| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andrés, E., et al.
(författare)
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Status of the AMANDA experiment
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nuclear physics B, Proceedings supplements. - : Elsevier. - 0920-5632 .- 1873-3832. ; 70:1-3, s. 448-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope has successfully been increased in size from four detector strings to ten detector strings during the 1996/1997 season. The first upward going muon-neutrino candidates have been reconstructed from the 1996 year's four-string data. Three new detector strings will be deployed during 1997/1998 to 2350 metres depth.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andres, E., et al.
(författare)
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AMANDA : Status, results and future
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings, 8th International Workshop, Venice, Italy, February 23-26, 1999. Vol. 1, 2. ; , s. 63-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the status of the AMANDA neutrino telescope. We present resultsobtained from the four-string prototype array AMANDA-B4 and describe themethods of track reconstruction and neutrino event separation. We give also firstresults of the analysis of the 10-string detector AMANDA-B10, in particular onatmospheric neutrinos and the search for magnetic monopoles. We sketch thefuture schedule on the way to a cube kilometer telescope at the South Pole,ICECUBE.
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| 5. |
- Andrés, E. C., et al.
(författare)
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The AMANDA neutrino telescope
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nuclear physics B, Proceedings supplements. - 0920-5632 .- 1873-3832. ; 77:1-3, s. 474-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an effective telescope area of order 104 m2 for TeV neutrinos, a threshold near ∼50 GeV and a pointing accuracy of 2.5 degrees per muon track, the AMANDA detector represents the first of a new generation of high energy neutrino telescopes, reaching a scale envisaged over 25 years ago. We describe early results on the calibration of natural deep ice as a particle detector as well as on AMANDA's performance as a neutrino telescope.
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| 6. |
- Bay, R. C., et al.
(författare)
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The AMANDA neutrino telescope and the indirect search for dark matter : AMANDA Colaboration
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 307:1-4, s. 243-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an effective telescope area of order 104m2, a threshold of ~50GeV and a pointing accuracy of 2.5°, the AMANDA detector represents the first of a new generation of high energy neutrino telescopes, reaching a scale envisaged over 25 years ago. We describe its performance, focussing on the capability to detect halo dark matter particles via their annihilation into neutrinos.
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| 7. |
- Askebjer, P., et al.
(författare)
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AMANDA : status report from the 1993-94 campaign and optical properties of the South Pole ice
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nuclear physics B, Proceedings supplements. - : Elsevier. - 0920-5632 .- 1873-3832. ; 38:1-3, s. 287-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first results of the AMANDA detector. During the antarctic summer 1993-94 four strings were deployed between 0.8 an 1 km depth, each equipped with 20 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). A laser source was used to investigate the optical properties of the ice in situ. We find that the ice is intrinsically extremely transparent. The measured absorption length is 59 ± 3 m, i.e. comparable with the quality of the ultra-pure water used in the IMB and Kamiokande proton-decay and neutrino experiments [1,2] and more than two times longer than the best value reported for laboratory ice [3]. Due to a residual density of air bubbles at these depths, the motion of photons in the medium is randomized. For spherical, smooth bubbles we find that, at 1 km depth, the average distance between collisions is about 25 cm. The measured inverse scattering length on bubbles decreases linearly with increasing depth in the volume of ice investigated. © 1995 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Askebjer, P., et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of deep ice at the South Pole : Absorption
- 1997
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optical Society of America. - 0003-6935 .- 1539-4522. ; 36:18, s. 4168-4180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss recent measurements of the wavelength-dependent absorption coefficients in deep South Pole ice. The method uses transit-time distributions of pulses from a variable-frequency laser sent between emitters and receivers embedded in the ice. At depths of 800-1000 m scattering is dominated by residual air bubbles, whereas absorption occurs both in ice itself and in insoluble impurities. The absorption coefficient increases approximately exponentially with wavelength in the measured interval 410-610 nm. At the shortest wavelength our value is approximately a factor 20 below previous values obtained for laboratory ice and lake ice; with increasing wavelength the discrepancy with previous measurements decreases. At ∼415 to ∼500 nm the experimental uncertainties are small enough for us to resolve an extrinsic contribution to absorption in ice: submicrometer dust particles contribute by an amount that increases with depth and corresponds well with the expected increase seen near the Last Glacial Maximum in Vostok and Dome C ice cores. The laser pulse method allows remote mapping of gross structure in dust concentration as a function of depth in glacial ice.
