| 1. |
- Kulmala, M., et al.
(författare)
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General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) - integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 11:24, s. 13061-13143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe and summarize the main achievements of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions project (EUCAARI). EUCAARI started on 1 January 2007 and ended on 31 December 2010 leaving a rich legacy including: (a) a comprehensive database with a year of observations of the physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosol particles over Europe, (b) comprehensive aerosol measurements in four developing countries, (c) a database of airborne measurements of aerosols and clouds over Europe during May 2008, (d) comprehensive modeling tools to study aerosol processes fron nano to global scale and their effects on climate and air quality. In addition a new Pan-European aerosol emissions inventory was developed and evaluated, a new cluster spectrometer was built and tested in the field and several new aerosol parameterizations and computations modules for chemical transport and global climate models were developed and evaluated. These achievements and related studies have substantially improved our understanding and reduced the uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing and air quality-climate interactions. The EUCAARI results can be utilized in European and global environmental policy to assess the aerosol impacts and the corresponding abatement strategies.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zheng, Hou-Feng, et al.
(författare)
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WNT16 influences bone mineral density, Cortical bone thickness, bone strength, and Osteoporotic fracture risk
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - SAN FRANCISCO, USA : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1553-7404. ; 8:7, s. e1002745-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with cortical bone thickness (CBT) and bone mineral density (BMD) by performing two separate genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses for CBT in 3 cohorts comprising 5,878 European subjects and for BMD in 5 cohorts comprising 5,672 individuals. We then assessed selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for osteoporotic fracture in 2,023 cases and 3,740 controls. Association with CBT and forearm BMD was tested for ∼2.5 million SNPs in each cohort separately, and results were meta-analyzed using fixed effect meta-analysis. We identified a missense SNP (Thr>Ile; rs2707466) located in the WNT16 gene (7q31), associated with CBT (effect size of -0.11 standard deviations [SD] per C allele, P = 6.2×10(-9)). This SNP, as well as another nonsynonymous SNP rs2908004 (Gly>Arg), also had genome-wide significant association with forearm BMD (-0.14 SD per C allele, P = 2.3×10(-12), and -0.16 SD per G allele, P = 1.2×10(-15), respectively). Four genome-wide significant SNPs arising from BMD meta-analysis were tested for association with forearm fracture. SNP rs7776725 in FAM3C, a gene adjacent to WNT16, was associated with a genome-wide significant increased risk of forearm fracture (OR = 1.33, P = 7.3×10(-9)), with genome-wide suggestive signals from the two missense variants in WNT16 (rs2908004: OR = 1.22, P = 4.9×10(-6) and rs2707466: OR = 1.22, P = 7.2×10(-6)). We next generated a homozygous mouse with targeted disruption of Wnt16. Female Wnt16(-/-) mice had 27% (P<0.001) thinner cortical bones at the femur midshaft, and bone strength measures were reduced between 43%-61% (6.5×10(-13)
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| 4. |
- Benetou, V, et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean diet and incidence of hip fractures in a European cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer London. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 24:5, s. 1587-1598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevention of hip fractures is of critical public health importance. In a cohort of adults from eight European countries, evidence was found that increased adherence to Mediterranean diet, measured by a 10-unit dietary score, is associated with reduced hip fracture incidence, particularly among men. INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the role of dietary patterns on hip fracture incidence is scarce. We explored the association of adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) with hip fracture incidence in a cohort from eight European countries. METHODS: A total of 188,795 eligible participants (48,814 men and 139,981 women) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study with mean age 48.6 years (±10.8) were followed for a median of 9 years, and 802 incident hip fractures were recorded. Diet was assessed at baseline through validated dietary instruments. Adherence to MD was evaluated by a MD score (MDs), on a 10-point scale, in which monounsaturated were substituted with unsaturated lipids. Association with hip fracture incidence was assessed through Cox regression with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: Increased adherence to MD was associated with a 7 % decrease in hip fracture incidence [hazard ratio (HR) per 1-unit increase in the MDs 0.93; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 0.89-0.98]. This association was more evident among men and somewhat stronger among older individuals. Using increments close to one standard deviation of daily intake, in the overall sample, high vegetable (HR = 0.86; 95 % CI = 0.79-0.94) and high fruit (HR = 0.89; 95 % CI = 0.82-0.97) intake was associated with decreased hip fracture incidence, whereas high meat intake (HR = 1.18; 95 % CI = 1.06-1.31) with increased incidence. Excessive ethanol consumption (HR high versus moderate = 1.74; 95 % CI = 1.32-2.31) was also a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective study of adults, increased adherence to MD appears to protect against hip fracture occurrence, particularly among men.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jaaskelainen, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of a multiplexed serological microarray for the detection of antibodies against central nervous system pathogens
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Microbiological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7012. ; 100, s. 27-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central nervous system (CNS) infections have multiple potential causative agents for which simultaneous pathogen screening can provide a useful tool. This study evaluated a multiplexed microarray for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against CNS pathogens. The performance of selected microarray antigens for the detection of IgG antibodies against herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, was evaluated using serum sample panels tested with reference assays used in a routine diagnostic laboratory. The microarray sensitivity for HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, adenovirus and M. pneumonia ranged from 77% to 100%, and the specificity ranged from 74% to 97%. Very variable sensitivities and specificities were found for borrelial antigens of three different VIsE protein IR(6) peptide variants (IR6p1, IR6p2, IR6p4) and three recombinant decorin binding proteins A (DbpA; DbpAla, DbpA91, DbpAG40). For single antigens, good specificity was shown for antigens of IR6p4 and DbpAla (96%), while DbpA91, IR6p1 and IR6p2 were moderately specific (88-92%). The analytical sensitivity of the microarray was dependent on the borrelial IgG concentration of the specimen. The overall performance and technical features of the platform showed that the platform supports both recombinant proteins, whole viruses and peptides as antigens. This study showed diagnostic potential for all six CNS pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, using glutaraldehyde based microarray, and further highlighted the importance of careful antigen selection and the requirement for the use of multiple borrelial antigens in order to increase specificity without a major lack of sensitivity. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Liti, Gianni, et al.
(författare)
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High quality de novo sequencing and assembly of the Saccharomyces arboricolus genome.
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Comparative genomics is a formidable tool to identify functional elements throughout a genome. In the past ten years, studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a set of closely related species have been instrumental in showing the benefit of analyzing patterns of sequence conservation. Increasing the number of closely related genome sequences makes the comparative genomics approach more powerful and accurate. RESULTS: Here, we report the genome sequence and analysis of Saccharomyces arboricolus, a yeast species recently isolated in China, that is closely related to S. cerevisiae. We obtained high quality de novo sequence and assemblies using a combination of next generation sequencing technologies, established the phylogenetic position of this species and considered its phenotypic profile under multiple environmental conditions in the light of its gene content and phylogeny. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the genome of S. arboricolus will be useful in future comparative genomics analysis of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts.
