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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene variation and hypertension in subjects with type 2 diabetes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 37:5, s. 1303-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (5'LC-Arg19Cys, Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu) are associated with hypertension in patients with or without type 2 diabetes and with the blood pressure levels in normotensive sib pairs. The association study included 291 hypertensive patients without type 2 diabetes, 124 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, and 265 healthy control subjects from SWEDEN: In addition, normotensive sib pairs that were discordant for the Arg16Gly (72 pairs) and Gln27Glu (40 pairs) polymorphisms were identified in type 2 diabetes families from FINLAND: Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Homozygous carriers of the Arg16 allele had a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes (OR 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 4.33), particularly among lean (body mass index<27 kg/m(2)) patients (OR 3.47; 95% CI, 1.06 to 11.33). The Gln27 allele showed a weaker association to hypertension (OR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.41) and was found to be in linkage disequilibrium with the Cys19 allele of the 5'LC-Arg19Cys polymorphism. In the paired-sibling analysis, siblings with at least 1 copy of the Arg16 allele had higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.049), and nondiabetic siblings had a higher body mass index (P=0.026) than siblings homozygous for the Gly16 allele. These results indicate that the Arg16 allele of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene confers an increased risk for hypertension in subjects with type 2 diabetes and is associated with higher blood pressure levels and higher body mass index in sib pairs who are discordant for the polymorphism.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphism in the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor gene and hypertension
- 2001
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 104:2, s. 187-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Arg389 variant of the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor gene mediates a higher isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity than the Gly389 variant in vitro. We investigated whether the Arg389Gly or the Ser49Gly polymorphism is associated with hypertension in Scandinavians. Methods and Results-- A total of 292 unrelated, nondiabetic, hypertensive patients and 265 unrelated healthy control subjects were included in a case-control association study. From 118 families, 102 nondiabetic sibling pairs without antihypertensive medication who were discordant for the Arg389Gly polymorphism were selected for a sibling study. Allele and genotype frequencies of the Arg389Gly and Ser49Gly polymorphisms were compared between hypertensive patients and normotensive control subjects. Blood pressure and heart rate were compared between carriers of the different genotypes. In the case-control study, the age- and body mass index-adjusted odds ratio for hypertension in subjects homozygous for the Arg389 allele was 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.7; P=0.0005) when compared with carriers of 1 or 2 copies of the Gly389 allele. The genotype-discordant sibling pair analysis revealed that siblings homozygous for the Arg389 allele had significantly higher diastolic blood pressures (79.4+/-9.9 versus 76.0+/-10.1 mm Hg; P=0.003) and higher heart rates (68.3+/-11.0 versus 65.1+/-9.4 bpm; P=0.02) than siblings carrying 1 or 2 copies of the Gly389 allele. The Ser49Gly polymorphism was not associated with hypertension. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that individuals homozygous for the Arg389 allele of the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor gene are at increased risk to develop hypertension.
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| 6. |
- Ehn, Britt-Marie, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Modification of IgE binding during heat processing of the cow's milk allergen beta-lactoglobulin
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Agric Food Chem. ; 52:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of heat treatment on the IgE binding ability of beta-lactoglobulin, as pure protein or in whole milk, was studied by inhibition of IgE antibody binding using FEIA-CAP inhibition. A slight but significant decreased IgE binding was seen between unheated and heat-treated beta-lactoglobulin solution at 74 degrees C (IC(50) = 2.03 and 3.59 microg/mL, respectively, p = 0.032). A more pronounced decrease was found at 90 degrees C with an IC(50) of 8.45 microg/mL (p = 0.014). The inhibition of IgE binding of milk after heat treatment at 90 degrees C was also significantly decreased (p = 0.007). However, at all heat treatments, a similar total amount of IgE antibodies could be inhibited at a sufficiently high concentration of beta-lactoglobulin. The inhibiting ability of beta-lactoglobulin was significantly impaired in some fermented acidified milk products such as yogurt as compared to that in nonfermented milk (p < 0.001). There was only a small difference of IgE binding between the native forms of genetic variants A and B.