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| 9. |
- Askebjer, P., et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of the South Pole ice at depths between 0.8 and 1 kilometer
- 1995
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Ingår i: Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 267:5201, s. 1147-1150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical properties of the ice at the geographical South Pole have been investigated at depths between 0.8 and 1 kilometer. The absorption and scattering lengths of visible light (∼515 nanometers) have been measured in situ with the use of the laser calibration setup of the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) neutrino detector. The ice is intrinsically extremely transparent. The measured absorption length is 59 ± 3 meters, comparable with the quality of the ultrapure water used in the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven and Kamiokande proton-decay and neutrino experiments and more than twice as long as the best value reported for laboratory ice. Because of a residual density of air bubbles at these depths, the trajectories of photons in the medium are randomized. If the bubbles are assumed to be smooth and spherical, the average distance between collisions at a depth of 1 kilometer is about 25 centimeters. The measured inverse scattering length on bubbles decreases linearly with increasing depth in the volume of ice investigated.
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| 10. |
- Askebjer, P., et al.
(författare)
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UV and optical light transmission properties in deep ice at the South Pole
- 1997
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 24:11, s. 1355-1358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both absorption and scattering of light at wavelengths 410 to 610 nanometers were measured in the South Pole ice at depths 0.8 to 1 kilometer with the laser calibration system of the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA). At the shortest wavelengths the absorption lengths exceeded 200 meters - an order of magnitude longer than has been reported for laboratory ice. The absorption shows a strong wavelength dependence while the scattering length is found to be independent of the wavelength, consistent with the hypothesis of a residual density of air bubbles in the ice. The observed linear decrease of the inverse scattering length with depth is compatible with an earlier measurement by the AMANDA collaboration (at ∼515 nanometers).
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| 11. |
- Wischnewski, R., et al.
(författare)
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The AMANDA neutrino detector
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nuclear physics B, Proceedings supplements. - : Elsevier. - 0920-5632 .- 1873-3832. ; 75:1-2, s. 412-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first stage of the AMANDA High Energy Neutrino Detector at the South Pole, the 302 PMT array AMANDA-B with an expected effective area for TeV neutrinos of ∼ 104 m2, has been taking data since 1997. Progress with calibration, investigation of ice properties, as well as muon and neutrino data analysis are described. The next stage 20-string detector AMANDA-II with ∼800 PMTs will be completed in spring 2000.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bergström, A., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer : a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 83:2, s. 186-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causes of renal cell cancer remain incompletely understood. In one previous retrospective case-control study, high occupational physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk among men, but not among women. Our aim was to investigate the association between occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer in a large cohort in Sweden. A cohort of Swedish men and women was identified in the nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, and the reported occupations were classified into 4 levels of physical demands. Follow-up from 1971 through 1989 was accomplished through record linkages to the Swedish Cancer Registry. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found a monotonic increase in risk of renal cell cancer with decreasing level of occupational physical activity among men (p for trend <0.001). After adjustment for socio-economic status, place of residence, and calendar year of follow-up, men with long-term sedentary jobs had a 25% (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.53) increased risk compared to men with physically demanding occupations. Among women there was no association, the dose-risk trend was not significant (p for trend >0.50). Occupational physical activity was inversely associated with renal cell cancer among men. The absence of association among women might be due to smaller range of exposure, confounding by household work or reproductive factors, or to a difference in biological response to physical activity in men and women.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lindblad, Per, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of diabetes mellitus in the aetiology of renal cell cancer
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 42:1, s. 107-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and the risk of renal cell cancer we carried out a population-based retrospective cohort study. Patients identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register who were discharged from hospitals with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus between 1965 and 1983 formed a cohort of 153852 patients (80005 women and 73847 men). The cohort members were followed up to 1989 by record linkage to three nation-wide registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed using age-specific sex-specific and period-specific incidence and mortality rates derived from the entire Swedish population. After exclusion of the first year of observation, a total of 267 incidences of renal cell cancer (ICD-7:180.0) occurred in diabetic patients compared with the 182.4 that had been expected. Increased risks were observed in both women (SIR = 1.7, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.4-2.0) and men (SIR = 1.3; 95 % CI = 1.1-1.6) throughout the duration of follow-up (1-25 years). A higher risk was seen for kidney cancer (ICD-7:180) mortality (SMR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.7-2.2, women; SMR 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-1.9, men). In comparison with the general population, patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of renal cell cancer.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nordén, T, et al.