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| 8. |
- Simpson, David, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model - technical description
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 12:16, s. 7825-7865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W) of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) has been performing model calculations in support of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) for more than 30 years. The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model is still one of the key tools within European air pollution policy assessments. Traditionally, the model has covered all of Europe with a resolution of about 50 km x 50 km, and extending vertically from ground level to the tropopause (100 hPa). The model has changed extensively over the last ten years, however, with flexible processing of chemical schemes, meteorological inputs, and with nesting capability: the code is now applied on scales ranging from local (ca. 5 km grid size) to global (with 1 degree resolution). The model is used to simulate photo-oxidants and both inorganic and organic aerosols. In 2008 the EMEP model was released for the first time as public domain code, along with all required input data for model runs for one year. The second release of the EMEP MSC-W model became available in mid 2011, and a new release is targeted for summer 2012. This publication is in-tended to document this third release of the EMEP MSC-W model. The model formulations are given, along with details of input data-sets which are used, and a brief background on some of the choices made in the formulation is presented. The model code itself is available at www.emep.int, along with the data required to run for a full year over Europe.
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| 9. |
- Tengblad, O., et al.
(författare)
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Phoswich scintillator for proton and gamma radiation of high energy
- 2011
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 9780735409835 ; 1409, s. 141-144
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a Phoswich scintillator design to achieve both high resolution gamma ray detection, and good efficiency for high energy protons. There are recent developments of new high resolution scintillator materials. Especially the LaBr3(Ce) and LaCl3(Ce) crystals have very good energy resolution in the order of 3% for 662 keV gamma radiation. In addition, these materials exhibit a very good light output (63 and 32 photons/keV respectively). A demonstrator detector in the form of an Al cylinder of 24 mm diameter and a total length of 80 mm with 2 mm wall thickness, containing a LaBr3(Ce) crystal of 20 mm diameter and 30 mm length directly coupled to a LaCl3(Ce) crystal of 50 mm length, and closed with a glass window of 5 mm, was delivered by Saint Gobain. To the glass window a Hamamatsu R5380 Photomultiplier tube (PMT) was coupled using silicon optical grease. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Artemenko, Konstantin A., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of immunoaffinity enrichment and detection : toward a comprehensive characterization of the phosphotyrosine proteome of K562 cells by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 136:9, s. 1971-1978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues regulates many cell functions and has also been proved to be involved in oncogenesis. Thus, the identification of the phosphotyrosine (pTyr) proteome of cells is a very important task. Since tyrosine phosphorylation represents only around 1% of the total human phosphoproteome, the study of pTyr proteins is rather challenging. Here we report the optimization study of the phosphotyrosine proteome using K562 cells as a model system. A substantial segment of the phosphotyrosine proteome of K562 cells was characterized by immunoaffinity enrichment with 4G10 and PYKD1 antibodies followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 480 non-redundant pTyr peptides corresponding to 342 pTyr proteins were found. 141 pTyr peptides were not described elsewhere. The mass spectrometry approach involving high-resolving FTMS analysis of precursor ions and subsequent detection of CID fragments in a linear ion trap was considered as optimal. For detection of low abundant pTyr peptides pooling of individual immunoaffinity enrichments for one LC-MS/MS analysis was crucial. The enrichment properties of the monoclonal PYKD1 antibody were presented for the first time, also in comparison to the 4G10 antibody. PYKD1 was found to be more effective for protein enrichment (1.2 and 5% efficiency at peptide and protein level correspondingly), while 4G10 showed better results when peptide enrichment was performed (15% efficiency versus 3.6% at protein level). Substantially different subsets of the phosphoproteome were enriched by these antibodies. This finding together with previous studies demonstrates that comprehensive pTyr proteome characterization by immunoprecipitation requires multiple antibodies to be used for the affinity enrichment.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bergström Lind, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a comprehensive characterization of the phosphotyrosine proteome
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cellular Signalling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0898-6568 .- 1873-3913. ; 23:8, s. 1387-1395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) regulates important cell functions and plays a key role in carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive study of the phosphotyrosine proteome. Immunoaffinity enriched pTyr proteins and peptides from K562 leukemia cells were analyzed with high-resolving liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Two different antibodies selective for the pTyr modification were used in repeated enrichments to identify as many pTyr peptides as possible. Stringent verification of putative pTyr sites was performed to assure high reliability in the subsequent biological interpretation of the data. Identified pTyr proteins were subjected to pathway analysis by using different analytical tools. In total, 294 pTyr peptides belonging to 217 pTyr proteins were identified, 15 of which had not previously been reported to be modified by pTyr. The pTyr proteins were clustered in six major groups based on the biological functions "cellular signaling", "cell motility and shape", "cell cycle process", "transport", "RNA processing" and "protein processing". The pTyr proteins were mainly positioned in the following cellular compartments: cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus and ribonucleoprotein complexes. An interesting finding was that many proteins were related to RNA processing and were found to be heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Also, more than half of the novel pTyr proteins were localized to the nucleus, of which three (PBX2, TEAD1 and DIDO1) were classified as transcription factors and two (CENPC1 and MAD2L1) are associated with cell division control.
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| 14. |
- Besharat Pour, M, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of parental migration background on childhood nutrition, physical activity, and body mass index
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of obesity. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0716 .- 2090-0708. ; 2014, s. 406529-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, and obesity in children have important public health implications but, to date, their effects have not been studied in the growing population of children in Sweden with immigrant parents.Methods. We estimated the association between parental migration background and nutrition, physical activity, and weight in 8-year-old children born in Stockholm between 1994 and 1996 of immigrants and Swedish parents (n=2589). Data were collected through clinical examination and questionnaires filled out by parents. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.Results. Children of immigrants complied more closely with Nordic Nutrition Recommendations compared with those of Swedes (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.11–1.64). They had higher intake of dietary fibre, vitamins C, B6, and E, folic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) reflecting higher consumption of foods of plant origin, but lower intake of vitamins A and D, calcium, and iron reflecting lower consumption of dairy products. Children of immigrants had higher intake of sucrose reflecting higher consumption of sugar and sweets. Furthermore, these children had a higher risk of having low physical activity (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.06–1.62) and being overweight (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.65) compared with children of Swedish parents. The odds of having low physical activity and being overweight were even higher in children whose parents were both immigrants. A low level of parental education was associated with increased risk of low physical activity regardless of immigration background.Conclusions. Culturally appropriate tools to capture the diverse range of ethnic foods and other lifestyle habits are needed. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the low levels of physical activity, increased weight, and lack of consumption of some important vitamins among children of immigrants.
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| 15. |
- Bucas, M., et al.