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| 7. |
- Gellerstedt, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of subjective symptoms in double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges - interobserver reliability
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 59, s. 354-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subjective symptoms after food challenges are difficult to interpret and no standard is available. We discuss a strategy for how to interpret a diary. Furthermore, the interobserver reliability is evaluated. METHODS: Diaries for 32 patients with subjective symptoms were used. The diaries were re-evaluated with a predefined strategy by three independent observers. RESULTS: The proportion of positives was 21.9% among the old diagnoses, according to the new approach 34.4% (observers I and II) and 37.5% (observer III) were positive. The new approach had high interobserver reliability (97 and 100%). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of positives depends on how subjective symptoms are interpreted. Interpretations of subjective symptoms in diaries could be made with high interobserver reliability.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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ZrO2 and ZrO2/Y2O3 gate dielectrics prepared by evaporation and annealing processes
- 2002
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Ingår i: ASDAM '02. Conference Proceedings. Fourth International Conference on Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Microsystems. ; , s. 279-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrical characteristics of MOS capacitors with ZrO2 gate dielectric prepared by e-beam evaporation of Zr or Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and subsequent thermal treatment are reported. With this method dielectrics corresponding to an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.9 nm and a relative dielectric constant of approximately 15 have been prepared. The effect of annealing on Zr incorporation into the Si substrate is investigated SIMS analysis showed no signs of Zr diffusion in the substrate at temperatures as high as 900°C and that significant diffusion from the dielectric layer occur only at 1100°C
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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ZrO2 gate dielectrics prepared by e-beam deposition of Zr and YSZ films and post annealing processes
- 2002
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Ingår i: ESSDERC 2002. Proceedings of the 32nd European Solid-State Device Research Conference. ; , s. 419-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present the electrical performance of MOS capacitors with ZrO2 gate dielectric prepared by e-beam evaporation of zirconium and yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and subsequent thermal treatment. To this stage we have reached an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.9 nm. The effect of post-oxidation annealing on Zr incorporation into the Si substrate is investigated. SIMS analysis showed no signs of Zr diffusion in the substrate at temperatures as high as 900°C and that significant diffusion occurs only at 1100°C
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Anne-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Bet v 1 homologues in strawberry identified as IgE-binding proteins and presumptive allergens
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 59:12, s. 1277-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No strawberry allergen has so far been identified and characterized. Methods: Serum samples were collected from patients with a suggestive case history of adverse reactions to strawberry and other fruits. Extracts from fresh and frozen strawberries were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blotting and mass spectrometry. Patient blood samples were analysed for inhibition of IgE binding and basophil degranulation. Results: Several IgE-binding proteins could be detected. In more than half of the patient sera, a 20/18-kDa doublet band was observed in Western blotting. These two bands were excised and analysed by mass spectrometry showing the presence of proteins belonging to the Bet v 1 family of allergens. Inhibition of the IgE binding to the 20/18-kDa doublet was obtained by addition of two recombinantly expressed allergens belonging to the Bet v 1 family (Bet v 1 and Mal d 1) and strawberry protein extract. In a cell-based assay of patient blood samples, basophil degranulation could be induced by strawberry protein extract and by Bet v 1 and Mal d 1. Conclusions: We conclude that strawberry homologues to Bet v 1 may be allergens of importance for adverse reactions to strawberry.
