if we want to counteract the ongoing ‘concept stretching’ of deliberation.A Deliberative Behavioral Repertoire (DBR) is compiled consisting of four distinct behavioral expectations on deliberative participants (reason-giving, inner moral reasoning, open-mindedness and respect for others) and suggested as a functional approach to measuring and evaluating deliberative processes on an individual level of analysis.While the DBR is an approximation of deliberative conduct, it remains silent on the matter of personality. In order to determine the role of personality in deliberative conduct, the DBR is linked to the five factors. In a secondary analysis, a set of hypotheses on the links between the DBR and the five factors (drawing on both trait and facet levels) is proposed for empirical validation. The analysis ends with a presentation of a personality profile of the ’genuine’ deliberator, which evokes a discussion on normative, conceptual and empirical implications of bringing personality into the study of deliberation.Empirically, the peace negotiations in South Africa, 1989-94, between Nelson Mandela and FW de Klerk, are used to substantiate the impact of personality in deliberation. This crucial case of naturally occurring political-leadership deliberation is explored in depth. Based on the two leaders’ personality profile – assessed in a qualitative analysis of each leader’s behavior evident across situations and over time – it is demonstrated how deliberative features of the negotiations are linked to vital personality attributes of the leaders. Through this close scrutiny of how personality might influence negotiation processes and outcomes, the study also contributes to the broader field of negotiation research.
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| 40. |
- Kim, Tae-Yun, et al.
(författare)
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3D Texture Analysis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Tissue Image Grading
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computational & Mathematical Methods in Medicine. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1748-670X .- 1748-6718. ; 2014, s. 536217:1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most significant processes in cancer cell and tissue image analysis is the efficient extraction of features for grading purposes. This research applied two types of three-dimensional texture analysis methods to the extraction of feature values from renal cell carcinoma tissue images, and then evaluated the validity of the methods statistically through grade classification. First, we used a confocal laser scanning microscope to obtain image slices of four grades of renal cell carcinoma, which were then reconstructed into 3D volumes. Next, we extracted quantitative values using a 3D gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) and a 3D wavelet based on two types of basis functions. To evaluate their validity, we predefined 6 different statistical classifiers and applied these to the extracted feature sets. In the grade classification results, 3D Haar wavelet texture features combined with principal component analysis showed the best discrimination results. Classification using 3D wavelet texture features was significantly better than 3D GLCM, suggesting that the former has potential for use in a computer-based grading system.
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| 41. |
- Källberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking is a major preventable risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis : estimations of risks after various exposures to cigarette smoke
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 70:3, s. 508-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Earlier studies have demonstrated that smoking and genetic risk factors interact in providing an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Less is known on how smoking contributes to RA in the context of genetic variability, and what proportion of RA may be caused by smoking. Objectives To determine the association between the amount of smoking and risk of RA in the context of different HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles, and to estimate proportions of RA cases attributed to smoking. Design, Setting and Participants Data from the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) case-control study encompassing 1204 cases and 871 controls were analysed. Main Outcome Measure Estimated OR to develop RA and excess fraction of cases attributable to smoking according to the amount of smoking and genotype. Results Smoking was estimated to be responsible for 35% of anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibody (ACPA)positive cases. For each HLA-DRB1 SE genotype, smoking was dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of ACPA-positive RA (p trend <0.001). In individuals carrying two copies of the HLA-DRB1 SE, 55% of ACPA-positive RA was attributable to smoking. Conclusions Smoking is a preventable risk factor for RA. The increased risk due to smoking is dependent on the amount of smoking and genotype.
