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- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure of Puccinia graminis f.sp. avenae in Sweden
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a serious disease of cereal crops and in the past this pathogen has caused severe epidemics worldwide. Incidence of oat stem rust in Sweden has increased recently. One possible explanation could be an increase in the occurrence of barberry (Berberis spp.), on which P. graminis sexual cycle can be completed, due to the repeal of the barberry eradication law in 1994. The epidemiology of P. graminis is not well known in Sweden. In this project, the population biology and epidemiology of P. graminis f. sp. avenae are investigated. Multiple samples of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were collected from 33 different oat fields during the summer of 2008. Single pustule isolates were obtained from the field collections and increased in a greenhouse. DNA from these isolates was extracted from urediniospores and infected leaf tissue and was used to screen Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers developed for P. graminis f.sp. tritici. Some of the markers successfully produced amplicons indicating that they will be useful for genotyping isolates of P. graminis f. sp. avenae. Allele sizes for P. graminis f. sp. avenae were different than those from a U.S. reference isolate of P. graminis f.sp. tritici. A selected set of North American isolates of P. graminis f.sp. avenae are also included in the study. The results from this study will indicate if the oat stem rust pathogen in Sweden is a sexual population and the role of barberry in the epidemiology of P. graminis f. sp. avenae
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2. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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