(författare)
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Empirical modelling of benthic species distribution, abundance, and diversity in the Baltic Sea : evaluating the scope for predictive mapping using different modelling approaches
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 70:6, s. 1233-1243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The predictive performance of distribution models of common benthic species in the Baltic Sea was compared using four non-linear methods: generalized additive models (GAMs), multivariate adaptive regression splines, random forest (RF), and maximum entropy modelling (MAXENT). The effects of data traits were also tested. In total, 292 occurrence models and 204 quantitative (abundance and diversity) models were assessed. The main conclusions are that (i) the spatial distribution, abundance, and diversity of benthic species in the Baltic Sea can be successfully predicted using several non-linear predictive modelling techniques; (ii) RF was the most accurate method for both models, closely followed by GAM and MAXENT; (iii) correlation coefficients of predictive performance among the modelling techniques were relatively low, suggesting that the performance of methods is related to specific responses; (iv) the differences in predictive performance among the modelling methods could only partly be explained by data traits; (v) the response prevalence was the most important explanatory variable for predictive accuracy of GAM and MAXENT on occurrence data; (vi) RF on the occurrence data was the only method sensitive to sampling density; (vii) a higher predictive accuracy of abundance models could be achieved by reducing variance in the response data and increasing the sample size.
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| 16. |
- Currier, Russell W, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans: brief discussions of some individual organisms.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1749-6632 .- 0077-8923. ; 1230, s. 74-107, s. 74-107
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The following series of concise summaries addresses the evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans from the perspective of three specific questions: (1) what have we learned about the likely origin and phylogeny, up to the establishment of the infectious agent in the genital econiche, including the relative frequency of its sexual transmission; (2) what further research is needed to provide additional knowledge on some of these evolutionary aspects; and (3) what evolutionary considerations might aid in providing novel approaches to the more practical clinical and public health issues facing us currently and in the future?
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| 17. |
- Diogenes, Maria Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Extracellular Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers Modulate Synaptic Transmission and Impair LTP Via NMDA-Receptor Activation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:34, s. 11750-11762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common representative of a group of disorders known as synucleinopathies, in which misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (a-syn) in various brain regions is the major pathological hallmark. Indeed, the motor symptoms in PD are caused by a heterogeneous degeneration of brain neurons not only in substantia nigra pars compacta but also in other extrastriatal areas of the brain. In addition to the well known motor dysfunction in PD patients, cognitive deficits and memory impairment are also an important part of the disorder, probably due to disruption of synaptic transmission and plasticity in extrastriatal areas, including the hippocampus. Here, we investigated the impact of a-syn aggregation on AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated rat hippocampal (CA3-CA1) synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), the neurophysiological basis for learning and memory. Our data show that prolonged exposure to a-syn oligomers, but not monomers or fibrils, increases basal synaptic transmission through NMDA receptor activation, triggering enhanced contribution of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. Slices treated with a-syn oligomers were unable to respond with further potentiation to theta-burst stimulation, leading to impaired LTP. Prior delivery of a low-frequency train reinstated the ability to express LTP, implying that exposure to a-syn oligomers drives the increase of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, preventing further potentiation by physiological stimuli. Our novel findings provide mechanistic insight on how a-syn oligomers may trigger neuronal dysfunction and toxicity in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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| 18. |
- Disch, S., et al.
(författare)
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Spin excitations in cubic maghemite nanoparticles studied by time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 89:6, s. 064402-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have determined the field dependence of collective magnetic excitations in iron oxide nanoparticles of cubic shape with 8.42(2) nm edge length and a narrow log normal size distribution of 8.2(2)% using time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy. The energy dependence of the uniform precession modes was investigated up to 5 T applied field and yields a Lande factor g = 2.05(2) as expected for maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. A large effective anisotropy field of B-A,B-eff = 0.45(16) T was determined, in excellent agreement with macroscopic measurements. This anisotropy is attributed to enhanced shape anisotropy in these monodisperse cubic nanoparticles. The combination of our results with macroscopic magnetization information provides a consistent view of the energy scales of superparamagnetic relaxation and collective magnetic excitations in magnetic nanoparticles.
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| 19. |
- Genberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Light-absorbing carbon in Europe - measurement and modelling, with a focus on residential wood combustion emissions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 13:17, s. 8719-8738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atmospheric concentration of elemental carbon (EC) in Europe during the six-year period 2005-2010 has been simulated with the EMEP MSC-W model. The model bias compared to EC measurements was less than 20% for most of the examined sites. The model results suggest that fossil fuel combustion is the dominant source of EC in most of Europe but that there are important contributions also from residential wood burning during the cold seasons and, during certain episodes, also from open biomass burning (wildfires and agricultural fires). The modelled contributions from open biomass fires to ground level concentrations of EC were small at the sites included in the present study, <3% of the long-term average of EC in PM10. The modelling of this EC source is subject to many uncertainties, and it was likely underestimated for some episodes. EC measurements and modelled EC were also compared to optical measurements of black carbon (BC). The relationships between EC and BC (as given by mass absorption cross section, MAC, values) differed widely between the sites, and the correlation between observed EC and BC is sometimes poor, making it difficult to compare results using the two techniques and limiting the comparability of BC measurements to model EC results. A new bottom-up emission inventory for carbonaceous aerosol from residential wood combustion has been applied. For some countries the new inventory has substantially different EC emissions compared to earlier estimates. For northern Europe the most significant changes are much lower emissions in Norway and higher emissions in neighbouring Sweden and Finland. For Norway and Sweden, comparisons to source-apportionment data from winter campaigns indicate that the new inventory may improve model-calculated EC from wood burning. Finally, three different model setups were tested with variable atmospheric lifetimes of EC in order to evaluate the model sensitivity to the assumptions regarding hygroscopicity and atmospheric ageing of EC. The standard ageing scheme leads to a rapid transformation of the emitted hydrophobic EC to hygroscopic particles, and generates similar results when assuming that all EC is aged at the point of emission. Assuming hydrophobic emissions and no ageing leads to higher EC concentrations. For the more remote sites, the observed EC concentration was in between the modelled EC using standard ageing and the scenario treating EC as hydrophobic. This could indicate too-rapid EC ageing in the model in relatively clean parts of the atmosphere.