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| 42. |
- Ledberg, Sofia Knöchel, 1972-
(författare)
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Governing the Military : Professional Autonomy in the Chinese People's Liberation Army
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The reform process that has been underway in China the past 30 years has affected most parts of Chinese society. In regard to core branches of the civilian state administration, public administration research provides evidence of far-reaching decentralization, marketization, and a relaxation of direct political control within many policy areas. Despite the fact that the military in any Marxist-Leninist state is an indispensable part of the state administration, it is rarely included in research on the Chinese state administrations. In this dissertation, it is argued that the military is intrinsically linked to the overall political stability of the Chinese state not only because it constitutes one of the most central branches of the Chinese cadre administration, but also given its close connection to the ruling communist party. Hence it deserves greater research focus.The overarching focus of this study is political control and governance vis-à-vis the Chinese military. Contrary to previous studies that have approached the issue of control by investigating military infringement on civilian policy making, the analysis here illustrates that the structures and the underlying logic of control are better captured by a study of the professional autonomy of the Chinese military officer corps. Professional autonomy is investigated within the military education system, given that education is a central undertaking for any profession.By suggesting a new approach to the study of the relationship between the political entities of the state and the military, an approach which makes use of insights from both the political science subfield of public administration and the sociology of professions, this dissertation makes important theoretical and analytical contributions to the field of civil-military relations. Yet the usefulness of the actor-centered approach put forward here, which focuses on the autonomy of the profession within the organization, reaches beyond the immediate study of the military and can be used in any analysis of power relations between the political entities of the state and its administrations. This dissertation also contributes to increase the understanding of Chinese military education, which is one of the military’s most important peace time undertakings.
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| 43. |
- Ljungkvist, Kristin, 1977-
(författare)
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The Global City 2.0 : An International Political Actor Beyond Economism?
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to increase our understanding of the Global City’s pursuit of what can be regarded as independent foreign and security policies, despite the fact that such policies have traditionally been considered to be a core function of central governments. By studying how the Global City’s role in the globalized world is constructed in local public narratives as the local government develops and pursues specific international policies, the thesis argues, we can come closer to an understanding of what it means to be and to govern a Global City, and why its local government find it to be in the city’s interest to claim international political authority. A core claim is that Global City-hood as a specific type of collective identity can play a constitutive part in such interest formation.The study seeks to make three contributions, one of empirical nature and two of theoretical nature. The empirical contribution involves furthering our understanding of New York City’s local role conception as a Global City. This is also closely related to the first theoretical contribution whereby the case study of New York City as a most important case serves to develop our general understanding of what meanings are attached to contemporary Global City-hood from a local perspective. The second theoretical contribution involves outlining a new way of studying the Global City as international political actor by developing an interdisciplinary analytical framework combining insights from the Global Cities literature, studies on Urban Politics and International Relations respectively.The analysis shows that even as the Global City engages in issues such as global environmental governance or counterterrorism, such pursuit will be framed and rationalized in terms of the city’s economic growth. The quest for growth and global competitiveness are not necessarily the only available meanings attached to the being and governing of the contemporary Global City. However, there seems to be a remarkable persistency and attraction in economistic ideas and an economistic conception of the Global City.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Oliveira, M. H. de Andrade, et al.
(författare)
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Soot, PAH and OH measurements in vaporized liquid fuel flames
- 2013
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7153 .- 0016-2361. ; 112, s. 145-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Qualitative measurements of both OH and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as well as quantitative data of soot volume fraction f(v) have been obtained in vaporized liquid fuels, with the main goal of providing experimental data for combustion models and numerical mechanism validation. Measurements were carried out in a laminar coflow burner which was designed, built and integrated with an evaporation system, enabling the combustion of vaporized liquid fuels at pressures of up to 3.0 MPa to be studied. The fuels n-heptane and n-decane, referred to in the literature as being important surrogate fuels, were selected for measurements at atmospheric pressure that were carried out in the experimental setup described, making use of a combination of the Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) techniques. Partially premixed flames of n-heptane and n-decane showed similar combustion characteristics in the range of 1.9 < phi < 3.7. For both of the fuels the threshold for soot formation was found to be at about phi similar to 3.3. Comparison of the LIF and LII measurements for the n-heptane flames within the range of 3.7 <= phi <= 8.5 indicated the maximum PAH LIF signal to be a good predictor of f(vmax) obtained from LII. Excitation at 266 nm using delayed detection was found to result in the signals obtained showing a close linear correlation with the soot volume fraction obtained from LII when prompt detection at 1064 nm excitation was used. Neither the effects of any additional photo-chemical processes making use of high laser power at 266 nm nor the effects of particle size on the delayed gate times appeared to be of any significance for the flame conditions studied here. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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| 47. |
