| 1. |
- Wang, Zhaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Elisabeth, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Uppdrag Språklyft med matematik : Högläsningstexter och elevuppdrag med problemlösning
- 2013. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Boken vänder sig till lärare från förskoleklass till årskurs 3.Med utgångspunkt i spännande och inspirerande högläsningstexter får eleverna ta sig an kreativa och roliga matematiska uppdrag att utföra i grupp eller individuellt. Eleverna får arbeta med och lösa problem där de själva eller tillsammans i grupp väljer lämpliga lösningsstrategier. De får förklara hur de har tänkt och jämföra sina olika lösningar.Uppdrag Språklyft med matematik utgår från det centrala innehållet i kursplanen i matematik samt Skolverkets bedömningsstöd Nya Språket lyfter! och ger eleverna tillfällen att ur olika perspektiv öva matematiska och språkliga förmågor.Elevuppdragen som finns i boken är kopieringsunderlag. I anslutning till varje uppdrag finns en handledning till läraren.Boken har två teman, Leksaksfabiken (Fk-3) samt Detektivbyrån (årskurs 2-3).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Science and policy on endocrine disrupters must not be mixed : a reply to a "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors regarding proposed European Union endocrine disrupter regulations ignores scientific evidence and well-established principles of chemical risk assessment. In this commentary, endocrine disrupter experts express their concerns about a recently published, and is in our considered opinion inaccurate and factually incorrect, editorial that has appeared in several journals in toxicology. Some of the shortcomings of the editorial are discussed in detail. We call for a better founded scientific debate which may help to overcome a polarisation of views detrimental to reaching a consensus about scientific foundations for endocrine disrupter regulation in the EU.
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| 5. |
- Ekvall, Ulla, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Lärobok och kemipraktik
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Innehållet i fokus. - Stockholm : Stockholms universitets förlag. - 9789176566657 ; , s. 119-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Inger, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Vilket kemiinnehåll görs tillgängligt i finlandssvenska och svenska klassrum? Kemitexter som redskap för naturvetenskapligt lärande
- 2010
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2010. - Stockholm : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173071840 ; , s. 51-56
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svenska och finska (och finlandssvenska) elevers naturvetenskapliga prestationer uppvisar markanta skillnader i internationella mätningar som PISA. Mot bakgrund av att Finland och Sverige har ett till synes likartat skolsystem är det inte helt enkelt att förstå varför de finska och finlandssvenska eleverna presterar så mycket bättre än de svenska. Vad är det som skapar sådana skillnader? Många olika förklaringar har förts fram, tex i relation till lärarutbildning. Men vilket kemilärande möjliggörs i svenska och finlandssvenska undervisningspraktiker? Kemiinnehållet i läromedel från Sverige och Finland är i stort det samma och i finlandssvenska skolor fram till 2007 användes ofta svenska läromedel. I projektet genomfördes 20-40h videobandade klassrumsobservationer relaterade till kemiundervisningen i tre skolor vardera i Svenskfinland (2007-08) och Sverige (2009). Observationerna, kombinerade med intervjuer och dokumentationer, fokuserade periodiska systemet och kemiska bindningar. De första analyserna ger en bild av att det finns skillnader i innehållets behandling och vad som karaktäriserar de konstituerade undervisningspraktikerna i de båda länderna. I finlandssvenska skolor fokuseras t.ex. faktareproduktion (memorering), formelskrivning och detaljerade provfrågor, samma läromedel används i alla skolor. I svenska skolor betonas förståelse av vardagsfenomen, diskussioner och prov som skiljer på G, VG och MVG-frågor där G-frågor utgörs av enkla faktakunskaper. Undervisningen i de finlandssvenska skolorna framstår således som mera lika varandra medan undervisningen i de svenska skolorna uppvisar större variation gällande innehållets behandling och klassrumskommunikation.
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| 8. |
- Lindgren, Britt-Marie, 1961-
(författare)
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Self-harm - hovering between hope and despair : experiences and interactions in a health care context.
