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1.	Makos, I., et al. (författare) Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy using high-harmonic generation and seeded free-electron lasers 2023 Ingår i: 2023 Photonics North, PN 2023. - 9798350326734 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this work, we use attosecond time-resolved techniques to investigate photoionization dynamics on its natural timescale, employing both high harmonic generation and seeded free-electron lasers to generate extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains for our studies. With the former approach, we examine the role of nuclear motion in molecular photoionization dynamics, while with the latter we introduce a novel attosecond timing tool for single-shot characterization of the relative phase between the XUV and the infrared field.
2.	Pihl, E., et al. (författare) Ten new insights in climate science 2020- A horizon scan 2020 Ingår i: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2059-4798. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Non-technical summary We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding of Earth's sensitivity to carbon dioxide, finds that permafrost thaw could release more carbon emissions than expected and that the uptake of carbon in tropical ecosystems is weakening. Adverse impacts on human society include increasing water shortages and impacts on mental health. Options for solutions emerge from rethinking economic models, rights-based litigation, strengthened governance systems and a new social contract. The disruption caused by COVID-19 could be seized as an opportunity for positive change, directing economic stimulus towards sustainable investments. Technical summary A synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost-benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- A nd long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations. Social media summary Stronger permafrost thaw, COVID-19 effects and growing mental health impacts among highlights of latest climate science.
3.	Maroju, Praveen Kumar, et al. (författare) Attosecond coherent control of electronic wave packets in two-colour photoionization using a novel timing tool for seeded free-electron laser 2023 Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 17, s. 200-207 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In ultrafast spectroscopy, the temporal resolution of time-resolved experiments depends on the duration of the pump and probe pulses, and on the control and characterization of their relative synchronization. Free-electron lasers operating in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions deliver pulses with femtosecond and attosecond duration in a broad array of pump-probe configurations to study a wide range of physical processes. However, this flexibility, together with the large dimensions and high complexity of the experimental set-ups, limits control of the temporal delay to the femtosecond domain, thus precluding a time resolution below the optical cycle. Here we demonstrate a novel single-shot technique able to determine the relative synchronization between an attosecond pulse train-generated by a seeded free-electron laser-and the optical oscillations of a near-infrared field, with a resolution of one atomic unit (24 as). Using this attosecond timing tool, we report the first example of attosecond coherent control of photoionization in a two-colour field by manipulating the phase of high-order near-infrared transitions.
4.	Inzucchi, S. E., et al. (författare) Dapagliflozin and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: An exploratory analysis from DAPA-HF 2021 Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 44:2, s. 586-594 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality and worsening heart failure in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. This report explores the effect of dapagliflozin on incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the cohort without diabetes enrolled in the trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The subgroup of 2,605 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), no prior history of diabetes, and an HbA1c of <6.5% at baseline was randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo. In this exploratory analysis, surveillance for new-onset diabetes was accomplished through periodic HbA1c testing as part of the study protocol and comparison between the treatment groups assessed through a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS At baseline, the mean HbA1c was 5.8%. At 8 months, there were minimal changes, withaplacebo-adjusted change inthedapagliflozin groupof20.04%. Over a median follow-up of 18 months, diabetes developed in 93 of 1,307 patients (7.1%) in the placebogroup and 64 of 1,298 (4.9%) in the dapagliflozingroup. Dapagliflozin led to a 32% reduction in diabetes incidence (hazard ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.94; P 5 0.019). More than 95% of the participants who developed T2D had prediabetes at baseline (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%). Participants who developed diabetes in DAPA-HF had a higher subsequent mortality than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory analysis among patients with HFrEF, treatment with dapagliflozin reduced the incidence of new diabetes. This potential benefit needs confirmation in trials of longer duration and in people without heart failure. © 2020 by the American Diabetes Association.
5.	Kjaergaard, M., et al. (författare) Demonstration of Density Matrix Exponentiation Using a Superconducting Quantum Processor 2022 Ingår i: Physical Review X. - 2160-3308. ; 12:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Quantum computers hold the potential to outperform classical supercomputers at certain tasks. To implement algorithms on a quantum computer, programmers use conventional computers and hardware to create a set of classical control signals that implement a desired quantum algorithm. However, feeding the quantum information forward requires an inefficient conversion: extraction of quantum information, conversion to classical control signals, and reinjection of those signals into the system to implement quantum operations. Here, we demonstrate a more natively quantum strategy to programming quantum computers. Our approach uses the density matrix exponentiation (DME) protocol, a general technique for using a quantum state to enact a quantum operation. It can be thought of as a subroutine with which programmers can turn multiple copies of a quantum state into instructions for next steps in a quantum algorithm.We implement DME using two qubits in a superconducting quantum processor. Our implementation relies on a high-fidelity two-qubit gate and a novel technique called quantum measurement emulation to approximately reset a known quantum state. These developments enable us to demonstrate the DME protocol for the first time on a small-scale quantum processor and benchmark its performance.While DME was originally proposed in the context of a specific quantum machine-learning algorithm, it may also represent a fundamentally different approach to quantum programming. It allows the possibility of encoding quantum algorithms directly into quantum states and executing those algorithms on other quantum states, enabling a new class of efficient quantum algorithms.
6.	Maroju, P. K., et al. (författare) Analysis of two-color photoelectron spectroscopy for attosecond metrology at seeded free-electron lasers 2021 Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 23:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The generation of attosecond pulse trains at free-electron lasers opens new opportunities in ultrafast science, as it gives access, for the first time, to reproducible, programmable, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) waveforms with high intensity. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the theoretical model underlying the temporal characterization of the attosecond pulse trains recently generated at the free-electron laser FERMI. In particular, the validity of the approximations used for the correlated analysis of the photoelectron spectra generated in the two-color photoionization experiments are thoroughly discussed. The ranges of validity of the assumptions, in connection with the main experimental parameters, are derived.
7.	Vaughan, AM, et al. (författare) A large multi-country outbreak of monkeypox across 41 countries in the WHO European Region, 7 March to 23 August 2022 2022 Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - 1560-7917. ; 27:36 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
8.	Bengtsson, Fia, 1986-, et al. (författare) Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 109:1, s. 417-431 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The relative importance of global versus local environmental factors for growth and thus carbon uptake of the bryophyte genusSphagnum-the main peat-former and ecosystem engineer in northern peatlands-remains unclear. We measured length growth and net primary production (NPP) of two abundantSphagnumspecies across 99 Holarctic peatlands. We tested the importance of previously proposed abiotic and biotic drivers for peatland carbon uptake (climate, N deposition, water table depth and vascular plant cover) on these two responses. Employing structural equation models (SEMs), we explored both indirect and direct effects of drivers onSphagnumgrowth. Variation in growth was large, but similar within and between peatlands. Length growth showed a stronger response to predictors than NPP. Moreover, the smaller and denserSphagnum fuscumgrowing on hummocks had weaker responses to climatic variation than the larger and looserSphagnum magellanicumgrowing in the wetter conditions. Growth decreased with increasing vascular plant cover within a site. Between sites, precipitation and temperature increased growth forS. magellanicum. The SEMs indicate that indirect effects are important. For example, vascular plant cover increased with a deeper water table, increased nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature. These factors also influencedSphagnumgrowth indirectly by affecting moss shoot density. Synthesis. Our results imply that in a warmer climate,S. magellanicumwill increase length growth as long as precipitation is not reduced, whileS. fuscumis more resistant to decreased precipitation, but also less able to take advantage of increased precipitation and temperature. Such species-specific sensitivity to climate may affect competitive outcomes in a changing environment, and potentially the future carbon sink function of peatlands.