- Rosell, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on cardiac disease: results from a randomized trial with long-term follow-up
- 2013
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - New York : SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 138:2, s. 467-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tamoxifen is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, there are few reports on long-term effects. Using data from a large Swedish randomized trial of 5 and 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen in women with early breast cancer, we here present results on morbidity and mortality from cardiac diseases during treatment and long-term after treatment. A total of 4,150 patients were breast cancer recurrence-free after 2 years. Data from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Registry combined with information from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry were used to define events of disease. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression. Patients assigned to 5 years in comparison with 2 years of postoperative tamoxifen experienced a reduced incidence of CHD [hazard ratio (HR), 0.83; 95 % CI 0.70-1.00], especially apparent during the active treatment period (HR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.43-1.00). The mortality from CHD was significantly reduced (HR 0.72; 95 % CI 0.53-0.97). During the active treatment, the morbidity of other heart diseases was also significantly reduced (HR 0.40; 95 % CI 0.25-0.64) but not after treatment stopped (HR 1.06; 95 % CI 0.87-1.30). Similar results were seen for both heart failure and atrial fibrillation/flutter. As compared to 2 years of therapy, 5 years of postoperative tamoxifen therapy prevents CHD as well as other heart diseases. The risk reduction is most apparent during the active treatment period, and later tends to diminish.
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| 48. |
- Rosell, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on the incidence of secondary cancer : results from a randomized trial with long term follow-up
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUNDTamoxifen is a well-established endocrine treatment for breast cancer. We here present results with respect to second primary cancer from a large randomized trial of 5 and 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. Breast cancer distant recurrence and mortality are also reported.METHODSOur study included 4128 postmenopausal patients with early stage breast cancer who were alive and free of breast cancer recurrence after 2 years of tamoxifen therapy. They were randomized to receive three more years of therapy or stop tamoxifen. In the comparison of 5 years versus 2 years of postoperative tamoxifen treatment hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression for different follow-up periods defined as: During treatment (2-5 years) and after treatment (5-10 years, 10-15 years, > 5 years, > 10 years and > 15 years).RESULTSIn the five years group the incidence of lung cancer was halved (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.27-0.77 [P = .0038]), and lung cancer mortality was decreased. An increased risk was observed for endometrial cancer (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.19-2.81 [P = .0059]), but this risk appeared to decrease over time. The risk of contralateral breast cancer was decreased (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96 [P = .022]), also in the period after treatment stopped. In the five years group, the risk of distant recurrence was decreased, and statistically significant reductions were observed both during treatment and in the five year period after treatment stopped. The breast cancer mortality was reduced, especially during the post-treatment phase.CONCLUSIONSIn this randomized study, tamoxifen substantially reduces the risk of new cancer both in contralateral breast and in lung up to 10 years after treatment stopped.
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- Rosell, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Time dependent effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on cerebrovascular disease : results from a randomised trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 104:6, s. 899-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. There is, however, little information on the effect in the post-treatment period. Using data from the Swedish Breast Cancer Group adjuvant trial of 5 vs 2 years of tamoxifen treatment, we now report both short-term and long-term effects on morbidity as well as mortality because of cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: Data from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Registry combined with information from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry was used to define events of disease. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS: Comparing patients randomised to 5 years of tamoxifen with patients randomised to 2 years of tamoxifen, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases was increased (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.05-2.75) during the active treatment phase and reduced after the active treatment period (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.96), and the difference in HR between the two time-periods was significant (P 0.0033). The mortality from cerebrovascular diseases was increased during the treatment period (HR 3.18, 95% CI 1.03-9.87) and decreased during the post-treatment period (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.90) with a significant difference in HR between the two periods of follow-up (P=0.0066). Similar results were seen for subgroups of cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke and ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSION: In an adjuvant setting, tamoxifen was associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease during treatment, but a decreased risk in the post-treatment period.
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