(författare)
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Mammographic screening for breast cancer : What cancers do we find?
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 33:4, s. 624-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare lymph node involvement of breast cancer cases detected at mammography screening with clinically-detected cases. During a 3-year period, 273 primary breast cancers were detected in a population-based screening programme, and 149 primary breast cancers were diagnosed clinically. Lymph node involvement was evaluated in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models correcting for tumour size, histological grade, steroid receptor status and DNA-ploidy. Patients with screen-detected cancers had a low relative risk of having lymph node metastases (univariate, OR = 0.31; 95% confidence interval = 0.19-0.52). In the multivariate logistic regression model, the relative risk was halved (OR = 0.47; 0.28-0.78). The reduced risk was more pronounced for women younger than 50 years of age compared to older women. The risk for screen-detected cases of having lymph node metastases at diagnosis was statistically significantly lower than for clinically-detected cases. The marked reduction, even when correcting for tumour size, makes it less likely that factors such as detection of clinically innocent tumours, length bias sampling or clinical symptoms related to axillary metastases can explain the whole difference. The results indicate at least part of the effect may be explained by tumour progression in the late preclinical detectable phase.
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| 21. |
- Anderbrant, O., et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of pheromone receptors in male pine sawflies, Diprion pini (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae), and behavioural response to some compounds
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1910. ; 41:5, s. 395-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology and physiology of pheromone receptors on the antennae of male pine sawflies, Diprion pini L., were investigated. Using scanning electron microscopy, five sensillar types were recognized. The type shown to be pheromone sensitive has a long (50-70 μm) cuticular hair, is single-walled, and is innervated by 8 or 9 sensory cells as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Electroantennography (EAG) showed similar activity of the acetate and propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, precursor of the main constituent of the female-produced sex pheromone. No other isomer induced any significant response. Single-sensillum recordings confirmed the results of the EAG, and also showed that several neurons were excited by the active compound. EAG recordings and combined gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection indicated that esters of three 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) isomers were active, but field tests could not demonstrate any behavioural effect. Diprionol esters are used as sex pheromones by all other pine sawflies investigated so far, and D. pini is thus the first diprionid species shown to use a different sex pheromone.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Antoni, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of l-2,4-Diamino[4-11C]butyric acid and its use in some In vitro and In vivo tumour models
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 24:6, s. 595-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- l-2,4-Diamino[4-11C]butyric acid (DAB) was synthesized by an enzyme catalysed carrier added (0.1 μmol KCN) reaction of hydrogen [11C]cyanide with O-acetyl-l-serine followed by reduction. l-[11C]DAB was obtained with a radiochemical purity higher than 96% and with a decay corrected radiochemical yield of 30–40% within a 32 min reaction time. The enantiomeric excess was 98%. The uptake of l-[11C]DAB was investigated in multicellular aggregates of six different cell lines and animal tumour models. l-[11C]DAB is potentially useful for the assessment of pharmacokinetics of l-DAB in vivo for part of its evaluation as an antitumoural agent, although its use for diagnostic purposes seems limited.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bergström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Serum lipid values in adolescents are related to family history, infant feeding, and physical growth.