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| 20. |
- Rosen, Bengt-Göran, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Topographic modelling of haptic properties of tissue products
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - Bristol : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 483:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The way a product or material feels when touched, haptics, has been shown to be a property that plays an important role when consumers determine the quality of products For tissue products in constant touch with the skin, softness becomes a primary quality parameter. In the present work, the relationship between topography and the feeling of the surface has been investigated for commercial tissues with varying degree of texture from the low textured crepe tissue to the highly textured embossed- and air-dried tissue products. A trained sensory panel at was used to grade perceived haptic «roughness». The technique used to characterize the topography was Digital light projection (DLP) technique, By the use of multivariate statistics, strong correlations between perceived roughness and topography were found with predictability of above 90 percent even though highly textured products were included. Characterization was made using areal ISO 25178-2 topography parameters in combination with non-contacting topography measurement. The best prediction ability was obtained when combining haptic properties with the topography parameters auto-correlation length (Sal), peak material volume (Vmp), core roughness depth (Sk) and the maximum height of the surface (Sz). © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 21. |
- Tengblad, Olof, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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LaBr3(Ce):LaCl3(Ce) Phoswich with pulse shape analysis for high energy gamma-ray and proton identification
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 704:0, s. 19-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel Phoswich design based on new generation scintillator crystals is presented. The detector composed from a combination of a LaBr3(Ce) with a LaCl3(Ce) crystal in one cylinder coupled to a photo multiplier tube has been tested both for incident gamma rays in the range of 0.3–6 MeV, as well as for high energy protons in the range 120–180 MeV. The Phoswich assembly has not significantly deteriorated the energy resolution, which for 662 KeV gamma rays gives a resolution of 4.5%, while for high energy protons (Ep=180 MeV) an energy resolution of 1% was obtained. It is shown that the signals from the two crystals can be separated in an event by event based mode. Using direct digitizing of the detector pulse an off-line pulse-shape analysis was performed built either on a total to tail or total to pulse height method in order to fully identify the incoming radiation. Our aim with this R&D is to in the future build a detector which is able to detect with good efficiency and resolution over a wide energy range; 0.1–30 MeV gamma rays and 20–400 MeV protons. Monte Carlo simulations made in order to design the next prototype are presented.
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| 22. |
- Uusijärvi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Use of antibiotics in infancy and childhood and risk of recurrent abdominal pain-a Swedish birth cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 26:6, s. 841-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The etiology of recurrent abdominal pain of functional origin (AP) is largely unknown. Antibiotic treatment influences the intestinal microbiota, and a few studies have indicated an increased risk of AP in adults after antibiotic treatment. Corresponding data in children are lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the association between antibiotic treatment during childhood and AP at 12years.Methods: Two thousand seven hundred and thirty-two children from a Swedish, population-based birth cohort. Parents reported antibiotic use for the children between birth and 2years. Antibiotic use between 9 and 12years was collected from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The children answered questionnaires regarding AP at age 12. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AP at 12years as a function of antibiotic use.Key Results: Antibiotic treatment between 9 and 12years was not associated with AP at 12. Children who had received 3 courses, or broad-spectrum antibiotics between 9 and 12years had an increased risk of AP at 12, but these associations failed to reach statistical significance. Antibiotic treatment during both the first and the second year of life increased the risk of AP in girls at 12 (OR 1.65; 95% CI: 1.09-2.49), but not in boys or the whole cohort.Conclusions & Inferences: Antibiotic treatment does not seem to be a major risk factor for AP at 12years. However, we cannot exclude that repeated courses, especially to infant girls, or use of broad-spectrum antibiotics between 9 and 12years may be associated with an increased risk of AP.
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| 23. |
- Wang, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Compacted nanoscale sensors by merging ZnO nanorods with interdigitated electrodes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. - : SPIE. - 9780819486059
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ZnO nanorods (NRs) sensors utilizing hybrid or monolithic integration of the NRs on nanoscale or microscale interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) were fabricated and characterized. The IDEs with their finger electrode width ranging from 50 nm to 3 μm were formed on SiO2/Si substrates by nanoimprint lithography or conventional photolithography and metallization techniques, whereas the ZnO NRs were grown by chemical synthesis method. The average diameter of the ZnO NRs is about 100 nm, and their length can be varied from 2 to 5 μm by controlling growth time. When sensing targets, such as molecules or nanoparticles, bind onto the ZnO NRs, the conductance between IDEs will change. As probing test, II-VI quantum dots (QDs) were attached on the ZnO NRs, and clear responses were obtained by measuring and comparing current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of the sensor before and after binding the QDs.
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| 24. |
- Warnke, C., et al.
(författare)
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Changes to anti-JCV antibody levels in a Swedish national MS cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X. ; 84:11, s. 1199-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The anti-JC virus (JCV) antibody status has been introduced to stratify patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) for higher or lower risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Objective To assess the potential utility of anti-JCV antibody levels for earlier diagnosis or prediction of PML. Methods An analytically validated antibody assay was used to determine serological status, normalised optical density values, and dilution titres for anti-JCV antibodies. The method was applied to stored sera of 1157 patients with MS including five cases of PML, all enrolled in the Swedish pharmacovigilance study for natalizumab (NAT). Anticytomegalovirus (CMV) and antivaricella-zoster (VZV) antibody levels served as controls. Results Prior to treatment with NAT, anti-JCV antibody levels were stable in the anti-JCV positive patients. During therapy, a slight decrease in anti-JCV and anti-VZV antibody levels, but not anti-CMV antibody levels, was observed. All five patients who developed PML showed a mild to moderate increase in anti-JCV antibody levels at time of PML diagnosis; pre-PML samples suggested that this increase might start already prior to diagnosis of PML. Conclusions Treatment initiation with NAT may lead to a slight decrease in anti-JCV and anti-VZV antibody levels, suggestive of a mild suppressive effect of NAT on antibody levels. Our findings in five cases of PML demonstrate that the onset of PML can be accompanied by increasing anti-JCV antibodies in serum. Monitoring of anti-JCV antibody levels could potentially be used as a tool for prediction or earlier diagnosis of PML during NAT treatment for MS. Further studies are warranted.
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| 25. |
- Aas, W., et al.