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| 11. |
- Lin, Xiao Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Local allergic reaction in food-hypersensitive adults despite a lack of systemic food-specific IgE
- 2002
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Ingår i: J Allergy Clin Immunol. ; 109:5 Pt 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Objective tools are lacking for the diagnosis of local gastrointestinal inflammatory reactions in skin prick test (SPT)-negative and serum IgE antibody (s-IgE Ab)-negative patients with suspected food allergy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the presence of eosinophils, T cells, local IgE-bearing cells, IL-4, and IFN-gamma in small intestinal biopsy specimens from adult SPT-negative/s-IgE Ab-negative patients with food allergy during symptomatic and nonsymptomatic periods. METHODS: Fourteen patients with food allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms confirmed by double-blinded, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) were investigated. Eleven of the patients were SPT-negative and s-IgE Ab-negative. Sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls. Duodenal biopsies were studied with immunostaining through use of a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for eosinophils, CD3, CD4, CD8, IgE, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. RESULTS: Significant increases in numbers of MBP(+) eosinophils, IgE-bearing cells, and T cells were found in the duodenal mucosa of the patients when they were symptomatic in comparison with when they were asymptomatic and in comparison with healthy controls. Numbers of IL-4(+) cells were increased and numbers of IFN-gamma(+) cells were reduced in the patients when they were symptomatic in comparison with when they were asymptomatic and in comparison with the controls. There were no differences in total s-IgE levels between any of the groups. CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was found between the appearance of symptoms of food hypersensitivity and the duodenal presence of IgE-bearing cells, activated eosinophils, and T cells in patients with negative SPT results and negative s-IgE Ab to the offending food. We suggest that a localized IgE-mediated response caused the gastrointestinal symptoms seen in these patients.
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| 12. |
- Magnusson, J, et al.
(författare)
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A kinetic study in adults with food hypersensitivity assessed as eosinophil activation in fecal samples
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 33:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated food hypersensitivity affecting the gut is difficult to evaluate, and objective tools to diagnose local gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory reactions are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether allergic manifestations in adults with a history of food-related GI symptoms could be assessed in feces during symptomatic and non-symptomatic periods, using the surrogate markers, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS: Thirteen subjects with food hypersensitivity-related GI symptoms, confirmed by a positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), were subjected to an open kinetic food challenge design for 6 weeks. Symptoms were recorded and scored during the 3-week study period and stool samples were obtained every day. The surrogate markers ECP, EPX and MPO were measured in the supernatants from feces samples. RESULTS: A significant increase in abdominal pain, distension and flatulence was observed during challenge, with a gradual decrease during elimination diet. Both between days and subjects, EPX levels were more frequently increased compared to ECP and MPO. Individuals with a history of a short duration of symptoms had significantly higher mean levels of EPX and MPO than those with a longer duration of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: An overall increase in levels of eosinophil markers, in particular EPX, was observed in feces from patients with food-related GI symptoms. However, rather than being a tool to differentiate symptomatic from non-symptomatic periods, EPX might be used for detecting an ongoing clinical or subclinical chronic inflammation, that may have an impact on the patient's clinical course of GI symptoms.
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| 13. |
- Magnusson, Jenny, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal intestinal inflammation in patients with birch pollen allergy
- 2003
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Ingår i: J Allergy Clin Immunol. ; 112:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The pathophysiologic interactions of inflammatory reactions between the mucosa of the respiratory tract and that of the gastrointestinal tract in individuals with allergy are poorly studied, despite the fact that allergic symptoms in the airways and the gastrointestinal tract might arise in the same patient. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the inflammatory response histologically by enumerating eosinophils, IgE+ cells, and T cells in duodenal biopsy specimens in adult patients with IgE-mediated birch pollen allergy during the birch pollen season and off-season. METHODS: Nine patients with birch pollen allergy verified by skin prick test and serum IgE antibodies were investigated toward the end of the birch pollen season and again 6 months later (off-season). Duodenal biopsy specimens were obtained and studied by immunostaining for the eosinophil major basic protein (MBP), IgE, and CD3+ T cells. RESULTS: Oral allergy syndrome to birch-associated foods was present in all patients as indicated by questionnaire. Duodenal increases of MBP+ eosinophils and IgE-bearing cells were found in the patients during the birch pollen season as compared with off-season. No seasonal differences in the T-cell numbers in these patients were seen. Off-season, there was no significant difference between the patients and the control subjects regarding the intestinal frequencies of MBP+ eosinophils, mucosal IgE+ cells, and T cells. CONCLUSION: Birch pollen exposure triggered a local inflammation with an increase in duodenal eosinophils and IgE-carrying mast cells in patients with allergy. Our study gives evidence for the interplay between immunologically active cells in the airways and the gut.