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 117:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total serum cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were analysed in 879 14- and 17-year-old healthy adolescents (477 boys and 402 girls), and related to family history of cardiovascular disease, early feeding, weight and length at birth, and physical growth during infancy and childhood. Mean TC was significantly higher in girls than in boys (4.4 and 4.2 mmol/l, respectively, both age-groups together). High TC values ( > 5.2 mmol/l) were more prevalent in girls than in boys: 14% and 17% compared to 6% and 12% in 14- and 17-year-old girls and boys, respectively. Mean TC and LDL-C values were lower during mid-puberty in both boys and girls while, in boys but not in girls, mean HDL-C values decreased and TG values increased successively with increasing pubertal stage. Girls who were taking oral contraceptives had higher mean values of TC (4.91/4.39 mmol/l), TG (1.32/0.83 mmol/l), and apo B (0.89/0.73 g/l). Boys with a family history of early deaths ( < 55 years) from myocardial infarction and girls with a family history of cerebral haemorrhage/thrombosis in fathers had higher mean values of TC (4.55/4.17 and 5.03/4.40 mmol/l, for boys and girls, respectively), LDL-C (2.84/2.47 and 3.08/2.56 mmol/l), and apo B (0.73/0.70 and 0.86/0.73 g/l). Adolescents with short duration of breast feeding ( < 6 months), or early introduction of infant formula, had higher mean values of TC (4.29/4.14 mmol/l) and apo B (0.72/0.68 g/l). There were no significant correlations between serum lipid values and body weight or length at birth, but adolescents with high LDL-C (upper quartile) seemed to have lower attained heights during infancy and childhood. In conclusion, this study shows that serum lipids in adolescence are primarily related to age and sex but also to early determinants like family history of cardiovascular diseases, infant feeding, and early physical growth.
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| 27. |
- Bergström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in iron stores of adolescents : what is normal?
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 20:2, s. 215-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated iron status and its determinants in healthy adolescents. Fasting morning blood samples from a school-based cross-sectional study were analyzed for serum ferritin (SF), serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and circulating transferrin receptors. Physical development, chronic disease, medication, dietary intake, and physical activity were assessed using clinical examination, questionnaires, and 7-day records. The risk of having low serum ferritin values was estimated using bivariate and multivariate regression. Subjects were 867 healthy Swedish adolescents, 14- and 17-year-olds (472 boys and 395 girls). SF values increased with pubertal stage in boys but not in girls. Five percent of the boys and 15% of the girls had SF values < 12 micrograms/L. Of the 17-year-old boys, 7% compared to 1% of the 17-year-old girls had SF values > 100 micrograms/L. Forty-one percent of cases with SF values > 12 micrograms/L had serum iron values < 15 microM, and 22% had transferrin saturation values < 16%. Mean total iron intakes of the boys were high [1.6 times recommended daily allowance (RDA)] and mean intakes of the girls were adequate (0.9 times RDA). Low heme iron intakes increased the risk of low iron stores (< 12 micrograms/L) in girls but not in boys. Total iron intake or other dietary factors, physical development, or level of physical activity did not influence the risk of low SF. The findings of this study suggest that the differences in iron status between boys and girls in adolescence results primarily from biological differences other than menstrual bleeding or insufficient iron intake. Furthermore, the results question the role of SF as an indicator of iron deficiency in adolescence, in particular if age and sex are not taken into consideration. We suggest that different reference values for SF, including the cut-off limit for low SF, adjusted for age and sex, should be considered. The high iron intakes and corresponding high SF values found in the older boys are noticeable in light of the possible negative health consequences of iron overload.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and factor structure of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory--Swedish Language Version (MPI-S).