9.	Shrestha, Sarita, 1991-, et al. (författare) The use of ICD codes to identify IBD subtypes and phenotypes of the Montreal classification in the Swedish National Patient Register 2020 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 55:4, s. 430-435 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: Whether data on International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-codes from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) correctly correspond to subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and phenotypes of the Montreal classification scheme among patients with prevalent disease is unknown. Materials and methods: We obtained information on IBD subtypes and phenotypes from the medical records of 1403 patients with known IBD who underwent biological treatment at ten Swedish hospitals and retrieved information on their IBD-associated diagnostic codes from the NPR. We used previously described algorithms to define IBD subtypes and phenotypes. Finally, we compared these register-generated subtypes and phenotypes with the corresponding information from the medical records and calculated positive predictive values (PPV) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Among patients with clinically confirmed disease and diagnostic listings of IBD in the NPR (N = 1401), the PPV was 97 (96-99)% for Crohn's disease, 98 (97-100)% for ulcerative colitis, and 8 (4-11)% for IBD-unclassified. The overall accuracy for age at diagnosis was 95% (when defined as A1, A2, or A3). Examining the validity of codes representing disease phenotype, the PPV was 36 (32-40)% for colonic Crohn's disease (L2), 61 (56-65)% for non-stricturing/non-penetrating Crohn's disease behaviour (B1) and 83 (78-87)% for perianal disease. Correspondingly, the PPV was 80 (71-89)% for proctitis (E1)/left-sided colitis (E2) in ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: Among people with known IBD, the NPR is a reliable source of data to classify most subtypes of prevalent IBD, even though misclassification commonly occurred in Crohn's disease location and behaviour and also among IBD-unclassified patients.
10.	Casar Borota, Olivera, et al. (författare) Corticotroph Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Carcinomas Frequently Harbor ATRX Mutations 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 106:4, s. 1183-1194 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Context: Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) are characterized by unusually rapid growth and lack of response to standard treatment. About 1% to 2% develop metastases being classified as pituitary carcinomas (PCs). For unknown reasons, the corticotroph tumors are overrepresented among APTs and PCs. Mutations in the alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) gene, regulating chromatin remodeling and telomere maintenance, have been implicated in the development of several cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors. Objective: To study ATRX protein expression and mutational status of the ATRX gene in APTs and PCs. Design: We investigated ATRX protein expression by using immunohistochemistry in 30 APTs and 18 PCs, mostly of Pit-1 and T-Pit cell lineage. In tumors lacking ATRX immunolabeling, mutational status of the ATRX gene was explored. Results: Nine of the 48 tumors (19%) demonstrated lack of ATRX immunolabelling with a higher proportion in patients with PCs (5/18; 28%) than in those with APTs (4/30;13%). Lack of ATRX was most common in the corticotroph tumors, 7/22 (32%), versus tumors of the Pit-1 lineage, 2/24 (8%). Loss-of-function ATRX mutations were found in all 9 ATRX immunonegative cases: nonsense mutations (n = 4), frameshift deletions (n = 4), and large deletions affecting 22-28 of the 36 exons (n = 3). More than 1 ATRX gene defect was identified in 2 PCs. Conclusion: ATRX mutations occur in a subset of APTs and are more common in corticotroph tumors. The findings provide a rationale for performing ATRX immunohistochemistry to identify patients at risk of developing aggressive and potentially metastatic pituitary tumors.
11.	van Beek, Sten M. M., et al. (författare) Effect of β2-agonist treatment on insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal in healthy men in a randomised placebo-controlled trial 2023 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract β2-agonist treatment improves skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose homeostasis in rodents, likely via mTORC2-mediated signalling. However, human data on this topic is virtually absent. We here investigate the effects of two-weeks treatment with the β2-agonist clenbuterol (40 µg/day) on glucose control as well as energy- and substrate metabolism in healthy young men (age: 18-30 years, BMI: 20-25 kg/m2) in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study (ClinicalTrials.gov-identifier: NCT03800290). Randomisation occurred by controlled randomisation and the final allocation sequence was seven (period 1: clenbuterol, period 2: placebo) to four (period 1: placebo, period 2: clenbuterol). The primary and secondary outcome were peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation, respectively. Primary analyses were performed on eleven participants. No serious adverse events were reported. The study was performed at Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, between August 2019 and April 2021. Clenbuterol treatment improved peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by 13% (46.6 ± 3.5 versus 41.2 ± 2.7 µmol/kg/min, p = 0.032), whereas skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation assessed in overnight fasted muscle biopsies remained unaffected. These results highlight the potential of β2-agonist treatment in improving skeletal muscle glucose uptake and underscore the therapeutic value of this pathway for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, given the well-known (cardiovascular) side-effects of systemic β2-agonist treatment, further exploration on the underlying mechanisms is needed to identify viable therapeutic targets.
12.	Frodlund, M., et al. (författare) Predictors Of Antibody Response To Covid-19 Vaccine In Rituximab Treated Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. A Swedish Nationwide Study (Covid19-Reuma) 2022 Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 81, s. 368-369 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In line with other reports, our group showed that patients treated with rituximab had significant impaired antibody response compared to patients treated with other biologic and targeted and synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARD).ObjectivesTo investigate predictors of response to COVID-19 vaccination (2 doses of mRNA vaccines, 2 doses of virus vector vaccines or combinations of these) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) treated with rituximab and controls.MethodsAntibody levels to three antigens: Spike protein full length, Spike S1 and Nucleocapsid C-terminal fragment (to confirm previous COVID-19 infection) were measured in sera collected before vaccination and 2-12 weeks after the second vaccine using a multiplex bead-based serology assay. The antigen-specific cut-off was defined as the median fluorescence intensity signal plus 6x standard deviations across 12 pre-pandemic controls. A good vaccine response was defined as having antibodies over the cut-off level for both spike antigens. Proportion (%) responders was compared between patients and controls (Chi2 test).Patients with IRD receiving last rituximab treatment within a mean (range) 193 (23-501) days before first vaccination participated. Individuals without IRD served as a control group. Predictors of a good vaccine response were explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, diagnosis (systemic vasculitis/RA/JIA/other), concomitant csDMARD, rituximab dose and prednisolone dose. Hazard ratio (chanse) of a good antibody response in relation to time between the last rituximab treatment and vaccination was studied by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.ResultsIn total, 145 patients receiving rituximab and 61 controls were inclyded. Of these, 82 received rituximab as monotherapy (67% women; mean age 66 years, mean disease duration 13 years; 33% had RA/JIA and 60% vasculitis) and 63 received rituximab+csDMARD (62% women; mean age 66 years; mean disease duration 17 years; 76% had RA/JIA and 10 % vasculitis). Controls (n=61) were 74% women and mean age 49 years. Compared to controls, rituximab patients had lower antibody levels for both spike proteins (p<0.001). Proportion (%) responders among patients receiving rituximab as monotherapy (40.2%) and rituximab+DMARDs (25.4%) was significantly lower than in controls (98.4%) (p<0.001, Chi2). Higher age, concomitant csDMARD at vaccination and shorter time from last rituximab treatment predicted impaired antibody response (multivariate logistic regression model) (Table 1). Longer time between the last rituximab course and vaccination was associated with better antibody response (Figure 1).Table 1.Predictors of good antibody response to two doses of COVID-19 vaccine defined as antibodies over the cut-off level for both spike antigensBp-valueOR95% CIAge at vaccination (years)-0.040.0090.960.93-0.99Sex (male/female)-9.550.2090.580.24-1.36csDMARD at vaccination (yes/no)-1.080.0260.340.13-0.88Prednisolone (mg/dag)-0.100.1030.900.80-1.02Rituximab dos (1000 mg vs 500 mg)-0.010.3700.990.99-1.00Time between the last rituximab and vaccination (months)0.200.0011.311.11-1.55Diagnosis at vaccination (systemic vasculitis vs others)-0.510.3150.600.21-1.64Figure 1.The chance of good antibody response following two doses of COVID-19 vaccine in relation to time between the last rituximab course and vaccination.ConclusionPatients with IRD getting vaccinated with two doses of COVID19 vaccine during the treatment with rituximab have the ability to develop antibody response although the response is impaired. For each month passed after the last rituximab course, the chance of good antibody response increases with 30%. Younger patients receiving rituximab as monotherapy and vaccinated preferably several months after the last rituximab treatment have the highest chance of achieving a good antibody response.AcknowledgementsUnrestricted research grants have been received from Roche and starting grants from The Swedish Rheumatism AssociationDisclosure of InterestsMartina Frodlund: None declared, Katerina Chatzidionysiou Consultant of: consultancy fees from Eli Lilly, AbbVie and Pfizer., Anna Södergren: None declared, Eva Klingberg: None declared, Monika Hansson: None declared, Elisa Pin: None declared, Sophie Olsson: None declared, Anders Bengtsson: None declared, Lars Klareskog Grant/research support from: has eceived research grants from Pfizer, BMS, Affibody, Sonoma Biotherapeutics, Meliha C Kapetanovic Consultant of: have received consultancy fees from Abbvie, Pfizer and GSK, Grant/research support from: have received unrestricted research grants from Roche and Pfizer