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| 14. |
- Melander, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants of thiazide-sensitive NaCl-cotransporter in Gitelman's syndrome and primary hypertension
- 2000
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 36:3, s. 389-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gitelman's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by electrolyte disturbances and low blood pressure. The disease is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous inactivating mutations in the thiazide-sensitive NaCl-cotransporter gene leading to reduced renal sodium reabsorption. We report 4 patients with Gitelman's syndrome from southern Sweden, all in whom we identified compound heterozygous mutations in the thiazide-sensitive NaCl-cotransporter gene (Gly439Ser, Gly731Arg, Gly741Arg, Thr304Pro, and 2745insAGCA), of which the latter 2 have not been described before. We hypothesized that such mutations in their heterozygous form protect against primary hypertension in the general population and that the gene may also harbor activating mutations that increase the risk for primary hypertension. Accordingly, the gene was screened for mutations in 20 patients with primary hypertension and in 20 normotensive subjects by single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct DNA sequencing. The Arg904Gln, Gly264Ala, and C1420T variants, found in the mutation screening of subjects without Gitelman's syndrome, were studied further. Population genotype frequencies were determined in 292 unrelated patients with primary hypertension and 264 unrelated normotensive subjects from southern Sweden. Gln904 homozygotes were overrepresented in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects (5 of 292 versus 0 of 264; P:=0.03). In conclusion, we confirm that Gitelman's syndrome is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive NaCl-cotransporter gene. Our results further suggest that subjects homozygous for the Gln904 variant have an increased risk for development of primary hypertension.
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| 15. |
- Millqvist, Eva, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Combining a beta2-agonist with a face mask to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
- 2000
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Ingår i: Allergy. ; 55:7, s. 672-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to test the effect of combining a P2-agonist with a heat- and moisture-exchanging cellulose face mask in patients with bronchoconstriction induced by exercise in cold air. METHODS: Nine allergic, asthmatic patients with a history of adverse reaction to exercise were tested on an ergometric bicycle at a temperature of approximately -10 degrees C. They were in turn given no treatment, given premedication with a beta2-agonist, allowed to breathe through a heat- and moisture-exchanging cellulose face mask, and given both premedication and the face mask. After each treatment regimen, they were subjected to provocation with exercise and cold air. RESULTS: The decrease in FEV, was greatest with no therapy (mean maximal change: 27%), and this diminished when the face mask was used (mean maximal change: 12%,) or premedication with a 32-agonist was given (mean maximal change: 7%); no decrease in FEV1 occurred with the combination of agonist and face mask. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that different mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of exercise- induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). This finding may be of importance for asthmatic athletes who train and compete in a cold climate and are affected by small changes in their lung function.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Van Odijk, Jenny, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Specific IgE antibodies to peanut in western Sweden - has the occurrence of peanut allergy increased despite constant consumption?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Allergy. ; 56, s. 573-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sensitization to peanut has seldom been investigated in Sweden. Therefore, all IgE-specific tests for peanut during a 5-year period were reviewed to study the relation between the levels of specific IgE antibody to peanut and age, sex, symptoms, and other atopic manifestations. Methods: All serum samples were analyzed for IgE antibodies to peanut in relation to sex, age, clinical reactions, and other food allergens. A subgroup was asked to answer a questionnaire about symptoms and atopic manifestations in relation to IgE antibody levels. Results: During the study period, 2417 tests were made for peanut. There was an increased prevalence of detectable IgE antibodies during the years studied. More than 80 individuals under 2 years of age were sensitized to peanut. In the subgroup, individuals with detectable IgE antibodies reported a shorter reaction time after eating peanuts than individuals with normal IgE antibody levels (P<0.05). Conclusions: The reaction pattern to peanuts in Sweden is similar to that in many other countries despite a reported steady and low consumption. The severity of symptoms was connected to age and IgE antibody level. Patients with normal or low IgE antibody levels were not always free of symptoms even though their risk of allergic symptoms was reduced.