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background The definition of self-harm used in this project is repeated, impulsive behaviour causing tissue damage, yet not intended as a suicide attempt. Instead of wishing to die, the person who self-harms wishes to be relieved from anxiety. The thesis comprises four studies and the overall aim was to describe experiences of care among people who self-harm, professional caregivers, and close relatives (parents), and to explore interpretative repertoires that jointly construct the interaction between people who self-harm and their professional caregivers. Methods The participants were nine women who self-harmed (I), six nurses, three of each sex (II), five mothers and one stepfather (III), and six women who self-harmed in two psychiatric inpatient wards and their caregivers (IV). Data were collected through narrative interviews (I, II, III), participant observations (IV), and informal interviews (IV). The interviews lasted between 40 and 50 minutes (I), between 40 and 65 minutes (II), and between 30 and 85 minutes (III). The observations including informal interviews in study IV comprised 150 hours of descriptive observations and 40 hours of focused observations. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis (I, II), phenomenological hermeneutics (III), and discursive psychology (IV). Results People who self-harmed experienced care as inferior, not satisfying their needs. The findings presented a paradox; on the one hand, the women realised that society considered self-harm an inappropriate way to alleviate mental suffering, and on the other hand, they experienced self-harm as the only way to survive and to foster hope in themselves (I). Caregivers felt powerless and burdened when unable to identify and satisfy the women’s needs. Feelings of fear, frustration, and abandonment created a significant burden for caregivers (II). Parents’ lived experience of the professional care and caregivers of their self-harming adult children could be described as a hostage drama. As in a hostage situation, parents felt held to emotional ransom by deficient care and sometimes hostile caregivers (III). The interpretative repertoires that jointly constructed the interaction between those who self-harmed and their professional caregivers, were for the caregivers a fostering and a supportive repertoire, and for the women who self-harmed a victim and an expert repertoire. The interactions between a fostering caregiver and a woman as expert or as victim, and between a supportive caregiver and a woman as victim, were complicated and promoted feelings of hopelessness among the participants. Interactions between a supportive caregiver and a woman as expert were more satisfying and raised hope among the participants (IV). Synthesis of findings Hope and hopelessness ran together as a thread of meaning throughout the studies. All participants experienced and expressed hope and hopelessness in various ways. The self-harming women hovered between hope and hopelessness, hoping for help and support, but led back to hopelessness by their experiences in care. The women used self-harm as a way to cope and to maintain hope in themselves. The parents initially had confidence in healthcare and hoped for help. However, their experiences of meeting deficient care often made them feel hopeless. Parents paid an emotional ransom when they accepted deficient care for their daughters. The caregivers felt frustrated, angry, and powerless, and their view of self-harm as an endless behaviour led to hopelessness. However, they struggled to see the women’s abilities, not only their difficulties, and described how they had to try to see self-harm in another way. Caregivers who were convinced that it was possible to stop self-harming and leave it behind were able to bring hope to themselves, to parents, and to the women who self-harmed. The present studies suggest that there is a difference between self-harm and suicide attempts or suicide. Other researchers echo these findings. Conclusions Paradoxically, self-harm usually seems to be a life sustaining act, a way of raising hope in oneself. The importance of caregivers who listen and try to understand people who self-harm, as well as their close family members, is evident. By asking open-ended questions and being non-judgemental, listening, and showing a genuine interest in the person’s lived experience; caregivers can inspire hope in people who self-harm.
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| 9. |
- Lundin, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Feeling existentially touched - A phenomenological notion of the well-being of elderly living in special housing accommodation from the perspective of care professionals
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a phenomenological analysis of interview material, in which 12 care professionals in elderly care reflect on the elderly's well-being within the frame of special housing accommodation. The perspective of the care professionals is of special interest. The findings show that the well-being is characterized as the elderly's feelings of being existentially touched. The well-being is an existential experience of being acknowledged as a human being and is an approach that classifies the elderly's needs as those of having, loving, and being. The meaning of the phenomenon is elucidated by the constituents: (1) to feel the freedom of choice, (2) to feel pleasure, and (3) to feel closeness to someone or something. The findings contribute new understanding of well-being in the elderly care by its existential dimension of the well-being as "just being'' and of doing things in order to experience meaningfulness. Accordingly, the well-being of the elderly as it is seen from the perspective of the care professionals involves both carers' subjectivity and intersubjectivity between the care professional and the elderly. An implication for promoting elderly's well-being is to develop awareness of these existential dimensions.