(författare)
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Lessons learnt from the first EMEP intensive measurement periods
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 12:17, s. 8073-8094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first EMEP intensive measurement periods were held in June 2006 and January 2007. The measurements aimed to characterize the aerosol chemical compositions, including the gas/aerosol partitioning of inorganic compounds. The measurement program during these periods included daily or hourly measurements of the secondary inorganic components, with additional measurements of elemental- and organic carbon (EC and OC) and mineral dust in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. These measurements have provided extended knowledge regarding the composition of particulate matter and the temporal and spatial variability of PM, as well as an extended database for the assessment of chemical transport models. This paper summarise the first experiences of making use of measurements from the first EMEP intensive measurement periods along with EMEP model results from the updated model version to characterise aerosol composition. We investigated how the PM chemical composition varies between the summer and the winter month and geographically. The observation and model data are in general agreement regarding the main features of PM10 and PM2.5 composition and the relative contribution of different components, though the EMEP model tends to give slightly lower estimates of PM10 and PM2.5 compared to measurements. The intensive measurement data has identified areas where improvements are needed. Hourly concurrent measurements of gaseous and particulate components for the first time facilitated testing of modelled diurnal variability of the gas/aerosol partitioning of nitrogen species. In general, the modelled diurnal cycles of nitrate and ammonium aerosols are in fair agreement with the measurements, but the diurnal variability of ammonia is not well captured. The largest differences between model and observations of aerosol mass are seen in Italy during winter, which to a large extent may be explained by an underestimation of residential wood burning sources. It should be noted that both primary and secondary OC has been included in the calculations for the first time, showing promising results. Mineral dust is important, especially in southern Europe, and the model seems to capture the dust episodes well. The lack of measurements of mineral dust hampers the possibility for model evaluation for this highly uncertain PM component. There are also lessons learnt regarding improved measurements for future intensive periods. There is a need for increased comparability between the measurements at different sites. For the nitrogen compounds it is clear that more measurements using artefact free methods based on continuous measurement methods and/or denuders are needed. For EC/OC, a reference methodology (both in field and laboratory) was lacking during these periods giving problems with comparability, though measurement protocols have recently been established and these should be followed by the Parties to the EMEP Protocol. For measurements with no defined protocols, it might be a good solution to use centralised laboratories to ensure comparability across the network. To cope with the introduction of these new measurements, new reporting guidelines have been developed to ensure that all proper information about the methodologies and data quality is given.
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| 26. |
- Abdelmagid, N., et al.
(författare)
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The Calcitonin Receptor Gene Is a Candidate for Regulation of Susceptibility to Herpes simplex Type 1 Neuronal Infection Leading to Encephalitis in Rat
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Plos Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374. ; 8:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a fatal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) predominantly caused by Herpes simplex virus type 1. Factors regulating the susceptibility to HSE are still largely unknown. To identify host gene(s) regulating HSE susceptibility we performed a genome-wide linkage scan in an intercross between the susceptible DA and the resistant PVG rat. We found one major quantitative trait locus (QTL), Hse1, on rat chromosome 4 (confidence interval 24.3-31 Mb; LOD score 29.5) governing disease susceptibility. Fine mapping of Hse1 using recombinants, haplotype mapping and sequencing, as well as expression analysis of all genes in the interval identified the calcitonin receptor gene (Calcr) as the main candidate, which also is supported by functional studies. Thus, using unbiased genetic approach variability in Calcr was identified as potentially critical for infection and viral spread to the CNS and subsequent HSE development.
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| 27. |
- Adamiak, Beata, et al.
(författare)
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Human antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C are neutralizing and target the heparan sulfate-binding domain
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6822. ; 400:2, s. 197-206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human antibodies specific for glycoprotein C (gC1) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) neutralized the virus infectivity and efficiently inhibited attachment of HSV-1 to human HaCaT keratinocytes and to murine mutant L cells expressing either heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate at the cell surface. Similar activities were observed with anti-gC1 monoclonal antibody B1C1. In addition to HaCaT and L cells, B1C1 antibody neutralized HSV-1 infectivity in simian GMK AH1 cells mildly pre-treated with heparinase III. Human anti-gC1 antibodies efficiently competed with the binding of gC1 to B1C1 antibody whose epitope overlaps a part of the attachment domain of gC1. Human anti-gC1 and B1C1 antibodies extended survival time of mice experimentally infected with HSV-1. We conclude that in HaCaT cells and in cell systems showing restricted expression of glycosaminoglycans, human and some monoclonal anti-gC1 antibodies can target the cell-binding domain of this protein and neutralize viral infectivity.
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| 28. |
- Alhalaweh, Amjad, et al.
(författare)
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Computational predictions of glass-forming ability and crystallization tendency of drug molecules
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:9, s. 3123-3132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphization is an attractive formulation technique for drugs suffering from poor aqueous solubility as a result of their high lattice energy. Computational models that can predict the material properties associated with amorphization, such as glass-forming ability (GFA) and crystallization behavior in the dry state, would be a time-saving, cost-effective, and material-sparing approach compared to traditional experimental procedures. This article presents predictive models of these properties developed using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The GFA and crystallization tendency were investigated by melt-quenching 131 drug molecules in situ using differential scanning calorimetry. The SVM algorithm was used to develop computational models based on calculated molecular descriptors. The analyses confirmed the previously suggested cutoff molecular weight (MW) of 300 for glass-formers, and also clarified the extent to which MW can be used to predict the GFA of compounds with MW < 300. The topological equivalent of Grav3_3D, which is related to molecular size and shape, was a better descriptor than MW for GFA; it was able to accurately predict 86% of the data set regardless of MW. The potential for crystallization was predicted using molecular descriptors reflecting Hückel pi atomic charges and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors. The models developed could be used in the early drug development stage to indicate whether amorphization would be a suitable formulation strategy for improving the dissolution and/or apparent solubility of poorly soluble compounds.
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| 29. |
- Alzghoul, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and Computational Prediction of Glass Transition Temperature of Drugs
- 2014
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9596 .- 1549-960X. ; 54:12, s. 3396-3403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glass transition temperature (T-g) is an important inherent property of an amorphous solid material which is usually determined experimentally. In this study, the relation between T-g and melting temperature (T-m) was evaluated using a data set of 71 structurally diverse druglike compounds. Further, in silico models for prediction of T-g were developed based on calculated molecular descriptors and linear (multilinear regression, partial least-squares, principal component regression) and nonlinear (neural network, support vector regression) modeling techniques. The models based on T-m predicted T-g with an RMSE of 19.5 K for the test set. Among the five computational models developed herein the support vector regression gave the best result with RMSE of 18.7 K for the test set using only four chemical descriptors. Hence, two different models that predict T-g of drug-like molecules with high accuracy were developed. If T-m is available, a simple linear regression can be used to predict T-g. However, the results also suggest that support vector regression and calculated molecular descriptors can predict T-g with equal accuracy, already before compound synthesis.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Permeability, pore connectivity and critical pore throat control of expandable polymeric sphere templated macroporous alumina
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 59:3, s. 1239-1248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have regulated the permeability in macroporous alumina materials by manipulating the connectivity of the pore phase and the sizes of the smallest constrictions between connected pores. Templating with particle-coated expandable polymeric spheres (EPS) significantly increased the fraction of isolated pore clusters, and reduced both the sizes and the number of connections with neighboring pores, as determined by three-dimensional evaluation with X-ray micro-computed tomography. The stable particle coating, applied onto the EPS surfaces using polyelectrolyte multilayers, reduced the volume expansion and the coalescence of the EPS at elevated temperatures, which reduced the simulated permeability by as much as two orders of magnitude compared to templating with uncoated EPS in materials of similar porosities. We show that the Katz-Thompson model accurately predicts the permeability for the macroporous alumina materials with porosities of 46-76%. This suggests that the permeability to fluid flow in these materials is governed by the smallest constrictions between connected pores: the critical pore throat diameter.