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pain. - : LWW. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 75:1, s. 101-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychological assessment of chronic pain is often accomplished using questionnaires such as the (West Haven-Yale) Multidimensional Pain Inventory ((WHY)MPI) which is constructed to capture the multidimensionality of chronic pain. The (WHY)MPI theoretically originates from behavioural and cognitive behavioural theories of pain. It is divided into three parts and measures psychosocial and behavioural consequences of pain. This questionnaire has displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and translations of the original English version into German and Dutch have been demonstrated to be reliable and valid. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and factor structure of a Swedish translation of the (WHY)MPI, the MPI-S, and also to test the generalisability of the factor structure found for the (WHY)MPI. We performed analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and carried out a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) employing LISREL-8 on a population of 682 patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain. Test-retest analysis was accomplished on a sub-sample of 54 individuals taken from the aforementioned population. For sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S the overall reliability and stability were good, and after the exclusion of four items, the factor structure was similar to other versions of the MPI. For section 3, despite removal of five questions, the proposed factor structure could not be replicated. This part of the inventory is designed to measure the extent of different types of activities, and our results suggest that this section may only be used for assessing general activity level. We conclude that, with a few adjustments, the analyses yielded satisfactory results for sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S regarding its factor structure, reliability and generalisability. For section 3 the hypothesised factor structure could not be confirmed.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bergström, L, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of Hamaker constants of ceramic materials from optical data using Lifshitz theory
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 79, s. 339-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Hamaker constants of 8 different ceramic materials, 6H-SiC, tetragonal, partially stabilized-ZrO2 (3% Y2O3), b-Si3N4, a-Al2O3, Y2O3, sapphire (single crystal a-Al2O3), MgO, MgAl2O4, and fused silica, across air, water, and n-dodecane at room temperature and across silica at 2000 K have been calculated from optical data using Lifshitz theory. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to measure the photon energy dependence of the refractive index, n, and the extinction coefficient, k, in the visible and near-UV range on several important ceramic materials. This relatively simple, nondestructive technique has proved to yield reliable optical data on sintered, polycrystalline materials like Si3N4, SiC, ZrO2 and Al2O3. For the other materials, Y2O3, sapphire, MgO, MgAl2O4 and fused silica, optical data from the literature were used to calculate the Hamaker constants. The calculated Hamaker constants were estimated to be accurate within ± 10%.
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| 34. |
- Bergström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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PET with [11C]-Metomidate for the Visualization of Adrenocortical Tumors and Discrimination from Other Lesions
- 1999
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Ingår i: Clinical Positron Imaging. - 1095-0397 .- 1878-5751. ; 2:6, s. 339-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential role of PET with the adrenocortical-specific tracer 11C-metomidate in the characterization of incidentally found adrenal cortical lesions and in adrenocortical carcinomas.Methods:PET with 11C-metomidate was performed in 15 patients with unilateral adrenal mass confirmed by CT (incidentalomas) and in 9 additional patients with adrenocortical cancer. All incidentalomas subsequently underwent surgery, except 2 subjected to biopsy only. These lesions were histopathologically examined and diagnosed as adrenal cortical adenoma (n = 6; 3 nonfunctioning), adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 2) and nodular hyperplasia (n = 1). The remaining were non-cortical lesions including 1 pheochromocytoma, 1 myelolipoma, 2 adrenal cysts, and 2 metastases.Results:All lesions, except 1, with an adrenocortical origin were easily identified due to exceedingly high uptake of 11C-metomidate, whereas the non-cortical lesions showed very low uptake. The 1 false negative was a cancer that at surgery was found to be extensively necrotic. High uptake was also seen in normal adrenal glands. The tracer uptake kinetics indicated trapping of the tracer in the cortical lesions. For quantitative evaluation of tracer binding in individual lesions, the simple SUV concept was found to be equally accurate as more elaborate kinetic analyses.Conclusion:The patients presented and altogether over 40 PET investigations have demonstrated 11C-metomidate to be an attractive tracer for the characterization of adrenal masses with the ability to discriminate lesions of adrenal cortical origin from non-cortical lesions. Additionally the method allows the assessment of metastases from adrenocortical cancers, and the very high contrast has allowed partial whole-body examinations.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Bergström, T, et al.