13.	Frodlund, M, et al. (författare) The Impact of Immunomodulating Treatment on the Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Immune-mediated Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases Compared to Healthy Controls. a Swedish Nationwide Study (COVID19-REUMA) 2022 Ingår i: ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY. - 2326-5191. ; 74, s. 1525-1527 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
14.	Grochowski, CM, et al. (författare) Break-induced replication underlies formation of inverted triplications and generates unexpected diversity in haplotype structures 2023 Ingår i: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology. Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
15.	Jonsson, Olafur P., et al. (författare) Mapping Education for Sustainability in the Nordic Countries 2021 Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
16.	Khalili, Hamed, et al. (författare) Healthcare use, work loss and total costs in incident and prevalent Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis : results from a nationwide study in Sweden 2020 Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 52:4, s. 655-668 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: There are limited data on population-wide assessment of cost in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Aim: To estimate the societal cost of actively treated CD and UC in Sweden.Methods: We identified 10 117 prevalent CD and 19 762 prevalent UC patients, aged ≥18 years on 1 January 2014 and 4028 adult incident CD cases and 8659 adult incident UC cases (2010-2013) from Swedish Patient Register. Each case was matched to five population comparators. Healthcare costs were calculated from medications, outpatient visits, hospitalisations and surgery. Cost of productivity losses was derived from disability pension and sick leave.Results: The mean annual societal costs per working-age patient (18-64 years) with CD and UC were $22 813 (vs $7533 per comparator) and $14 136 (vs $7351 per comparator) respectively. In patients aged ≥65 years, the mean annual costs of CD and UC were $9726 and $8072 vs $3875 and $4016 per comparator respectively. The majority of cost for both CD (56%) and UC (59%) patients originated from productivity losses. Higher societal cost of working-age CD patients as compared to UC patients was related to greater utilisation of anti-TNF (22.2% vs 7.4%) and increased annual disability pension (44 days vs 25 days). Among incident CD and UC patients, the mean total cost over the first year per patient was over three times higher than comparators.Conclusion: In Sweden, the societal cost of incident and prevalent CD and UC patients was consistently two to three times higher than the general population.
17.	Kochar, Bharati, et al. (författare) Prevalence and Implications of Frailty in Older Adults With Incident Inflammatory Bowel Diseases : A Nationwide Cohort Study 2022 Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 20:10, s. 2358-2365 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and Aims: We aimed to compare the risk of frailty in older adults with incident inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and matched non-IBD comparators and assess the association between frailty and future hospitalizations and mortality.Methods: In a cohort of patients with incident IBD ≥60 years of age from 2007 to 2016 in Sweden identified using nationwide registers, we defined frailty using Hospital Frailty Risk Score. We compared prevalence of frailty in patients with IBD with age, sex, place of residency– and calendar year–matched population comparators. In the IBD cohort, we used Cox proportional hazards modeling to examine the associations between frailty risk and hospitalizations or mortality.Results: We identified 10,590 patients with IBD, 52% female with a mean age of 71 years of age, matched to 103,398 population-based comparators. Among patients with IBD, 39% had no risk for frailty, 49% had low risk for frailty, and 12% had higher risk for frailty. Mean Hospital Frailty Risk Score was 1.9 in IBD and 0.9 in matched comparators (P < .01). Older adults with IBD at higher risk for frailty had a 20% greater risk for mortality at 3 years compared with those who were not frail. Compared with nonfrail older patients with IBD, patients at higher risk for frailty had increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.86–3.61), all-cause hospitalization (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 2.24–2.61), and IBD-related hospitalization (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.35–1.66). These associations were not attenuated after adjusting for comorbidities.Conclusions: Frailty is more prevalent in older adults with IBD than in matched comparators. Among older patients with IBD, frailty is associated with increased risk for hospitalizations and mortality.
18.	Lundtoft, Christian, et al. (författare) Strong Association of Combined Genetic Deficiencies in the Classical Complement Pathway With Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Primary Sjogren's Syndrome 2022 Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 74:11, s. 1842-1850 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective Complete genetic deficiency of the complement component C2 is a strong risk factor for monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but whether heterozygous C2 deficiency adds to the risk of SLE or primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) has not been studied systematically. This study was undertaken to investigate potential associations of heterozygous C2 deficiency and C4 copy number variation with clinical manifestations in patients with SLE and patients with primary SS. Methods The presence of the common 28-bp C2 deletion rs9332736 and C4 copy number variation was examined in Scandinavian patients who had received a diagnosis of SLE (n = 958) or primary SS (n = 911) and in 2,262 healthy controls through the use of DNA sequencing. The concentration of complement proteins in plasma and classical complement function were analyzed in a subgroup of SLE patients. Results Heterozygous C2 deficiency-when present in combination with a low C4A copy number-substantially increased the risk of SLE (odds ratio [OR] 10.2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.5-37.0]) and the risk of primary SS (OR 13.0 [95% CI 4.5-48.4]) when compared to individuals with 2 C4A copies and normal C2. For patients heterozygous for rs9332736 with 1 C4A copy, the median age at diagnosis was 7 years earlier in patients with SLE and 12 years earlier in patients with primary SS when compared to patients with normal C2. Reduced C2 levels in plasma (P = 2 x 10(-9)) and impaired function of the classical complement pathway (P = 0.03) were detected in SLE patients with heterozygous C2 deficiency. Finally, in a primary SS patient homozygous for C2 deficiency, we observed low levels of anti-Scl-70, which suggests a risk of developing systemic sclerosis or potential overlap between primary SS and other systemic autoimmune diseases. Conclusion We demonstrate that a genetic pattern involving partial deficiencies of C2 and C4A in the classical complement pathway is a strong risk factor for SLE and for primary SS. Our results emphasize the central role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of both SLE and primary SS.
19.	Narula, N., et al. (författare) Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study 2021 Ingår i: Bmj-British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 374 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between intake of ultra processed food and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING 21 low, middle, and high income countries across seven geographical regions (Europe and North America, South America, Africa, Middle East, south Asia, South East Asia, and China). PARTICIPANTS 116 087 adults aged 35-70 years with at least one cycle of follow-up and complete baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data (country specific validated FFQs were used to document baseline dietary intake). Participants were followed prospectively at least every three years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was development of IBD, including Crohn & rsquo;s disease or ulcerative colitis. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risk of IBD were assessed using Cox proportional hazard multivariable models. Results are presented as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Participants were enrolled in the study between 2003 and 2016. During the median follow-up of 9.7 years (interquartile range 8.9-11.2 years), 467 participants developed incident IBD (90 with Crohn & rsquo;s disease and 377 with ulcerative colitis). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, higher intake of ultra-processed food was associated with a higher risk of incident IBD (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 2.72 for >= 5 servings/day and 1.67, 1.18 to 2.37 for 1-4 servings/day compared with <1 serving/day, P=0.006 for trend). Different subgroups of ultra-processed food, including soft drinks, refined sweetened foods, salty snacks, and processed meat, each were associated with higher hazard ratios for IBD. Results were consistent for Crohn & rsquo;s disease and ulcerative colitis with low heterogeneity. Intakes of white meat, red meat, dairy, starch, and fruit, vegetables, and legumes were not associated with incident IBD. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of ultra-processed food was positively associated with risk of IBD. Further studies are needed to identify the contributory factors within ultra processed foods.