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| 10. |
- Mustonen, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Elämänkulku, mielenterveys ja hyvinvointi. Seurantatutkimus 16-vuotiaista tamperelaisnuorista 22-, 32- ja 42-vuotiaina (TAM-projekti)
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of children and young people and the conditions in which they are brought up lay the foundation for future well-being. People's educational and lifestyle choices in adolescence and early adulthood influence their health and social status far into their adult years. Adulthood and adult well-being are defined by roles at work, in interpersonal relationship, in family, and in other communities as well as by individual needs for change and development. This research report describes the life cycle and well-being from youth to early middle-age of one age group of pupils in Tampere, totalling some 2200 persons. The report summarises key results from a 25-year-long longitudinal study. The survey examines different kinds of risk factors in family backgrounds, adolescence, early adulthood and adult life and their links with mental health and psychosocial well-being. It also studies factors that protect against problems in mental health and well-being in young people's development and in their life cycle. The target group consisted of all Finnish-speaking pupils in the 9th grade of comprehensive school in the city of Tampere in spring 1983 (n = 2269). The research data was collected with a survey questionnaire, which a total of 2194 pupils (96.7%) filled in during one lesson at school. The first follow-up was carried out as a postal questionnaire when the respondents were 22 years old (n = 1656), and the second when the respondents were 32 years old (n =1471). The most recent followup was carried out in 2009 when the respondents were 42 years old (n = 1334). Key topics in all the follow-up surveys have been physical and mental health, health behaviour, social relationships, life situation, and psychosocial resources. The research findings indicate so far that most of the respondents have fared well at the developmental tasks and challenges they have faced in the different stages of their life. It seems, however, that there are risk factors associated with young people's growth and development and the environment in which they grow up, and that these risk factors may have negative effects on well-being in adolescence and far into adulthood. For example, the results indicate that a family's low socio-economic THL – Raportti 17/2013 9 Elämänkulku, mielenterveys ja hyvinvointi status is linked with unhealthy lifestyles in adolescence and a lower level of educational attainment in adulthood. Childhood experience of parents' divorce foretold a higher risk of problems in mental health, interpersonal relationships, and other relationships, as well as a lower socio-economic status in later life. It was also discovered that multiple social deprivation in adolescence is associated with higher mortality in adulthood. Adult depression was linked with depressive symptoms and low self-esteem especially in adolescence. Also, a link was discovered between long-term diseases and mental health. Young people with a long-term disease reported psychosomatic symptoms more often than their peers. In adulthood, a long-term disease was linked with depression among men, but not among women. Men with a long-term disease made more use of emotional means of coping than healthy men, and they had a lower sense of control over their own lives. The most important factors associated with a high level of alcohol consumption were male gender, childhood experience of divorce, depressive symptoms in adolescence, as well as regular binge drinking already at young age. With regard to binge drinking, different kinds of development paths were identified from adolescence to early middle-age. Two kinds of development paths were identified to be associated with various dimensions of social deprivation in early middle-age. These were regular binge drinking from adolescence to early middle among women and men and increasing regular binge drinking during the life-cycle among men. However, no similar link was observed when binge drinking decreased from early adulthood and adulthood. When studying factors that protect against problems of mental health and wellbeing, it was discovered, for example, that good relationship with parents, high selfesteem, and an intimate relationship protected young people against depression in later life. These factors had also an indirect link with the quality of intimate relationships in adult life. In the group of people with a long-term disease, factors protecting against depression included active problem-solving perspective to coping among men and experienced access to social support among women. Changes in individual resources, such as self-esteem, sense of control, and experiencing life as meaningful, were associated with the development of socio-economic inequalities in health in early adulthood. If these resources remained unchanged, also the socio-economic inequalities in health remained unchanged, while an increase in the resources signified a narrowing of the socio-economic inequalities in health. The analysing and reporting of the longitudinal study continue still, and two related dissertations are under way. A number of articles on the study have been published in distinguished scientific journals both in Finland and abroad. The research material has been used in several thesis studies, and the findings have been reported extensively both nationally and internationally. This report includes a list of these THL – Raportti 17/2013 10 Elämänkulku, mielenterveys ja hyvinvointi publications. Those interested in learning more about the research and its themes can study the original publications. The research material forms an internationally valuable follow-up material, and the research results can be utilised especially in social welfare and health care services that aim to promote the mental health and wellbeing of young people and adults. The result can also be used in education services and youth services. The research project and individual researchers have received funding from various sources. We are grateful for all the financial support to our research project. We would like to thank especially the Academy of Finland, the Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation and the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation for their significant support in enabling the data collection in different stages of the research, as well as the Tampere University School of Health Sciences and the National Public Health Institute/National Institute for Health and Welfare for providing the premises for conducting the research. We extend our warmest thanks to those who took part in this longitudinal study for their long-term interest in the study and for the valuable information they gave about their own lives.
