| 1. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Using 2D and 3D models as tools during a workplace design process : a question of how and when
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Nordic Ergonomics Society Conference. - Copenhagen, Denmark : Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, DTU. ; , s. 799-804
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The benefits of involving users in a development process are well described. This paper describes a procedure for using 2D and 3D models in a workplace design process, which is based on three rounds of user studies within the maritime domain. The process includes various kinds of models that can be used in order to elicit design feedback in a cost-effective manner. Design teams can greatly benefit from using such mediating objects to draw out the users’ previous experiences. It was found that different model types allow different levels of reflection and questioning of the design from the prospective users.
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| 2. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling end-user participation in ship design
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Nordic Ergonomics Society Conference - Wellbeing and Innovation Through Ergonomics. - 9789514295416 ; , s. 243-248
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The globalized nature of the shipping industry poses challenges to a traditional set-up of a collaborativedesign and development team involving end-users. The present study explores aspects of end-user involvement and three different 3D models’ abilities to act as boundary objects in a ship design process.The preliminary results indicate that the evaluation methods and representations used in the study produced valuable design feedback. With relatively small means, the procedure supports the benefits of employee participation, contributing to a safe and efficient ship design and subsequent operation.
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| 3. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Avenues of entry: how industrial engineers and ergonomists access and influence human factors and ergonomics issues
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Industrial Engineering. - 1751-5254. ; 8:3, s. 325-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares how Canadian industrial engineers (IEs) and ergonomists ‘position themselves’ to influence human factors and ergonomics (HFE) issues. The study examined how these stakeholders perceived their influence on HFE issues, constraints they operated under, and strategies used. The results contribute to an understanding of decisions and processes surrounding HFE practices, showing that organisational entry points and stakeholder expectations on IEs and ergonomists affect their influence on HFE issues. Ergonomists influenced HFE issues by leveraging their knowledge of other stakeholders’ priorities, and were more dependent on accessing the issue via a ‘problem owner’. IEs were often entrusted with greater freedom to act on improvements. Expressing HFE improvements in terms of business benefits was a successful strategy for both. It was found that ergonomists operated as ‘partial solution builders’, trying to influence the HFE issue as an expert, lobbyist or facilitator. Based on the results, an existing framework was modified.
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| 4. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981
(författare)
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Ergonomics Infrastructure - An Organizational Roadmap to Improved Production Ergonomics
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Improving production ergonomics is a pursuit common to many companies in different industrial sectors. At the core is an aspiration to eliminate risks for work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs), but modern views on ergonomics have evolved the discipline from a purely physiological, instrumental concern to an organizational, holistic systems-performance discipline (macroergonomics). This modern perspective implies that it is not enough to consider ergonomics as the domain of only ergonomics specialists; nor is it advisable to try improving it in isolation, without paying attention to the influences of the surrounding stakeholders and context. This thesis proposes that the “ergonomics infrastructure” of an organization is made up of the structural, technical, organizational and stakeholder-relational conditions that enable or hinder improvement of ergonomics. These conditions focus on the positioning of different stakeholders towards ergonomics issues, the relations between stakeholders and strategies they use for persuasion, and the influences that arise from industry-specific culture, attitudes and procedural integration (or exclusion) of ergonomics into engineering processes. This in turn affects an organization’s tendency to handle ergonomics proactively (i.e. at the design stage) or reactively (in response to injury, discomfort and compensation claims). It was found that stakeholder influence and relational interactions are of particular importance to the implementation of ergonomics improvements. Ergonomics practitioners who are politically aware and are able to link ergonomics improvements to business and production benefits are best poised to advance an ergonomics agenda. The knowledge gleaned from the work in this thesis has been synthesized, together with relevant theoretical concepts found in the literature, into a “Tentative Framework” which guides empirical data collection aimed at mapping the “ergonomics infrastructure” in an organization. Its step-by-step systematic review of conditions at different hierarchical levels in the organization should serve ergonomics practitioners and managers alike in identifying pathways and roadblocks to improving production ergonomics. This contributes to the branch of macroergonomics literature, which to date has placed little focus on day-to-day ergonomics practice and organizational-relational influences on ergonomics work.
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| 5. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981
(författare)
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Human Factors Experiences in Context - Comparing Four Industrial Cases Using a Soft Systems Framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Ergonomics Open Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1875-9343. ; 4, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: In industrial production companies, the practice of assigning responsibility for human factors and ergonomics(HFE) to specific professionals (referred to as HF agents in this paper) may take on various organizational forms. This interview study examines the extent to which HF agents are able to give input towards the design of new productionsystems in different industrial sectors. The present paper reports on how HF agents work in four Canadian case companies from the Automotive, Nuclear Power, Poultry and Auto parts sectors. A stratified soft-systems framework was used to guide the comparison of the four case companies regarding the HF agents’ positioning in their companies and how this influences their work practices. HF agents and a cluster of 2 -3 surrounding colleagues with adjacent responsibilities were interviewed.Results showed that company context-specific factors such as procedures, collegial relations, processes and culture all heavily influence the “infrastructure” the HF agents can make use of to advance and sustain a human factors/ergonomics agenda. This includes vertical support in the company hierarchy (management support from top-down, employee acceptance from bottom-up), available tools and methods for demonstrating HFE benefits, and proceduralized accountability for HFE in projects. The companies that report positively on being able to address HFE issues proactively have HFE input integrated procedurally into new project start-ups, and the HF agent has a sign-off role. These companies have also, on a high organizational level, established linkage between HFE improvements and business objectives.