20.	Olén, Ola, et al. (författare) Increasing Risk of Lymphoma Over Time in Crohn's Disease but Not in Ulcerative Colitis : A Scandinavian Cohort Study 2023 Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 21:12, s. 3132-3142 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background & Aims: Earlier studies have provided varying risk estimates for lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but often have been limited by detection biases (especially during the first year of follow-up evaluation), misclassification, and small sample size; and rarely reflect modern-day management of IBD.Methods: We performed a binational register-based cohort study (Sweden and Denmark) from 1969 to 2019. We compared 164,716 patients with IBD with 1,639,027 matched general population reference individuals. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident lymphoma by lymphoma subtype, excluding the first year of follow-up evaluation.Results: From 1969 to 2019, 258 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 479 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 6675 matched reference individuals developed lymphoma. This corresponded to incidence rates of 35 (CD) and 34 (UC) per 100,000 person-years in IBD patients, compared with 28 and 33 per 100,000 person-years in their matched reference individuals. Although both CD (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16–1.50) and UC (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20) were associated with an increase in lymphoma, the 10-year cumulative incidence difference was low even in CD patients (0.08%; 95% CI, 0.02–0.13). HRs have increased in the past 2 decades, corresponding to increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics during the same time period. HRs were increased for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD and UC patients, and for T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD patients. Although the highest HRs were observed in patients exposed to combination therapy (immunomodulators and biologics) or second-line biologics, we also found increased HRs in patients naïve to such drugs.Conclusions: During the past 20 years, the risk of lymphomas have increased in CD, but not in UC, and were driven mainly by T-cell lymphomas and aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
21.	Bazov, Igor, 1973-, et al. (författare) A novel serum protein signature as biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A diagnostic performance and prediction modelling study using data from two independent inception cohorts 2023 Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 17, s. I314-I315 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
22.	Beck, Astrid L, et al. (författare) Cotinine concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and risk of testicular germ cell cancer in the offspring : A prospective nested case-control study 2024 Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136. ; 154:1, s. 71-80 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Maternal smoking in pregnancy may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) in offspring, but current evidence remains inconclusive. We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. A total of 654 males with maternal serum (n = 359, ncases/controls = 71/288) and/or amniotic fluid (n = 295, ncases/controls = 66/229) samples were included. Data on TGCC diagnoses and relevant covariates were derived from nationwide Danish health registries. Cotinine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An adapted cox regression model estimated the risk of TGCC considering active and inactive tobacco use defined according to cotinine concentrations of <, ≥15 ng/ml. Overall, the concentrations of cotinine were comparable in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (medianserum/amniotic fluid : 2.1/2.6 ng/ml). A strong statistically significant correlation was detected in 14 paired samples (Spearman rho: 0.85). Based on maternal serum cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC in offspring (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51; 1.52). Similarly, based on amniotic fluid cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64; 1.95). However, different risks were observed for seminomas and nonseminomas in both matrices, but none were statistically significant. Our findings did not provide convincing evidence supporting that exposure to tobacco during pregnancy is associated with TGCC.
23.	Carlwig, K., et al. (författare) Mandibulotomy access to tumour sites : fewer complications for postoperative compared with preoperative radiotherapy 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0901-5027. ; 50:7, s. 851-856 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this study was to compare complication rates at the mandibulotomy site between patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and those receiving postoperative RT during treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer where the surgical procedure required a mandibular osteotomy to gain access to the tumour. Sixty-four consecutive patients treated during the period 2000–2015 were available for analysis. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively. A subgroup of patients received RT on several occasions or long before the mandibulotomy, therefore the statistical comparisons focused on the two groups of patients receiving RT on one occasion and within 6 months prior to or following surgery. Seventeen patients presented a total of 29 complications, yielding an overall complication rate of 27%. Orocutaneous fistula was the most common complication. Patients who received RT preoperatively presented a higher complication rate (9/15; 60%) when compared to those who received RT postoperatively (2/31; 6.5%) (odds ratio 21.8, P < 0.001). This study demonstrated fewer complications in the mandibulotomy area exposed to postoperative RT compared with preoperative RT. It is therefore suggested that, when possible, RT should be given postoperatively if combination treatment with RT and surgery, including a mandibulotomy, is planned.
24.	Chergui, L., et al. (författare) Superfluid-droplet crossover in a binary boson mixture on a ring : Exact diagonalization solutions for few-particle systems in one dimension 2023 Ingår i: Physical Review A. - 2469-9926. ; 108:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigate the formation of self-bound quantum droplets in a one-dimensional binary mixture of bosonic atoms, applying the method of numerical diagonalization of the full Hamiltonian. The excitation spectra and ground-state pair correlations signal the formation of a few-boson droplet when crossing the region of critical interspecies interactions. The self-binding affects the rotational excitations, displaying a change in the energy dispersion from negative curvature, associated with superfluidity in the many-body limit, to a nearly parabolic curvature indicative of rigid body rotation. We exploit two global symmetries of the system to further analyze the few-body modes in terms of transition matrix elements and breathing mode dynamics. The ground and excited state energies reported here are exact within the respective Hilbert spaces, which have been adapted according to a given set of single-particle basis states and a specific importance threshold of the employed truncation method. We compare these data to the usual ad hoc inclusion of higher-order contributions in the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation. For the given parameters we find a remarkable agreement between the few-body regime and the thermodynamic limit in one dimension.
25.	Forsblad-d'Elia, H, et al. (författare) Biomechanical Properties of Common Carotid Arteries Assessed by Circumferential 2D Strain and β Stiffness Index in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis 2021 Ingår i: The Journal of rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 48:3, s. 352-360 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to atherosclerosis, preceded by arterial stiffness. We aimed to examine common carotid artery (CCA) biomechanical properties using ultrasound to calculate β stiffness index (indicating arterial stiffness) and, a more recently developed technique, 2-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking strain (indicating arterial motion and deformation, strain) to (1) compare with age- and sex-matched controls, and (2) analyze relationships between strain and stiffness with disease characteristics and traditional risk factors for CVD in patients with AS.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 149 patients with AS, mean age 55.3 ± 11.2 years, 102 (68.5%) men, and 146 (98%) HLA-B27–positive, were examined. Bilateral CCA were examined for circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index. A subgroup of 46 patients was compared with 46 age- and sex-matched controls, both groups without hypertensive disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke.Results.Mean bilateral circumferential 2D strain was lower in AS patients compared with controls (7.9 ± 2.6% vs 10.3 ± 1.9%, P < 0.001), whereas mean bilateral β stiffness index was higher (13.1 ± 1.7 mmHg/mm vs 12.3 ± 1.3 mmHg/mm, P = 0.02). In multivariable linear regression analyses, strain was associated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, history of anterior uveitis, and treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and/or biological DMARD (R2 0.33), while stiffness was associated with age (R2 0.19).Conclusion.Both CCA circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index differed between patients with AS and controls. Strain was associated with AS-related factors and age, whereas only age was associated with stiffness, suggesting that the obtained results reflect different pathogenic vascular processes.
26.	Fuchtbauer, Laila, et al. (författare) Increased Number of Retinal Vessels in Acromegaly. 2020 Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 182:3, s. 293-302 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Excess of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as in acromegaly, is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, but whether retinal vessels are altered is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal vessel morphology in patients with acromegaly at diagnosis and after treatment and to describe the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with long-standing acromegaly and diabetes.Two independent observational studies, one being prospective and the other retrospective and cross-sectional.Retinal vessel morphology of 26 patients with acromegaly was examined at diagnosis and 1 year after treatment and compared to 13 healthy controls. Cross-sectional evaluation of 39 patients with long-standing acromegaly and diabetes was performed. Fundus photographs were digitally analyzed for vessel morphology.Patients with acromegaly had a median (interquartile range) of 34.3 (30.0-39.0) vessel branching points compared to 27.0 (24.0-29.0) for healthy controls (P < 0.001). Tortuosity of arterioles and venules remained unchanged. Vessel morphology did not change significantly after treatment. Patients with acromegaly and diabetes for a median of 14 years also had a high number of branching points [34.2 (32.5-35.6)], but the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was not higher than expected in diabetic patients without acromegaly.Patients with acromegaly have an increased number of vascular branching points in the retina without an alteration of macroscopic vessel morphology. This is consistent with an angiogenic effect of GH/IGF-1 in humans. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was not increased in patients with acromegaly and diabetes.
