| 1. |
- Udén, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Preoperative localization in unilateral parathyroid surgery. A cost-benefit study on ultrasound, computed tomography and scintigraphy
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 156:1, s. 29-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 50 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, investigation before initial neck exploration included ultrasonography, computed tomography and 99technetium-201thallium subtraction scintigraphy. The sensitivity for correct preoperative localization was 50%, 54% and 56%, respectively. There was marked inter-observer variation in assessment of ultrasonography and computed tomography, while scintigrams were evaluated by only one person. The scintigraphic sensitivity increased with size of the glands. In cases where correct preoperative localization permitted unilateral parathyroidectomy, the time for surgery and anesthesia was significantly reduced. A cost-benefit analysis, however, revealed that the financial saving from this time reduction was outweighed by the cost of the localization procedures. The authors conclude that investigations for definition of enlarged parathyroid glands are not indicated prior to unilateral parathyroidectomy.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Berglund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Manganese(II)- and Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Oxidation of S(IV) by Oxygen in Aqueous Solution : A contribution to subproject HALIPP
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Transport and Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere : Proc. EUROTRAC Symposium '90, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, April 2-5, 1990 - Proc. EUROTRAC Symposium '90, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, April 2-5, 1990. - 9051030584 ; , s. 295-298
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manganese(II)- and nickel(II)-catalyzed oxidation of sulfur(IV) by oxygen in aqueous solution at pH 4.5 has been studied, as a model for oxidation of sulfur(IV) to sulfuric acid at the natural pH of the droplets in most atmospheric aqueous systems.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Holmberg, Erland, et al.
(författare)
-
Reaction conditions for the resolution of 2-methylalkanoic acids in esterification and hydrolysis with lipase from Candida cylindracea
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - 0175-7598. ; 35:5, s. 572-578
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have demonstrated resolution of 2-methylalkanoic acids using lipase from Candida cylindracea as a catalyst. The resolution of 2-methyldecanoic acid was more successful than that of 2-methylbutyric acid both by esterification and hydrolysis. This indicates that the resolution of the acid is dependent on the chain length of the acid moiety. The chain length of the alcohol moiety of the ester affected the resolution of the long-chain acid only. Using esterification, (R)-2-methyldecanoic acid was produced in an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of 95% (E = 40). If the enantiomeric ratio is low (E = 3.6), as in the resolution of 2-methylbutyric acid, esterification combined with a high equilibrium conversion could be used to yield the remaining acid in a high e.e. In the hydrolytic reactions, the e.e. and the equilibrium conversion were dependent on the pH and the presence of CaCl2. When octyl 2-methyldecanoate was hydrolysed at pH 8.0 in the presence of CaCl2, the (S)-acid was formed with an e.e. of 80% (E = 9), but when the hydrolysis was carried out at pH 7.5 without CaCl2, a very low e.e. and a low equilibrium conversion were observed. The latter conditions allowed the esterification of 2-methyldecanoic acid with 1-octanol even in aqueous medium.
|
|
| 7. |
- Holmquist, Mats Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Lipases from Rhizomucor miehei and Humicola lanuginosa : Modification of the lid covering the active site alters enantioselectivity
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Journal of Protein Chemistry. - 0277-8033. ; 12:6, s. 749-757
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The homologous lipases from Rhizomucor miehei and Humicola lanuginosa showed approximately the same enantioselectivity when 2-methyldecanoic acid esters were used as substrates. Both lipases preferentially hydrolyzed the S- enantiomer of 1-heptyl 2-methyldecanoate (R. miehei: E(S) = 8.5; H. lanuginosa: E(S) = 10.5), but the R-enantiomer of phenyl 2-methyldecanoate (E(R) = 2.9). Chemical arginine specific modification of the R. miehei lipase with 1,2-cyclohexanedione resulted in a decreased enantioselectivity (E(R) = 2.0), only when the phenyl ester was used as a substrate. In contrast, treatment with phenylglyoxal showed a decreased enantioselectivity (E(S) = 2.5) only when the heptyl ester was used as a substrate. The presence of guanidine, an arginine side chain analog, decreased the enantioselectivity with the heptyl ester (E(S) = 1.9) and increased the enantioselectivity with the aromatic ester (E(R) = 4.4) as substrates. The mutation, Glu 87 Ala, in the lid of the H. lanuginosa lipase, which might decrease the electrostatic stabilization of the open-lid conformation of the lipase, resulted in 47% activity compared to the native lipase, in a tributyrin assay. The Glu 87 Ala mutant showed an increased enantioselectivity with the heptyl ester (E(S) = 17.4) and a decreased enantioselectivity with the phenyl ester (E(R) = 2.5) as substrates, compared to native lipase. The enantioselectivities of both lipases in the esterification of 2-methyldecanoic acid with 1-heptanol were unaffected by the lid modifications.