(författare)
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[Gene amplification in viral CNS infections. Rapid diagnostic identification of herpesviruses]. : Genamplifiering vid virala CNS-infektioner. Snabb diagnostik av herpesgruppens virus.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 92:5, s. 427-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA amplification with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used as a diagnostic test on cerebrospinal fluid samples in cases where herpesvirus infection of the central nervous system (CNS) was suspected. During the period, 1992-93, 47 (8.9%) of 528 patients tested were positive for one or another of the following herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (n = 16) or type 2 (n = 9), cytomegalovirus (n = 16), varicella-zoster virus (n = 4), or Epstein-Barr virus (n = 2). The study showed PCR to be a rapid and useful diagnostic method in clinical routine, enabling early antiviral intervention in several cases with an atypical clinical picture. Moreover, cytomegalovirus was found to be an important CNS pathogen in addition to herpes simplex virus, especially during childhood.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Bunikis, J, et al.
(författare)
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Surface exposure and species specificity of an immunoreactive domain of a 66-kilodalton outer membrane protein (P66) of the Borrelia spp. that cause Lyme disease
- 1996
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 64:12, s. 5111-5116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A chromosomally encoded 66-kDa protein (P66) of Borrelia spp. that cause Lyme disease has previously been shown to be associated with the spirochetal outer membrane. A topological model of P66 predicts a surface-exposed fragment which links the N- and C-terminal intramembranous domains of the protein (J. Bunikis, L. Noppa, and S. Bergström, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 131:139-145, 1995). In the present study, an immunogenic determinant of P66 was identified by a comparison of the immunoreactivities of different fragments of P66 generated either by proteolytic treatment of intact spirochetes or as recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. The immune response to P66 during natural infection was found to be directed against the predicted surface domain which comprises amino acids at positions 454 through 491. A sequence comparison revealed considerable polymorphism of the surface domains of P66 proteins of different Lyme disease-causing Borrelia species. Five sequence patterns of this domain were observed in the B. garinii strains studied. In contrast, sequences of the relevant part of P66 of the B. afzelii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates studied were identical within the respective species. In immunoblotting, 5 of 17 (29.4%) sera from North American patients with early disseminated or persistent Lyme disease reacted against P66 of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto B31. These sera, however, failed to recognize P66 of B. afzelii and B. garinii, as well as an analog of P66 in the relapsing fever agent, B. hermsii. In conclusion, the topological model of P66 is supported by the demonstration of an apparent surface localization of an immunoreactive domain of this protein. Furthermore, analogous to the plasmid-encoded borrelial outer surface proteins, the predicted surface-exposed portion of chromosomally encoded P66 appears to be antigenically heterogenous.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Holmgren, Allan, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of pinosylvins in solid wood of Scots pine using Fourier transform Raman and infrared spectroscopy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of wood chemistry and technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0277-3813 .- 1532-2319. ; 19:1-2, s. 139-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRIFT) and near infrared (NIR) FT-Raman spectroscopy were used to detect pinosylvins in the wood of Pinus sylvestris L. trees. NIR FT-Raman spectroscopy offered the possibility of revealing pinosylvins simply by visual inspection of Raman spectra whereas DRIFT spectra needed a more complicated evaluation. Pinosylvin and resin acids from Scots pine were examined as to the possibility of their being the cause of observed spectral differences between sapwood and heartwood. Since pinosylvins are important compounds for the decay resistance of Scots pine wood, the detection of pinosylvins with Raman spectroscopy might be used to assess durability of wood products.
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| 44. |
- Jakobsson, T., et al.