27.	Mathai, M. V., et al. (författare) The Political Economy of (Un)Sustainable Production and Consumption : A Multidisciplinary Synthesis for Research and Action 2020 Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Despite widespread recognition of the need to transition toward more sustainable production and consumption and numerous initiatives to that end, global resource extraction and corresponding socio-ecological degradation continue to grow. Understanding the causes of this persistent failure is a necessary step towards more effective action. This article contributes to that understanding by synthesizing theory and evidence that links unsustainable production-consumption systems to power and inequality. While sustainable consumption and production research and action mostly focuses on technological or behavioral change, the socio-ecological inequalities driving production-consumption systems built into the organization of our global political economy, remain largely overlooked. In response, we propose a structural political economy orientation that seeks explicitly to reduce these inequalities and advance environmental justice and, thus, create the conditions for sustainable production-consumption systems. We then propose three important arenas of research and action towards sustainable production-consumption systems: justice, governance, and co-production of knowledge and action. These arenas, collectively and individually, can serve as entry points to study and act on the dynamics of (un)sustainable production-consumption systems. This can be done at the micro level, with respect to specific commodity chains or systems of provisioning, or at meso and macro levels with respect to national and global production networks. Our proposed orientation helps distinguish research and practice proposals into those emphasizing management and compensation resulting often in persistence of unsustainability, from those proffering structural changes in unsustainable production-consumption systems. We invite critique and collaboration to develop this research and action agenda further.
28.	Olofsson, A., et al. (författare) Opto-optical modulator (OOM) for extreme ultraviolet pulses 2020. - 7 Ingår i: Attosecond Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588. ; 1412 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract There is a profound, almost symbiotic relation between electrons and photons. When light interacts with matter the electrons in the material will start to move and oscillate. When a charged particle, such as an electron, oscillates it will act as a dipole and emit light. We utilize this symbiotic relation and extend the control of light to the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region using the newly developed XUV opto-optical modulator.
29.	Pereira, Laura M., et al. (författare) The living infinite: Envisioning futures for transformed human-nature relationships on the high seas 2023 Ingår i: Marine Policy. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 153, s. 105644-105644 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We find ourselves at a critical crossroads for the future governance of the high seas, but the perceived remoteness of the global ocean creates a psychological barrier for people to engage with it. Given challenges of overexploitation, inequitable access and other sustainability and equity concerns, current ocean governance mechanisms are not fit-for-purpose. This decade offers opportunities for direct impact on ocean governance, however, triggering a global transformation on how we use and protect the half of our planet requires a concerted effort that is guided by shared values and principles across regions and sectors. The aim of the series of workshops outlined in this paper, was to undertake a futures thinking process that could use the Nature Futures Framework as a mechanism to bring more transformative energy into how humans conceptualise the high seas and therefore how we aim to govern the ocean. We found that engaging with the future through science fiction narratives allowed a more radical appreciation of what could be and infusing science with artistic elements can inspire audiences beyond academia. Thus, creative endeavours of co-production that promote and encourage imagination to address current challenges should be considered as important tools in the science-policy interface, also as a way to elicit empathetic responses. This workshop series was a first, and hopefully promising, step towards generating a more creative praxis in how we imagine and then act for a better future for the high seas.
30.	Rajaei, Hossein, et al. (författare) Catalogue of the lepidoptera of Iran 2023 Ingår i: Integrative Systematics. - : Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History. - 2628-2380. ; 6:SP1, s. 121-459 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
31.	Skenteris, Nikolaos T, et al. (författare) Osteomodulin attenuates smooth muscle cell osteogenic transition in vascular calcification 2022 Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2001-1326. ; 12:2, s. 1-22 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract RATIONALE: Vascular calcification is a prominent feature of late-stage diabetes, renal and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and has been linked to adverse events. Recent studies in patients reported that plasma levels of osteomodulin (OMD), a proteoglycan involved in bone mineralisation, associate with diabetes and CVD. We hypothesised that OMD could be implicated in these diseases via vascular calcification as a common underlying factor and aimed to investigate its role in this context.METHODS AND RESULTS: In patients with chronic kidney disease, plasma OMD levels correlated with markers of inflammation and bone turnover, with the protein present in calcified arterial media. Plasma OMD also associated with cardiac calcification and the protein was detected in calcified valve leaflets by immunohistochemistry. In patients with carotid atherosclerosis, circulating OMD was increased in association with plaque calcification as assessed by computed tomography. Transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that OMD was upregulated in atherosclerotic compared to control arteries, particularly in calcified plaques, where OMD expression correlated positively with markers of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), osteoblasts and glycoproteins. Immunostaining confirmed that OMD was abundantly present in calcified plaques, localised to extracellular matrix and regions rich in α-SMA+ cells. In vivo, OMD was enriched in SMCs around calcified nodules in aortic media of nephrectomised rats and in plaques from ApoE-/- mice on warfarin. In vitro experiments revealed that OMD mRNA was upregulated in SMCs stimulated with IFNγ, BMP2, TGFβ1, phosphate and β-glycerophosphate, and by administration of recombinant human OMD protein (rhOMD). Mechanistically, addition of rhOMD repressed the calcification process of SMCs treated with phosphate by maintaining their contractile phenotype along with enriched matrix organisation, thereby attenuating SMC osteoblastic transformation. Mechanistically, the role of OMD is exerted likely through its link with SMAD3 and TGFB1 signalling, and interplay with BMP2 in vascular tissues.CONCLUSION: We report a consistent association of both circulating and tissue OMD levels with cardiovascular calcification, highlighting the potential of OMD as a clinical biomarker. OMD was localised in medial and intimal α-SMA+ regions of calcified cardiovascular tissues, induced by pro-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic stimuli, while the presence of OMD in extracellular environment attenuated SMC calcification.
32.	Uamusse, Miguel M., et al. (författare) Access to sustainable electrification : Possibilities for rural Mozambique 2020 Ingår i: Cogent Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1916. ; 7:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We assess the sustainability of rural electrification in Manica Province, Mozambique, focusing on different alternatives for mini-grid and off-grid power supply. The qualitative assessment considers four dimensions of sustainability, namely environmental, socio-cultural, economic, and institutional. We argue that small-scale hydropower is the most sustainable alternative for off-grid or mini-grid solutions in rural Manica Province with good possibilities to scale up this to the major parts of rural Mozambique. The investigation shows that social acceptance for small-scale hydropower is high. Environmental sustainability of small-scale hydropower is higher than for PV systems. To speed up the electrification process, efficient rural electrification has to connect policy to local scale and institutional strengthening. The legislation needs to be improved, and there is a need for better institutional coordination for hydropower mini-grids’ regulation. Along this line, a national framework to support small and independent power producers is necessary.
33.	van Beek, Sten M. M., et al. (författare) Prolonged b(2)-adrenergic agonist treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese UCP1(-/-) mice 2021 Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 320:3, s. E619-E628 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Prolonged supplementation with the b2-agonist clenbuterol improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic rodents, likely via b2-adreno-ceptor (b2-AR)-mediated effects in the skeletal muscle and liver. However, since rodents have, in contrast to—especially diabetic—humans, substantial quantities of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and clenbuterol has affinity to b1- and b3-ARs, the contribution of BAT tothese improvements is unclear. Therefore, we investigated clenbuterol-mediated improvements in glucose homeostasis in uncouplingprotein 1-deficient (UCP1/) mice, lacking thermogenic BAT, versus wild-type (WT) mice. Anesthetized WT and UCP1/C57Bl/6 micewere injected with saline or clenbuterol and whole body oxygen consumption was measured. Furthermore, male WT and UCP1/C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 17-wk of chow feeding, high-fat feeding, or high-fat feeding with clenbuterol treatment betweenweeks 13 and 17. Body composition was measured weekly with MRI. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were per-formed in week 15 and 17, respectively. Clenbuterol increased oxygen consumption approximately twofold in WT mice. This increasewas blunted in UCP1/mice, indicating clenbuterol-mediated activation of BAT thermogenesis. High-fat feeding induced diabeto-genic phenotypes in both genotypes. However, low-dose clenbuterol treatment for 2 wk significantly reduced fasting blood glucoseby 12.9% in WT and 14.8% in UCP1/mice. Clenbuterol treatment improved glucose and insulin tolerance in both genotypes com-pared with HFD controls and normalized to chow-fed control mice independent of body mass and composition alterations.Clenbuterol improved whole body glucose homeostasis independent of UCP1. Given the low human abundancy of BAT, b2-AR ago-nist treatment provides a potential novel route for glucose disposal in diabetic humans.