|
|
| 8. |
- Högberg, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Biocatalysis as a useful tool in pheromone synthesis. Enantiomerically pure building blocks from baker's yeast reductions and enzyme catalysed resoluti
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Catalysis Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-5861. ; 22:3, s. 591-606
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biocatalytical methods are presented which provide useful building blocks for pheromone synthesis. Examples of the utility of this approach are the preparation of building blocks for the synthesis of stereochemically pure isomers of pine sawfly pheromones and some other pheromones. Enantiom- erically pure ( 98% ee) 2-methyl-1-alkanols 2 were obtained via baker's yeast reduction of suitable α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, and by using lipases from Pseudomonas to effect resolution by transesterification of suitable racemic precursors to 2-methyl-1-alkanols 2 which gave high enantiomeric ratios E > 100. The resolution by esterification mediated by lipase from Candida rugosa of racemic 2-methylalkanoic acids also gave high enantiomeric ratios E> 100 after having improved the reaction conditions by regulating water activity, by choice of the appropriate complimentary substrate alcohol and by adjusting the initial equivalents of the latter present at the start. Also discussed is the separation of diastereomers of diprionol 1, which is naturally occurring in the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, where it is the direct precursor of its pheromone.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Leden, Ido, et al.
(författare)
-
Kan långtidssjuka bli långtidsfriska? : [Can the chronically ill become the chronically healthy?]
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Nordisk medicin. - 0029-1420. ; 107:5, s. 157-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sick leave from work is on the increase throughout the Western world, despite improvements in welfare and the continual mechanization of heavy industry. By means of early, active rehabilitation measures in cases of musculoskeletal disorders, the duration of sick certification can be reduced and extended absence from work prevented. This has been demonstrated in a successful cooperative project involving the health and social services where, after two years in operation, the saving in costs to the community is calculated to have been SEK 4.5 millions. A brief outline of the project is given in the article.
|
|
| 12. |
- Öjehagen, A., et al.
(författare)
-
A randomized study of long-term out-patient treatment in alcoholics : Psychiatric treatment versus multimodal behavioural therapy, during 1 versus 2 years of treatment
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 27:6, s. 649-658
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seventy-two alcoholic patients (60 men and 12 women) were randomized into four groups who received psychiatric treatment (PT) or multimodal behavioural therapy (MBT), for either 1 or 2 years. PT was based on psychodynamic principles, and MBT is a cognitive-behavioural treatment. The patients accepting treatment had a mean age of 37 ± 9 years, and they were socially stable. There was no difference in attrition rate (35%) in relation to therapy and length of treatment. The rate of favourable drinking outcome during the third year was similar in all four alternatives, at 40-44%. A favourable drinking outcome was predicted by a better initial psychic status and few psychiatric symptoms at intake. In PT patients a favourable outcome was more strongly related to a better psychic status than in MBT patients (P = 0.58). The mean number of sessions, 23, did not differ in relation to outcome. The main conclusion from this study is that there were only small and inconclusive differences between the therapies of different types and different duration.
|
|
| 13. |
- Öjehagen, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychiatric symptoms in alcoholics attending outpatient treatment
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 15:4, s. 6-640
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of psychiatric symptomatology for the treatment course of alcoholics was analyzed in a long-term outpatient treatment study. Seventy-two patients, 60 men and 12 women, were personally interviewed during treatment and after 3 years. Before treatment psychiatric symptoms were rated according to the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Women had significantly higher scores than men. Men with many symptoms and women had more psychological benefits from drinking and a more impaired personality structure than men with few symptoms. Men with many symptoms also had a lower level of social functioning. The severity of abuse did not differ between the three groups. Men with many symptoms had a less favorable outcome between 25 and 36 months after start of treatment than men with few symptoms and women. Among men who completed treatment, those with many symptoms showed a less successful course after 6 months and during the 3rd year after start of treatment, while differences after 3 months and during later stages of treatment were less pronounced. It is suggested that before start of treatment a psychiatric evaluation should be performed including psychiatric diagnosis, personality analysis, and an assessment of psychological benefits from drinking.
|
|