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| 11. |
- Selin, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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High dose versus low dose oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labour, a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Optimizing childbirth across Europe - an intedisciplinary maternity care conference. 9-10 April 2014, Brussels. Part of COST Action IS0907: Childbirth Cultures, Concerns & Consequences: Creating a dynamic EU framework for Optimal maternity care..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Delay in labour due to ineffective uterine contractions is a major problem in obstetric care and a main reason for the increased rate of caesarean deliveries, particularly among nulliparous women. Infusion with synthetic oxytocin is a commonly used treatment of hypotonic uterine contractions however there is a gap of knowledge concerning which dosage of oxytocin should be used, both starting dose and increment dose of oxytocin. Aim of the study: The aim is to compare starting dose and increment of amount of oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labour to determine whether augmentation by high dose of oxytocin improves labour outcomes compared with a low dose of oxytocin, without affecting neonatal or maternal outcomes including birth experiences negatively. Research methodology: In a randomized double-blind controlled trial conducted in three labour wards in Sweden, consenting nulliparous women in active labour and with a defined delayed progress are randomized to receive a regimen of either high dose or low dose of oxytocin (33.2 respectively 16,6 microgram oxytocin in 1000 ml isotone saline solution). randomization will be computer-generated, with allocation concealment by a coding system. Primary outcome is caesarean delivery rate. Based on a sample size calculation (α=0.05, β=0.80), a minimum of 688 women will be included in each group in order to reduce caesarean section rate from 17.5 % to 12 %. Ethical approval: The study is approved by the regional Ethics Board in Gothenburg (dnr: 090-12), and by the medical Products Agency –Sweden (Eudra-CTnr:2012-000356-33). Study finding: This poster will describe the study protocol and the first period of data collection. Results will concern: 1) maternal and fetal outcomes in randomized groups, and 2) maternal overall childbirth experience including labour pain. Conclusion: The study will contribute to establishment of evidencebased routines regarding oxytocin treatment of delayed labour progress.
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| 12. |
- Soveri, Inga, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring GFR: A Systematic Review.
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Kidney Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-6838 .- 0272-6386. ; 64:3, s. 411-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background No comprehensive systematic review of the accuracy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement methods using renal inulin clearance as reference has been published. Study Design Systematic review with meta-analysis of cross-sectional diagnostic studies. Setting & Population Published original studies and systematic reviews in any population. Selection Criteria for Studies Index and reference measurements conducted within 48 hours; at least 15 participants studied; GFR markers measured in plasma or urine; plasma clearance calculation algorithm verified in another study; tubular secretion of creatinine had not been blocked by medicines. Index Tests Endogenous creatinine clearance; renal or plasma clearance of chromium 51−labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), iohexol, and iothalamate; and plasma clearance of inulin. Reference Test Renal inulin clearance measured under continuous inulin infusion and urine collection. Results Mean bias < 10%, median bias < 5%, the proportion of errors in the index measurements that did not exceed 30% (P30) ≥ 80%, and P10 ≥ 50% were set as requirements for sufficient accuracy. Based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach, the quality of evidence across studies was rated for each index method. Renal clearance of iothalamate measured GFR with sufficient accuracy (strong evidence). Renal and plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA and plasma clearance of iohexol were sufficiently accurate to measure GFR (moderately strong evidence). Renal clearance of DTPA, renal clearance of iohexol, and plasma clearance of inulin had sufficient accuracy (limited evidence). Endogenous creatinine clearance was an inaccurate method (strong evidence), as was plasma clearance of DTPA (limited evidence). The evidence to determine the accuracy of plasma iothalamate clearance was insufficient. With the exception of plasma clearance of inulin, only renal clearance methods had P30 > 90%. Limitations The included studies were few and most were old and small, which may limit generalizability. Requirements for sufficient accuracy may depend on clinical setting. At least moderately strong evidence suggests that renal clearance of 51Cr-EDTA or iothalamate and plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA or iohexol are sufficiently accurate methods to measure GFR.
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| 13. |
- Takenaka, Ayumi, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: Peruvian Migration
- 2010
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Ingår i: Latin American perspectives. - 0094-582X. ; 37:5, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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