34.	Weinreich, I. D., et al. (författare) Scandiatransplant Exchange Program (STEP): Development and Results From an International Kidney Exchange Program 2023 Ingår i: Transplantation Direct. - 2373-8731. ; 9:11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background. Kidney transplant candidates may be incompatible with their intended living donors because of the presence of antibodies against HLA and/or ABO. To increase the possibility of finding an acceptable kidney donor for these patients, the Scandiatransplant Exchange Program (STEP) program within Scandiatransplant was launched in 2019.Methods. This is a retrospective review of our experiences from the first 4 y of the STEP program, including details about the match runs, performed transplantations, and recipient outcomes within the program.Results. During 2019-2022, 11 match runs and 4 reruns were performed. In total, 114 pairs and 6 anonymous donors participated in these match runs. Fifty-one pairs (45%) participated in 1 match run, 31 pairs (27%) participated in 2 match runs, and 32 pairs (29%) participated in >= 3 match runs. Seventy-two individuals (63%) participated because of HLA incompatibility, 19 (17%) because of ABO incompatibility, and 7 (6%) because of both HLA and ABO incompatibility. Forty percent of the patients enrolled in the program underwent transplantation. In total, 49 transplantations have so far been performed within the program, and 46 (94%) of the recipients had a functioning kidney graft at follow-up in February 2023.Results. During 2019-2022, 11 match runs and 4 reruns were performed. In total, 114 pairs and 6 anonymous donors participated in these match runs. Fifty-one pairs (45%) participated in 1 match run, 31 pairs (27%) participated in 2 match runs, and 32 pairs (29%) participated in >= 3 match runs. Seventy-two individuals (63%) participated because of HLA incompatibility, 19 (17%) because of ABO incompatibility, and 7 (6%) because of both HLA and ABO incompatibility. Forty percent of the patients enrolled in the program underwent transplantation. In total, 49 transplantations have so far been performed within the program, and 46 (94%) of the recipients had a functioning kidney graft at follow-up in February 2023.Conclusions. The STEP program offers sensitized patients an enlarged pool of living donors and a chance of a compatible international living donor, resulting in an increased number of total transplantations. Currently, STEP is one of the largest transnational kidney exchange programs and has improved the situation for patients waiting for kidney transplantation in Scandiatransplant.
35.	Adamson, Carly, et al. (författare) Liver Tests and Outcomes in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction : Findings from DAPA-HF. 2022 Ingår i: European journal of heart failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 24:10, s. 1856-1868 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIMS: Reflecting both increased venous pressure and reduced cardiac output, abnormal liver tests are common in patients with severe heart failure and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of abnormal liver tests in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), explore any treatment interaction between bilirubin and sodium- glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and examine change in liver tests with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We explored these objectives in the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial, with focus on bilirubin. We calculated the incidence of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure by bilirubin tertile. Secondary cardiovascular outcomes were examined, along with the change in liver tests at the end-of-study visit. Baseline bilirubin was available in 4720 patients (99.5%). Participants in the highest bilirubin tertile (T3) have more severe HFrEF (lower left ventricular ejection fraction, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] and worse New York Heart Association class), had a greater burden of atrial fibrillation but less diabetes. Higher bilirubin (T3 vs. T1) was associated with worse outcomes even after adjustment for other predictive variables, including NT-proBNP and troponin T (adjusted hazard ratio for the primary outcome 1.73 [95% confidence interval 1.37-2.17], p $<$ 0.001; and 1.52 [1.12-2.07], p = 0.01 for cardiovascular death). Baseline bilirubin did not modify the benefits of dapagliflozin. During follow-up, dapagliflozin had no effect on liver tests. CONCLUSION: Bilirubin concentration was an independent predictor of worse outcomes but did not modify the benefits of dapagliflozin in HFrEF. Dapagliflozin was not associated with change in liver tests. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036124.
36.	Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, M.Sc. 1988- (författare) Drivers of evolutionary change in Podospora anserina 2020 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Genomic diversity is shaped by a myriad of forces acting in different directions. Some genes work in concert with the interests of the organism, often shaped by natural selection, while others follow their own interests. The latter genes are considered “selfish”, behaving either neutrally to the host, or causing it harm. In this thesis, I focused on genes that have substantial fitness effects on the fungus Podospora anserina and relatives, but whose effects are very contrasting. In Papers I and II, I explored the evolution of a particular type of selfish genetic elements that cause meiotic drive. Meiotic drivers manipulate the outcome of meiosis to achieve overrepresentation in the progeny, thus increasing their likelihood of invading and propagating in a population. In P. anserina there are multiple meiotic drivers but their genetic basis was previously unknown. In Paper I, we demonstrated that drive is caused by members of the Spok gene family. We discovered two new Spok genes, Spok3 and Spok4, which locate in different chromosomes in different strains. In Paper II, we showed that Spok3 and Spok4 are found on a gigantic (up to 247 Kb long) variant of Enterprise, a Crypton-like transposable element. Enterprise likely mobilize through the action of a putative tyrosine-recombinase that we call Kirc. When carrying the Spoks, this element has double selfish properties: transposition and meiotic drive. In addition, we found that homologs of the Spoks (Paper I) and of Kirc (Paper II) are widespread in fungi but their phylogenies are discordant with that of the species, suggesting that they have undergone horizontal gene transfer. In Papers III and IV, I turned the focus into genes that have an adaptive function. In fungi, the het genes control conspecific self/non-self recognition. Such genes are expected to evolve under frequency-dependent balancing selection. In Paper III, we found evidence of balancing selection acting on some het genes across the P. anserina species complex. Unexpectedly, we also discovered that het genes of the HNWD gene family are duplicated in a transposon-like manner, broadening our understanding of their potential fitness effects. Finally, in Paper IV we show how het genes with pleiotropic effects on sexual recognition lead to the evolution of strong reproductive isolation, and hence speciation. Overall, the results of my thesis highlight the functional intersection between mobile selfish genetic elements and other genes, either selfish or adaptive, and their effects on genome architecture and population structure.
37.	Bengtsson, Dennis, 1995-, et al. (författare) The effects of interpersonal development programmes with sport coaches and parents on youth athlete outcomes : a systematic review and meta-analysis 2024 Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 70 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Interpersonal coach-and parent development programmes (CDP and PDP, respectively), have the goal to foster positive youth sport experiences through high-quality relations between coaches, parents, and youth athletes. In this paper we systematically reviewed the extant literature and estimate the overall magnitude of such programmes and how they can inform future interventions. Specifically, we aimed to: (a) conduct a systematic review on the literature of interpersonal CDPs and PDPs within the youth sport context; (b) examine the effects of such interventions on youth athlete outcomes via a meta-analysis. English written peer-reviewed publications and grey literature was identified through electronic search in databases and manual searches of reference lists. By utilising a priori criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 33 studies describing interpersonal CDPs, and PDPs were identified in the systematic review. Studies that presented required data for estimation of Hedge's g effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis (k = 27). By and large, the included studies used a quasi-experimental design (58%), sampled from team sports (79%), and reported several delivery methods (e.g., workshops, audio feedback, observations, peer group discussions) and outcome measures (e.g., anxiety, autonomous motivation, self-confidence). Some interventions were based on the same delivery protocols (e.g., Coach Effectiveness Training, Mastery Approach to Coaching) or theoretical frameworks (e.g., Achievement Goal Theory, Self-Determination Theory). The meta-analysis showed statistically significant small, and medium, effect sizes on a subsample of youth athlete outcomes (e.g., task-related climate, fun and enjoyment, anxiety), indicating that coach interpersonal skills can contribute to positive youth sport experiences. Theory-based interpersonal CDPs and PDPs are recommended to expand the knowledge in this field of research.