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional structure analysis by X-ray micro-computed tomography of macroporous alumina templated with expandable microspheres
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 30:12, s. 2547-2554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three-dimensional (3D) structures of macroporous alumina, produced by a novel method that combines gel casting with expandable polymericmicrospheres as a sacrificial templating material, have been characterised by X-ray micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). The grey-scale intensitytomogram data produced by the X-ray µ-CT was segmented into porous and solid phases and the individual pores were identified. We comparedtwo-dimensional slices of the analysed data with the corresponding scanning electron microscopy images and showed that the structural featuresof the pores were well reproduced in the X-ray µ-CT images. 3D visualisations of the pore structure and the pore network were also shown. Theopen porosity obtained from X-ray µ-CT corresponded well with the porosity derived from mercury porosimetry for pores larger than the voxeldimension (3 µm). The quantitative analysis also yielded information on the spatial variations in porosity and the number of connected neighboursof pores. The 3D data was used to relate the calculated permeability to the open porosity.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Ayukekbong, James A., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of seasonality of norovirus and other enteric viruses in Cameroon by real-time PCR : an exploratory study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 142:7, s. 1393-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the seasonal fluctuation of norovirus and other enteric viruses in Cameroon. Two hundred participants aged between 1 and 69 years were prospectively followed up. Each participant provided monthly faecal samples over a 12-month period. A total of 2484 samples were tested using multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of norovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus. The effect of weather variables and risk factors were analysed by Pearson correlation and bivariate analysis. Overall, enterovirus was the most commonly detected virus (216% of specimens), followed by norovirus (39%) and rotavirus (04%). Norovirus and enterovirus were detected throughout the year with a peak of norovirus detection at the beginning of the rainy season and a significant alternation of circulation of norovirus genogroups from one month to the next. Age <5 years and consumption of tap water were risk factors for norovirus infection. Better understanding of factors influencing transmission and seasonality may provide insights into the relationship between physical environment and risk of infection for these viruses.
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| 34. |
- Ballem, Mohamed A.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica and their Use as Templates for Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis covers the synthesis and characterization of two types of mesoporous silica, SBA-15 silica with two-dimensional hexagonal arrangement, and SBA-16 silica with three-dimensional cubic arrangement. The obtained mesoporous materials were then used as hard templates for synthesizing of different types of nanostructures. In the first part, the effects of some synthesis parameters on the morphology and texture properties of the mesoporous silica have been studied. By varying the synthesis temperature solid spheres of SBA-16 with different sizes were synthesized and by additions of heptane as a swelling agent, SBA-16 in a hollow-sphere morphology with a large pore size was obtained. In the case of SBA-15, dispersed rods were synthesized in the presence of heptane and NH4F in a low-temperature synthesis. The length of the rods was varied by changing the concentration of HCl, and the pore size was tuned by changing the hydrothermal treatment time and temperature. Furthermore, the reaction time was decreased with a well-retained pore size and morphology. This work has resulted in SBA-15 rods with large pore sizes for this morphology. In the second part, SBA-15 and SBA-16 silica were used to synthesize different nanostructured materials such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. In fact, most of the work in this part is focused on the use of mesoporous silica as hard templates for synthesis of different types of nanoparticles. The synthesis of these nanoparticles was carried out by infiltration of a suitable precursor in the pores of the silica template. The mesoporous frameworks act as molds controlling the size and the final shape of the formed nanostructures. Subsequent dissolution of the silica templates by NaOH resulted in e.g., monodispersed zirconia, hematite, and cobalt nanoparticles with narrow size distributions. Functionalization of the SBA-15 surfaces was carried out in the synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. This functionalization plays a crucial role on the infiltration and reaction of the reagents in the pores of the silica. By functionalization of the external surface, a highly hydrophobic surface was achieved, which proved to be sufficient to avoid formation of large cobalt particles outside the silica channels, while the internal functionalization enhances the attraction of cobalt ions to the silica pores, and as a result the nanoparticles grew inside these pores.
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| 35. |
- Bauer, Brigitte, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Modification and expulsion of keratins by human epidermal keratinocytes upon hapten exposure in vitro.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chemical research in toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5010 .- 0893-228X. ; 24:5, s. 737-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic contact dermatitis is the most prevalent form of human immunotoxicity. It is caused by reactive low molecular weight chemicals, that is, haptens, coming in contact with the skin where hapten-peptide complexes are formed, activating the immune system. By using sensitizing fluorescent thiol-reactive haptens, that is, bromobimanes, we show how keratinocytes respond to hapten exposure in vitro and reveal, for the first time in a living system, an exact site of haptenation. Rapid internalization and reaction of haptens with keratin filaments were visualized. Subsequently, keratinocytes respond in vitro to hapten exposure by release of membrane blebs, which contain haptenated keratins 5 and 14. Particularly, cysteine 54 of K5 was found to be a specific target. A mechanism is proposed where neoepitopes, otherwise hidden from the immune system, are released after hapten exposure via keratinocyte blebbing. The observed expulsion of modified keratins by keratinocytes in vitro might play a role during hapten sensitization in vivo and should be subject to further investigations.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bergström, Christel A. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Early pharmaceutical profiling to predict oral drug absorption : Current status and unmet needs
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 57, s. 173-199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preformulation measurements are used to estimate the fraction absorbed in vivo for orally administered compounds and thereby allow an early evaluation of the need for enabling formulations. As part of the Oral Biopharmaceutical Tools (OrBiTo) project, this review provides a summary of the pharmaceutical profiling methods available, with focus on in silica and in vitro models typically used to forecast active pharmaceutical ingredient's (APIs) in vivo performance after oral administration. An overview of the composition of human, animal and simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluids is provided and state-of-the art methodologies to study API properties impacting on oral absorption are reviewed. Assays performed during early development, i.e. physicochemical characterization, dissolution profiles under physiological conditions, permeability assays and the impact of excipients on these properties are discussed in detail and future demands on pharmaceutical profiling are identified. It is expected that innovative computational and experimental methods that better describe molecular processes involved in vivo during dissolution and absorption of APIs will be developed in the OrBiTo. These methods will provide early insights into successful pathways (medicinal chemistry or formulation strategy) and are anticipated to increase the number of new APIs with good oral absorption being discovered. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Bergström, Christel A S, 1973-
(författare)
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Early recognition of absorption challenges of contemporary targets: : key molecular properties and in silico tools
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Bulletin Technique Gattefossé. ; 106, s. 50-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Oral route is the preferred option for the administration of small molecules due to convenience and good patient compliance. For absorption to occur, a drug compound needs to be dissolved in the gastrointestinal fluid to permeate the intestinal membrane. In recent times large efforts have been directed towards solubility enhancing strategies due to the poor solubility profile of the current pipeline of pharmaceutical companies. The reasons for the poor solubility, from a molecular perspective, are related to whether the compound has a solid-state limited or solvation limited solubility. Recent studies indicate that rather simple characterization of a molecule, including calculated molecular properties such as lipophilicity, charge, flexibility, planarity and size can provide information of whether the solubility is restricted by the strong crystal lattice or by poor hydration. Early assessment of these properties will allow the processes which limit solubility to be considered during the early formulation discussions, ultimately guiding toward optimal formulation approaches for new chemical entities (NCEs). Recently, it was shown that it is possible to predict, from molecular structure alone, i) the glass-forming ability of molecules (as an indicator of the possibility to manipulate the solid state as a means to increase dissolution rate/apparent solubility) and ii) drug solubility in commonly used pharmaceutical lipids (as an indicator of the possibility of utilizing lipids to increase the dissolved amount NCE delivered to the intestine). Through approaches like these, the future of formulation design will be transformed from experimental screening efforts to predictive science, allowing better understanding of the molecular interactions that result in successful performance in vivo.