(författare)
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Human sensitivity to colour shifts in prints
- 1998
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Ingår i: Advances in printing science and technology. - Leatherhead : Pira International. - 1858022290 ; , s. 115-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
- Jansson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of allochthonous organic carbon on microbial food web carbon dynamics and structure in Lake Örträsket
- 1999
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Ingår i: Archiv für Hydrobiologie. - 0003-9136. ; 144:4, s. 409-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial utilization of allochthonous organic carbon and the subsequent fate of the bacterial production in the pelagic food web were estimated in Lake Örträsket, a large humic lake in northern Sweden. Bacterial production relied mainly on allochthonous DOC and exceeded primary production in the epilimnion. Bacterial productivity was clearly stimulated during high flow episodes, increasing the input of bacteria degradable organic material to the lake. Bacterioplankton were exploited mainly by mixotrophic flagellates which probably used bacteria as a source of carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen. The possibly extremely low availability of inorganic P during periods with high bacterial production may have allowed the mixotrophs to outcompete obligate autotrophs and help them become dominant phytoplankters during large parts of the summer. The results from Lake Örträsket indicated that the total production depended on bacterial energy mobilization from allochthonous organic carbon compounds and that heterotrophic mobilized energy was linked via mixotrophs to higher levels in the food chain.
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| 46. |
- Karlsson, Karl-Anders, 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected carbohydrate cross-binding by Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Recognition of human and rabbit target cell glycoconjugates in comparison with cholera toxin.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. - 0968-0896. ; 4:11, s. 1919-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterial protein enterotoxins, cholera toxin (CT) of Vibrio cholerae and heat-labile toxin (LT) of Escherichia coli, induce diarrhea by enhancing the secretory activity of the small intestine of man and rabbit (animal model). This physiological effect is mediated by toxin binding to a glycolipid receptor, the ganglioside GM1, Gal beta 3GalNAc beta 4(NeuAc alpha 3)GAl beta 4Glc beta 1Cer. However, LT, but not CT, was recently shown by us to bind also to paragloboside, Gal beta 4GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta 4Glc beta 1Cer, identified in the target cells. By molecular modeling of this tetrasaccharide in the known binding site of LT, the saccharide-peptide interaction was shown to be limited to the terminal disaccharide (N-acetyllactosamine). This sequence is expressed in many glycoconjugates, and we have therefore assayed glycolipids and glycoproteins prepared from the target tissues. In addition to paragloboside, receptor activity for LT was detected in glycoproteins of human origin and in polyglycosylceramides of rabbit. However, CT bound only to GM1. Two variants of LT with slightly different sequences, human (hLT) and porcine (pLT), were identical in their binding to target glycoproteins and polyglycosylceramides, but different regarding paragloboside, which was positive for pLT but negative for hLT. This difference is discussed on basis of modeling, taking in view the difference at position 13, with Arg in pLT and His in hLT. Although N-acetyllactosamine is differently recognized in form of paragloboside by the two toxin variants, we speculate that this sequence in human glycoproteins and rabbit polyglycosylceramides is the basis for the common binding. Much work remains, however, to clear up up this unexpected sophistication in target recognition.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Mellemgaard, A., et al.
(författare)
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International renal-cell cancer study. III. Role of weight, height, physical activity, and use of amphetamines
- 1995
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 60:3, s. 350-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although numerous studies have identified obesity or high relative weight as a risk factor for renal-cell cancer in women, the degree to which this effect is present in men remains unclear. A multicenter population-based case-control study concerning incident cases of histologically verified renal-cell cancer (n = 1,732) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 2,309) was conducted in Australia, Denmark, Germany (2 centers), Sweden and the United States. Relative weight was estimated by the body mass index, and the association between this factor and other factors, such as height, physical activity and use of amphetamines, was measured by the relative risk estimated in logistic regression models. Body mass index was found to be a risk factor among women and, to a lesser extent, among men. A 3-fold increased risk (RR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.3-5.7) was observed for women with a relative weight in the top 5% compared with those in the lowest quartile. Rate of weight change (estimated as weight change per annum in kilograms) appeared to be an independent risk factor among women but not among men. Physical activity and height were unrelated to risk of renal-cell cancer regardless of level of BMI, while use of amphetamines was associated with an increased risk among men, although no dose or duration effect was seen. Our findings verify the link between high relative weight and risk of renal-cell cancer, particularly among women. The mechanism that underlies this association is, however, still unclear, although the rate of weight change may play a role.
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