38.	Bengtsson, Dennis, 1995-, et al. (författare) The effects of interpersonal development programmes with sport coaches and parents on youth athlete outcomes : A systematic review and meta-analysis 2024 Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 70 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Interpersonal coach-and parent development programmes (CDP and PDP, respectively), have the goal to foster positive youth sport experiences through high-quality relations between coaches, parents, and youth athletes. In this paper we systematically reviewed the extant literature and estimate the overall magnitude of such programmes and how they can inform future interventions. Specifically, we aimed to: (a) conduct a systematic review on the literature of interpersonal CDPs and PDPs within the youth sport context; (b) examine the effects of such interventions on youth athlete outcomes via a meta-analysis. English written peer-reviewed publications and grey literature was identified through electronic search in databases and manual searches of reference lists. By utilising a priori criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 33 studies describing interpersonal CDPs, and PDPs were identified in the systematic review. Studies that presented required data for estimation of Hedge's g effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis (k = 27). By and large, the included studies used a quasi-experimental design (58%), sampled from team sports (79%), and reported several delivery methods (e.g., workshops, audio feedback, observations, peer group discussions) and outcome measures (e.g., anxiety, autonomous motivation, self-confidence). Some interventions were based on the same delivery protocols (e.g., Coach Effectiveness Training, Mastery Approach to Coaching) or theoretical frameworks (e.g., Achievement Goal Theory, Self-Determination Theory). The meta-analysis showed statistically significant small, and medium, effect sizes on a subsample of youth athlete outcomes (e.g., task-related climate, fun and enjoyment, anxiety), indicating that coach interpersonal skills can contribute to positive youth sport experiences. Theory-based interpersonal CDPs and PDPs are recommended to expand the knowledge in this field of research. © 2023 The Authors
39.	Bengtsson, Julia, et al. (författare) Insects as food : the impact of information, sustainability, and physical activities on consumer attitudes 2022 Ingår i: Menu. - : Institut Paul Bocue Research Center. ; 10, s. 32-36 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract A balanced diet providing sufficient energy and nutrition is considered important by most people who are interested in physical exercise. Traditionally, foods of animal origin, i.e. meats, eggs and dairy products, are often highly valued as protein sourcesfor physically active persons, since they contain all the essential amino acids and important micronutrients.Insects are eaten regularly as part of the diet in approximately 120 countries. In the western world, however, insects are more rarely accepted as food, despite their good nutritional content and limited environmental impact.The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of physically active consumers towards insects as food and whether these attitudes were affected by information about nutrition and sustainability.In conclusion, this study showed that the attitudes of physically active Swedish consumers towards insects as food were not affected by information about positive nutritional and sustainability aspects. The result showed great complexity concerning food attitudes.
40.	Bengtsson, Jakob, et al. (författare) Interplay between shell structure and trap deformation in dipolar Fermi gases 2020 Ingår i: Physical Review A. - 2469-9926. ; 102 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Finite fermion systems are known to exhibit shell structure in the weakly interacting regime, as is well known from atoms, nuclei, metallic clusters, or even quantum dots in two dimensions. All these systems have in common that the particle interactions between electrons or nucleons are spatially isotropic. Dipolar quantum systems as they have been realized with ultracold gases, however, are governed by an intrinsic anisotropy of the two-body interaction that depends on the orientation of the dipoles relative to each other. Here we investigate how this interaction anisotropy modifies the shell structure in a weakly interacting two-dimensional anisotropic harmonic trap. Going beyond Hartree-Fock analysis by applying the so-called importance-truncated configuration-interaction (CI) method as well as quadratic CI with single and double substitutions, we show how the magnetostriction in the system may be counteracted upon by a deformation of the confinement.
41.	Bengtsson, K., et al. (författare) Higher risk of incident fracture in patients with ankylosing spondylitis compared to the general population 2020 Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79, s. 745-746 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by pathologic new bone formation and bone loss. Vertebral fracture (VF) is a known complication of AS, whereas the risk of other major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) is less studied.Objectives: To estimate incidence rates (IRs) of incident fractures (any, VF and other MOF (humerus, forearm and hip)) in patients with AS compared to controls from general population.Methods: This is a nationwide, register-based and observational cohort study including patients diagnosed with AS (n=11611, 65% men, mean age 48 years) identified in the National patient register (NPR) 2001 through 2015, and age- and sex-matched controls (n=58050) from the Swedish Population Register. The study period started 1 January 2007 or 3 months after the first AS diagnosis, whichever came later, and ended at the first occurrence of each fracture outcome (identified in the NPR), death, emigration or 31 December 2016. Patients and controls with any prior fracture in NPR within a 6-year period before start of the study period were not included. Any fracture (except skull and phalangeal fractures), VF and other MOF were identified in NPR according to pre-specified ICD codes. Each fracture outcome was analysed separately. Poisson regression was used to calculate IRs and incidence rate ratios (IRRs), overall and stratified by sex. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted.Results: In total 807 (7.0%) of patients with AS and 3201 (5.5%) of matched controls had a history of prior fracture within a 6-year period, and were excluded from further analyses. We noted higher IRs for any fracture, VF and other MOF in AS vs controls, see Figure for Kaplan-Meier curves and Table for IRs and IRRs. In sex-stratified analyses, men with AS (vs. male controls) had a higher relative risk for all fracture outcomes, whereas among women with AS (vs. female controls), a higher relative risk was demonstrated for any fracture and VF. 5-year cumulative incidence for any fracture, VF and other MOF was 6.2%, 1.6% and 1.7%, respectively in AS and 4.3%, 0.3% and 1.2%, respectively in controls.
42.	Bengtsson, K, et al. (författare) RISK FACTORS FOR NON-VERTEBRAL FRACTURES IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS 2022 Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 81, s. 785-786 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Osteoporosis is common in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and a risk factor for fragility fractures. Additional established risk factors for fractures in the general population include higher age, female sex, previous fracture, fall tendency, glucocorticoid treatment, insulin dependent diabetes, smoking and high alcohol consumption.ObjectivesTo estimate the influence of established risk factors for fragility fractures on the development of non-vertebral fractures in AS and population controls.MethodsThrough linkage of national population and health care registers 2001-2016, patients with AS (n=11611, 65.5% men, mean age 48 years) and age-, sex- and geography-matched population controls (n=58050) were identified and from 1 January 2007 (or 3 months after the first registered AS diagnosis if this occurred later) followed prospectively until the time of a non-vertebral fracture, death, emigration or end of study (30 December 2016). Occurrence of established risk factors for a fracture and AS related characteristics at start of follow-up were identified in the National Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers using ICD-10 and ATC codes. Smoking status and anthropometric measurements are not available in these registers. Chi-square, Fischer’s exact test and T tests were used to compare between subjects with and without a non-vertebral fracture during follow-up, separately for AS and controls. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate the influence of each established risk factor in AS and controls. Risk factors for which there were ≤20 observed events in the AS cohort were not included. Results are presented as incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn total 974 (8.4%) patients with AS and 4106 (7.1%) of their controls were registered with a non-vertebral fracture during the study period. The characteristics of the patients and controls at start of follow-up are presented in Table 1 stratified by fracture status during follow-up. Figure 1 displays the results from the Poisson regression.Table 1.ASControlsNo fracture (n=10637)Fracture (n=974)P-valueNo fracture (n=53944)Fracture (n=4106)P-valueMale sex7002 (65.8)603 (61.9)0.01435448 (65.7)2572 (62.6)<0.001Mean age (SD)47.6 (14.7)53.8 (14.8)<0.00147.8 (14.7)53.0 (15.0)<0.001Prior fracture667 (6.3)140 (14.4)<0.0012715 (5.0)486 (11.8)<0.001Osteoporosis359 (3.4)83 (8.5)<0.001367 (0.7)85 (2.1)<0.001Fall injury without fracture714 (6.7)97 (10.0)<0.0013205 (5.9)350 (8.5)<0.001Harmful use of alcohol158 (1.5)26 (2.7)0.005889 (1.6)171 (4.2)<0.001Hyperthyroidism39 (0.4)7 (0.7)0.105180 (0.3)19 (0.5)0.173Diabetes type 1178 (1.7)30 (3.1)0.002651 (1.2)80 (1.9)<0.001Liver disease66 (0.6)10 (1.0)0.132197 (0.4)32 (0.8)<0.001Malnutrition8 (0.1)3 (0.3)0.05816 (0.0)2 (0.0)0.367Hypogonadism or premature menopause11 (0.1)1 (0.1)1.00033 (0.1)0 (0.0)0.169Use of oral glucocorticoids#1531 (14.4)152 (15.6)0.304839 (1.6)97 (2.4)<0.001Anterior uveitis2168 (20.4)204 (20.9)0.677317 (0.6)32 (0.8)0.126Psoriasis316 (3.0)34 (3.5)0.364605 (1.1)58 (1.4)0.091Inflammatory bowel disease675 (6.3)64 (6.6)0.783441 (0.8)35 (0.9)0.811Use of any DMARD¤3411 (32.1)266 (27.3)0.002465 (0.9)52 (1.3)0.008Use of TNF inhibitor¤1539 (14.5)109 (11.2)0.00543 (0.1)4 (0.1)0.573The data is presented as number (%) if not stated otherwise. Diagnosed osteoporosis and/or use of osteoporosis medication. #Prednisolone equivalent cumulative dose of ≥450 mg within the last year before start of follow-up. ¤Use within the last year before start of follow-up.Figure 1.Multivariable Poisson regression analyses for a non-vertebral fracture during follow-up, with results presented for each included baseline variable as IRR with 95% CI, separately for AS and controls.ConclusionThe influence of established risk factors for fragility fractures in AS is similar to that in the general population; in both populations with advanced age, prior fracture and harmful use of alcohol being the strongest risk factors.Disclosure of InterestsKarin Bengtsson: None declared, Johan Askling Grant/research support from: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi, and UCB, Mattias Lorentzon: None declared, Björn Rosengren: None declared, Anna Deminger: None declared, Eva Klingberg: None declared, Lennart T.H. Jacobsson Speakers bureau: Lecture and consulting fees from Novartis, Eli Lilly and Janssen, Helena Forsblad-d’Elia: None declared