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| 39. |
- Bergström, Christel A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Is the full potential of the biopharmaceutics classification system reached?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 57, s. 224-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyse how the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) has been used to date. A survey of the literature resulted in a compilation of 242 compounds for which BCS classes were reported. Of these, 183 compounds had been reported to belong to one specific BCS class whereas 59 compounds had been assigned to multiple BCS classes in different papers. Interestingly, a majority of the BCS class 2 compounds had fraction absorbed (FA) values >85%, indicating that they were completely absorbed after oral administration. Solubility was computationally predicted at pH 6.8 for BCS class 2 compounds to explore the impact of the pH of the small intestine, where most of the absorption occurs, on the solubility. In addition, the solubilization capacity of lipid aggregates naturally present in the intestine was studied computationally and experimentally for a subset of 12 compounds. It was found that all acidic compounds with FA > 85% were completely dissolved in the pH of the small intestine. Further, lipids at the concentration used in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) dissolved the complete dose given of the most lipophilic (logD(6.5) >3) compounds studied. Overall, biorelevant dissolution media (pure buffer of intestinal pH or FaSSIF) identified that for 20 of the 29 BCS class 2 compounds with FA > 85% the complete dose given orally would be dissolved. These results indicate that a more relevant pH restriction for acids and/or dissolution medium with lipids present better forecast solubility-limited absorption in vivo than the presently used BCS solubility criterion. The analysis presented herein further strengthens the discussion on the requirement of more physiologically relevant dissolution media for the in vitro solubility classification performed to reach the full potential of the BCS. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Bergström, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric evaluation of a scale to assess satisfaction with life among people with intellectual disabilities living in community residences
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - : Wiley. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 57:3, s. 250-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In the context of a health intervention among people with intellectual disabilities (ID), there was a need to assess satisfaction with some aspects of life, in order to monitor both potential positive and negative effects of the intervention. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an easily administered scale for assessing satisfaction with home environment and leisure time among people with mild or moderate ID, living in community residences. Methods A number of questions were constructed to measure satisfaction with home environment and leisure time. The questions were answered by 132 adults with mild or moderate ID, living in community residences in Sweden. The dimensionality of the scale was evaluated by factor analysis, and the reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Results The analysis supported a four-factor solution with 12 items. The four factors were: (I) Satisfaction with housing environment; (II) Satisfaction with life; (III) Satisfaction with meals; and (IV) Satisfaction with recreational activity. The four factors explained almost 70% of the variance in the data set. Cronbach alpha coefficients for all scales were above 0.70, indicating that the reliabilities of the scales were satisfactory. Correlations between the four sub-scales ranged from 0.06 to 0.52, indicating low to moderate inter-correlations between the four sub-scales. Conclusion The scale has fairly good psychometric properties and is easy to administer. The scale, which can be further improved, can be an important resource in health intervention studies.
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| 41. |
- Bergström, Joakim H., 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
AGR2, an endoplasmic reticulum protein, is secreted into the gastrointestinal mucus.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MUC2 mucin is the major constituent of the two mucus layers in colon. Mice lacking the disulfide isomerase-like protein Agr2 have been shown to be more susceptible to colon inflammation. The Agr2(-/-) mice have less filled goblet cells and were now shown to have a poorly developed inner colon mucus layer. We could not show AGR2 covalently bound to recombinant MUC2 N- and C-termini as have previously been suggested. We found relatively high concentrations of Agr2 in secreted mucus throughout the murine gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that Agr2 may play extracellular roles. In tissue culture (CHO-K1) cells, AGR2 is normally not secreted. Replacement of the single Cys in AGR2 with Ser (C81S) allowed secretion, suggesting that modification of this Cys might provide a mechanism for circumventing the KTEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. In conclusion, these results suggest that AGR2 has both intracellular and extracellular effects in the intestine.
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| 42. |
- Bergström Lind, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A strategy for identification of protein tyrosine phosphorylation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1046-2023 .- 1095-9130. ; 56:2, s. 275-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop methods for studying phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues is an important task since this protein modification regulates many cellular functions and often is involved in oncogenesis. An optimal protocol includes enrichment of tyrosine phosphorylated (pTyr) peptides or proteins, followed by a high resolving analytical method for identification of the enriched components. In this Methods paper, we describe a working strategy on how immunoaffinity enrichments, using anti-pTyr antibodies, combined with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis can be used to study the pTyr proteome. We describe in detail how our procedure was used to characterize the pTyr proteome of K562 leukemia cells. Important questions concerning the use of different anti-pTyr antibodies, enrichments performed at the peptide and/or the protein level, pooling of enrichments and requirements for the MS characterization are discussed.
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| 43. |
- Bergström Lind, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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The phosphoproteome of the adenovirus type 2 virion
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6822 .- 1096-0341. ; 433:1, s. 253-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used a proteomics approach to identify sites of phosphorylation in the structural proteins of the Adenovirus type 2 particle. This protein modification might play an important role during infection. Peptides from highly purified virus were enriched for phosphorylations and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolving mass spectrometry. Phosphorylations were identified in 11 structural peptides and 29 non-redundant phosphorylation sites were unambiguously assigned to specific amino acid. An unexpected result was the finding of phosphotyrosine in two of the viral polypeptides. The most highly phosphorylated protein was pIIIa with 12 identified phosphorylation sites. An identified preference for proline or leucine residue flanking the phosphorylation sites downstream suggests that cellular kinases are involved in many of the phosphorylations. Structural modeling showed that one site in the hexon is located on the outer side of the virus and could be of importance for the virus when attaching and entering cells.