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| 18. |
- Van Odijk, Jenny, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Specific immunoglobulin E antibodies to peanut over time in relation to peanut intake, symptoms and age
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatr Allergy Immunol. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical outcome of peanut allergy and some factors associated with development of peanut allergy remain unsolved. It has not been clarified to what extent peanut intake affects immunoglobulin (IgE) antibody formation in peanut sensitized individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the development of peanut hypersensitivity in children and adolescents with specific IgE antibodies to peanut, using questionnaires and current serum tests and comparing it to information obtained 5-6 yr earlier, to investigate how peanut intake during this period related to subject age, IgE antibody levels and symptoms and to investigate what information this patient group was given at the time of diagnosis regarding avoidance of peanut related food. All patients with detectable peanut-specific IgE antibodies investigated during 1994-1996 deriving from two allergy laboratories in the western region of Sweden were traced and reinvestigated (n=132). A total of 111 subjects (63 with peanut allergy and 48 peanut sensitized) participated in the questionnaire. Eighty-six of them consented to be enrolled in a further interview and renewed testing of specific IgE antibody to peanut 5 yr later. All tests were done using the Pharmacia CAP system. Increased IgE antibody levels during follow-up was related to age; subjects 0-6 yr at initial test occasion were more likely to have higher IgE antibody class than the older individuals (p=0.018). Exposure to peanut during the study, i.e. 5-6 yr since diagnosis, did not seem to affect the result. During the follow-up period, 29 out of 86 (34%) increased their IgE antibody class. At the second test occasion the remaining subjects had similar (28%) or lowered (38%) levels of IgE antibodies. Exposure to peanut during follow-up was more common in subjects with IgE antibody class 1-3 compared to subjects with high value (> 3) at the initial test (p=0.003). Reported symptoms during follow-up were also more common in subjects with initially high IgE antibody value. Individuals with initially high IgE antibodies to peanut had been given more information about peanut allergy and cross-reacting allergens than other individuals. The subjects over 6 yr of age showed a decrease in peanut-specific IgE class over a 5-yr period. Together with the literature, our result suggest that follow-up and renewed testing is recommended, since there may be a change in IgE antibody classes and clinical sensitivity over time. Even in Sweden, with a low consumption of peanuts, the youngest individuals with peanut sensitization experienced a similar course of events that has been reported in other countries.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Wowern, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Functional Variant in the {alpha}2B Adrenoceptor Gene, a Positional Candidate on Chromosome 2, Associates With Hypertension.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 43:592, s. 592-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a genome-wide scan in Scandinavians, we found suggestive linkage between early-onset primary hypertension and a region on chromosome 2. The 2B-adrenoceptor gene, a candidate gene within this region, harbors a functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of three glutamate residues. The aim of this study was to investigate if the DD genotype is associated with hypertension in Swedes. We performed an association study between the I/D polymorphism of the 2B-adrenoceptor and hypertension in the Skaraborg population. The material consists of all known patients with primary hypertension in Skara (n772 nondiabetic subjects; n171 normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic subjects) and 817 population control subjects. We first compared genotype frequencies between patients with early-onset hypertension (aged 50 years or younger at onset) and subjects with normotension (blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg). Thereafter, the polymorphism was tested for association with hypertension at the population level. When comparing patients with early-onset hypertension and normotensive subjects, the DD versus II genotype was associated with early-onset hypertension when diabetic subjects were excluded from the analysis (OR2.0; 95% CI1.2 to 3.5) or when they were not excluded (OR1.8; 95% CI1.0 to 3.1). At the population level, the DD versus II genotype was weakly associated with nondiabetic hypertension (OR1.4; 95% CI1.0 to 1.8). Our data suggest that carriers of the DD versus II genotype of the 2B-adrenoceptor are at increased risk for hypertension. The genotypic effect is most evident when comparing groups corresponding to the upper and lower tails of the blood pressure distribution in the population; however, in nondiabetic hypertensive subjects it is weakly detectable even at the population level.
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