43.	Bengtsson, M., et al. (författare) Is there a difference in judgement of facial appearance depending on ethnic background? Photographic evaluation of facial appearance in orthognathic surgery 2020 Ingår i: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-4356 .- 1532-1940. ; 58:7, s. 812-818 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Is there a variation in facial ideals depending on ethnic background that affects judgements of outcome in orthognathic surgery? How does the evaluation correlate with patient-reported outcome measures? Two evaluation panels, Singaporean and Swedish, judged photographs of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery taken before and after operation. Improvement in facial aesthetics was calculated between the two ratings. The result was compared between the panels and correlated with health-related quality of life (QoL) measures. Thirty male and 27 female patients aged between 18 and 28 years (mean 21) were included, and 52 subjects were eligible for comparison of health-related QoL. The photographic evaluation showed that both panels judged there to be significant improvement in facial aesthetics after treatment (p < 0.001). The Singaporean panel rated the overall facial appearance higher than the Swedish panel when evaluating photographs both before (p = 0.025) and after (p = 0.032) operation. Improvement of the overall facial appearance showed no significant difference between the panels (p > 0.30). No correlation between health-related QoL and improvement of facial appearance was found by either panel. Subjective evaluation of facial aesthetics in orthognathic surgery is unaffected by the observer's ethnic origin. Independently of their ethnicity, the evaluation juries found that facial aesthetics improved after orthognathic surgery. Improvement reported by the juries corresponded to that reported by patients. © 2020 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
44.	Bengtsson, Maria M. (författare) Determinants of de jure adoption of international financial reporting standards : a review 2021 Ingår i: Pacific Accounting Review. - 0114-0582. ; 34:1, s. 156-173 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to systematically review extant studies on what makes a country fully, partially or not adopt international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and categorize these factors into meaningful categories. In so doing, this study facilitates policy-making for accounting and economic standard setters and also points out conflicting viewpoints in the current literature, thus, opportunities for future research. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is a literature review on academic studies that examine factors influencing national adoption of IFRS. The reviewed articles are limited to published, peer-reviewed papers only. Findings: Overall, the review suggests that although a wide range of determinants on national adoption of IFRS has been identified, prior literature consists of conflicting viewpoints on what influence national accounting policies toward IFRS, thus, highlighting areas in which there are needs for future research. Research limitations/implications: First, this study focuses only on the de jure adoption of IFRS. Second, the study focuses mainly on research findings, not theory use in the extant literature. Originality/value: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study, which provides a comprehensive review of studies on de jure IFRS adoption.
45.	Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al. (författare) Towards monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in the environment: For what reasons, how to implement it, and what are the data needs? 2023 Ingår i: Environment International. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 178 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human and animal health and well-being. To understand AMR dynamics, it is important to monitor resistant bacteria and resistance genes in all relevant settings. How-ever, while monitoring of AMR has been implemented in clinical and veterinary settings, comprehensive monitoring of AMR in the environment is almost completely lacking. Yet, the environmental dimension of AMR is critical for understanding the dissemination routes and selection of resistant microorganisms, as well as the human health risks related to environmental AMR. Here, we outline important knowledge gaps that impede implementation of environmental AMR monitoring. These include lack of knowledge of the 'normal' background levels of environmental AMR, definition of high-risk environments for transmission, and a poor understanding of the concentrations of antibiotics and other chemical agents that promote resistance selection. Furthermore, there is a lack of methods to detect resistance genes that are not already circulating among pathogens. We conclude that these knowledge gaps need to be addressed before routine monitoring for AMR in the environment can be implemented on a large scale. Yet, AMR monitoring data bridging different sectors is needed in order to fill these knowledge gaps, which means that some level of national, regional and global AMR surveillance in the envi-ronment must happen even without all scientific questions answered. With the possibilities opened up by rapidly advancing technologies, it is time to fill these knowledge gaps. Doing so will allow for specific actions against environmental AMR development and spread to pathogens and thereby safeguard the health and wellbeing of humans and animals.
46.	Bhavadharini, B., et al. (författare) Association of dairy consumption with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes in 147 812 individuals from 21 countries 2020 Ingår i: Bmj Open Diabetes Research & Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 8:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective Our aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study. Methods The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In thecross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). Forthe prospective analyses, we examined the association of dairy with incident hypertension (in 57 547 individuals free of hypertension) and diabetes (in 131 481 individuals free of diabetes). Results In cross-sectional analysis, higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day compared with zero intake; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.80, p-trend<0.0001) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS after multivariable adjustment. Higher intakes of whole fat dairy consumed alone (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.78, p-trend<0.0001), or consumed jointly with low fat dairy (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.98, p-trend=0.0005), were associated with a lower MetS prevalence. Low fat dairy consumed alone was not associated with MetS (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.38, p-trend=0.13). In prospective analysis, 13 640 people with incident hypertension and 5351 people with incident diabetes were recorded. Higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day vs zero serving/day) was associated with a lower incidence of hypertension (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97, p-trend=0.02) and diabetes (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.02, p-trend=0.01). Directionally similar associations were found for whole fat dairy versus each outcome. Conclusions Higher intake of whole fat (but not low fat) dairy was associated with alower prevalenceof MetS and most of its component factors, and with alower incidenceof hypertension and diabetes. Our findings should be evaluated in large randomized trials of the effects of whole fat dairy on the risks of MetS, hypertension, and diabetes.
47.	Bjorkstrom, K, et al. (författare) A personalized treatment program in persons with type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduction in liver steatosis 2021 Ingår i: European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology. - 1473-5687. ; 33:11, s. 1420-1426 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
48.	Bonagas, Nadilly, et al. (författare) Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress 2022 Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
49.	Colliander Celik, Å, et al. (författare) Därför krävs det stora satsningar på geografi och geovetenskap 2021 Ingår i: Läraren. - 1101-2633. Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Som geografer, geovetare och geografilärare frågar vi oss varför kunskaper om vår livsmiljö, och de processer som styr den, är så styvmoderligt behandlade i skolan när vårt samhälle och stora delar av vår civilisation står inför många stora utmaningar, skriver 52 tunga företrädare.
50.	Creary, LE, et al. (författare) ASSOCIATION OF EXTENDED HLA CLASS I AND II HAPLOTYPES WITH EARLY-ONSET AND LATE-ONSET MYASTHENIA GRAVIS IN ITALIAN, NORWEGIAN, AND SWEDISH POPULATIONS 2020 Ingår i: HLA. - 2059-2302. ; 95:4, s. 282-282 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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