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| 44. |
- Bergström, Maria, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Self-expandable metal stents as a new treatment option for perforated duodenal ulcer.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Endoscopy. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1438-8812 .- 0013-726X. ; 45:3, s. 222-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary stenting and drainage has been shown to be an effective and safe way to treat esophageal perforations and anastomotic leaks after gastric bypass surgery. We present a case series of eight patients with perforated duodenal ulcers treated with covered self-expandable metal stents (SEMS). The first two patients received their stents because of postoperative leakage after initial traditional surgical closure. The following six patients had SEMS placed as primary treatment due to co-morbidities or technical surgical difficulties. Endoscopy and stent treatment in these six patients was performed at a median of 3 days (range, 0-7 days) after initial symptoms. Six patients had percutaneous abdominal drainage. Early oral intake, 0-7 days after stent placement, was possible. All patients except one recovered without complications and were discharged 9-36 days after stent placement. This series indicates that primary treatment with SEMS and drainage might be an alternative to surgery in patients with perforated ulcer disease.
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| 45. |
- Bergström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of organic aerosols over Europe (2002-2007) using a volatility basis set (VBS) framework: application of different assumptions regarding the formation of secondary organic aerosol
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 12:18, s. 8499-8527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new organic aerosol module has been implemented into the EMEP chemical transport model. Four different volatility basis set (VBS) schemes have been tested in long-term simulations for Europe, covering the six years 2002-2007. Different assumptions regarding partitioning of primary organic aerosol and aging of primary semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic carbon (S/IVOC) species and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have been explored. Model results are compared to filter measurements, aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) data and source apportionment studies, as well as to other model studies. The present study indicates that many different sources contribute significantly to organic aerosol in Europe. Biogenic and anthropogenic SOA, residential wood combustion and vegetation fire emissions may all contribute more than 10% each over substantial parts of Europe. This study shows smaller contributions from biogenic SOA to organic aerosol in Europe than earlier work, but relatively greater anthropogenic SOA. Simple VBS based organic aerosol models can give reasonably good results for summer conditions but more observational studies are needed to constrain the VBS parameterisations and to help improve emission inventories. The volatility distribution of primary emissions is one important issue for further work. Emissions of volatile organic compounds from biogenic sources are also highly uncertain and need further validation. We can not reproduce winter levels of organic aerosol in Europe, and there are many indications that the present emission inventories substantially underestimate emissions from residential wood combustion in large parts of Europe.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Bergström, Ulf, 1974-
(författare)
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Temporality and the Semantics of the Biblical Hebrew Verbal System
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates the semantic factors behind the temporal meanings of the Biblical Hebrew (BH) verbal forms. Four different forms are studied, viz. qotel, yiqtol-L, qatal, and yiqtol-S. On the basis of comparative and historical linguistic studies, qotel and yiqtol-L are classified as originally progressive forms, whereas qatal and yiqtol-S are classified as originally resultative ones. Since there is a tendency in BH to use the progressive subgroup for future meaning and the resultative subgroup for past meaning, a key to understanding how temporality is expressed in this language is to understand the meaning of the progressive and the resultative verbal types.In critical dialogue with modern typological linguistic research, a unified theory of aspect and tense is developed. The theory defines the meanings of the progressive and resultative verbal types in terms of a distinct kind of aspect, called “stage-based aspect”, and describes how tense meanings arise through reanalysis of these aspectual meanings, a process called temporalization. It is argued that progressive aspect is a basic meaning in qotel and yiqtol-L, and that resultative aspect is basic in qatal and yiqtol-S in its so-called “consecutive” form, wayyiqtol. The study investigates various verbal usages, showing where the stage-aspectual meanings are invariant and where they have been overturned as a consequence of temporalization.Another major question concerns the semantic difference between the forms with shared aspectual meanings. On the basis of the semiotic theories of Bühler and others, it is suggested that yiqtol-L and yiqtol-S (here: yiqtol) are distinguished from qotel and qatal with regard to their appeal function. Full appeal function characterizes utterances that prompt the listener to immediate action. Verbal forms available for this function in BH are qatal and qotel, as well as the imperative. By contrast, the appeal to action in utterances employing yiqtol is invariably non-existent, or mitigated. Hence, reduced appeal function is a semantic feature of yiqtol. This feature may explain why temporalized meanings are especially favoured by yiqtol, since non-present meaning is one among several factors that reduce the appeal function of an utterance.
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| 48. |
- Bergvall, Ulrika A., et al.
(författare)
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Anti-browsing effects of birch bark extract on fallow deer
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Forest Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 132:5-6, s. 717-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major problem within forest industry is unwanted browsing on seedlings from mammalian herbivores. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of birch bark extracts as repellents towards fallow deer. Birch bark was extracted in a conventional way with ethanol as solvent at ambient temperature and with a new method, liquid CO2 extraction. An analysis of the ethanol-extracted birch bark showed that it contained large amounts of terpenoids, of which the most abundant was betulin. In seven different treatment trials, we used 15 individually handled fallow deer. To investigate the binary taste preferences, birch bark extract was added to food and presented in two bowls in typical two-choice tests. We found that the amount of a food type consumed during a trial and the number of shifts between food bowls were dependent on the amount of the birch extract the food contained. Concentrations of above 1 % by dry weight of birch extract acted as a repellent. In addition, such concentrations produced shorter feeding bouts by a greater willingness to change bowls. Therefore, our conclusion is that birch bark extract acts as a repellent towards fallow deer and is therefore likely to act as a repellent against other deer species. In addition, we show that birch bark extract produced by the new and more environmentally sustainable method employing liquid CO2 mixed with ethanol has the same repellent effect as the traditional ethanol extraction.
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| 49. |
- Bernberg, Evelina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Social disruption stress increases IL-6 levels and accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 221:2, s. 359-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that different forms of stress have distinctive effects on atherogenesis in mice. We showed that social stress increase atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice, while more physical forms of stress do not. Here we evaluated the effect of social disruption (SDR) stress on atherogenesis and evaluated cytokine release after SDR-stress and five more physical stressors.
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| 50. |
- Blanchart, P., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism of traditional Bogolan dyeing technique with clay on cotton fabric
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Clay Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-1317 .- 1872-9053. ; 50:4, s. 455-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bogolan is a traditional dyeing technique deeply rooted in Mali It uses local clays from Niger River region and a leave extract from N galama trees (Anogeissus leiocarpa) The clay contains a significant amount of iron (hydr)oxides mainly akaganeite It reacts with N galama coating onto cotton to form black or brown colors UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy indicated very similar behavior of N galama leaves extract and carboxylic aromatic acids mainly ellagic or gallic acids which form dark colored complexes with iron Since iron (hydr) oxides are coated on clay mineral particles they contribute to the fixation of the Clay mineral particles and also cause the dark color X-ray diffraction of oriented tissue and SEM observations confirmed the presence of clay particles attached on the fiber surface.
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