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| 6. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Keyword mingling workshop : a method for identifying and consolidating industrially perceived needs and requirements of future operators
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, SPS12. - 9789175197524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investments into the technology of the future require a firm basis in the needs of production industry. However, gathering, sorting and ranking cross-industrial future needs remains a steep challenge to technology developers. Gathering feedback from just one or a few case companies can result in a biased set of priorities, since feedback from specific industrial sectors may often be highly influenced by their industry- and product-specific challenges. The workshop method presented in this paper resolves this by using a highly interactive "mingling" technique to get participants in a large group workshop (between 15 - 20 people) to answer a specific question. The participants discuss ideas in smaller groups, share their findings to the group at large, co-operatively organize the input from all participants into functional categories, and finally perform a 'ranking' of the results. The outcome is a prioritized list of concerns to focus research efforts on, providing workshop analysts with a finished structure for reporting the results. The method was tested in two workshops within the project "The Operator of the Future" and resulted in plenty of positive feedback from participants, who felt that the input was relevant, well-structured, and easy to agree with due to the consensus categorizing.
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| 7. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Keyword Mingling workshop - a method for identifying and consolidating industrially perceived needs and requirements of future operators
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, SPS12. - 9789175197524
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investments into the production technology of the future require a firm basis in the needsof production industry. However, gathering, sorting and ranking cross-industrial futureneeds remains a steep challenge to technology developers. Gathering feedback from justone or a few case companies can result in a biased set of priorities, since feedback fromspecific industrial sectors may often be highly influenced by their industry- and productspecificchallenges. This paper describes a structured method called “Keyword Mingling”that addresses the collection of such feedback in a multi-partner workshop format.The workshop method presented in this paper resolves this by using a highly interactive"mingling" technique to get participants in a large group workshop (between 15 - 20people) to answer a specific question. The participants discuss ideas in smaller groups,share their findings to the group at large, co-operatively organize the input from allparticipants into functional categories, and finally perform a 'ranking' of the results. Theoutcome is a prioritized list of concerns to focus research efforts on, providing workshopanalysts with a finished structure for reporting the results. The method was tested in twoworkshops within the project "The Operator of the Future" and resulted in plenty ofpositive feedback from participants, who felt that the input was relevant, well-structured,and easy to agree with due to the consensus categorizing.
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| 8. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Social Sustainability Challenges for European Manufacturing Industry: Attract, Recruit and Sustain
- 2013
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Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783642412660 ; 414, s. 78-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to link social sustainability challenges to manufacturing companies, focusing on the upcoming recruitment crisis caused by demographic changes in Europe. The findings are based on literature studies that were validated and reflected upon as the study progressed. The conclusion is that diversity within the manufacturing industry has to be increased in order to expand the pool of possible employees by focusing on three main improvements: providing interesting jobs, work flexibility and an improved image of the industry.
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| 9. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Time-related ergonomics evaluation for DHMs: a literature review
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - 1742-5549. ; 1:4, s. 356-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ergonomics problems in production systems are of a multi-causal nature. It has been established in ergonomics literature that time-related factors, including activity duration, repetitiveness, work-rest distribution and musclereactions to dynamic loads, can influence the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In recent years, ergonomic practices have evolved to include the use of digital human models (DHMs) in virtual workstations, resulting in more cost-efficient and proactive evaluations.However, the ergonomic tools provided in DHMs often fail to consider time-related ergonomic factors. This literature review compiles and examines time-related ergonomics terms for the benefit of introducing such concepts intoDHMs. The influence of time-scale perspectives and ambiguities regarding how terms have been used are also discussed. Developers of DHMs can benefit immensely from a literary overview of how to consider time-related factors ofphysical workload. Likewise, the scientific community can benefit from the identification of ambiguities and gaps in ergonomics research.
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| 10. |
- Fantini, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the Current Social Sustainability Practices of the European Manufacturing Industry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium 2014, SPS14. - 9789198097412
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey among European production companies was carriedout to map the level of understanding and action regarding social sustainability practices. In order to determine whether sufficient measures are in place to tackle upcoming demographic challenges. The study explored topics of labour practices, human capital development, job design, work-lifebalance, talent management, employee turnover & satisfaction management and stakeholder and community practices. The results indicate that although many companies report having a strategy in place for social sustainability, practices in place appear to only address the fundamental hygiene factors of the workplace, rather than focusing strategically on combating demographicschallenges.
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| 11. |
- Fantini, P., et al.
(författare)
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Socially Sustainable Manufacturing: Exploring the European Landscape
- 2014
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Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783662447352 ; 439:2, s. 474-481
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable manufacturing has been extensively researched in the last decades, however there is a lack of coherence in literature specifically addressing its social dimension. Within the framework of the Social Sustainability-themed project SO SMART (Socially Sustainable Manufacturing for the Factories of the Future), a preliminary explorative survey and interview study were deployed among manufacturing companies and their stakeholders in Europe to investigate the extent to which they understand and practice social sustainability in relation to their business activities and context. Using an inquiry approach based on the main concepts related to social sustainability found in literature, this paper reports findings on preliminary exploration of the European landscape of social sustainability-related practices from a corporate and societal perspective. Findings contribute to the creation of a basis of shared knowledge as a prerequisite for extending and further developing concepts and models for socially sustainable manufacturing ecosystems.
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| 12. |
- Grane, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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The operator of the future – a key to competitive industry in a future information society
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, SPS12. - 9789175197524
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased global competition and forthcoming demographic changes is expected for the Swedish industry. The process and manufacturing industry needs to develop solutions that can provide increased flexibility and production efficiency. A key for the future competitiveness is the operator of the future who works closest to the value adding processes. In the project “The operator of the future”, “Framtidsoperatören” in Swedish, the overall aim is to increase the competiveness of Swedish industry by developing an advanced toolbox that meets future needs. In a pre-study, the tasks and needs of the operator of the future were investigated through workshops with 25 representatives from 15 Swedish process and manufacturing industries and system developers. The results had similarities across industries and suggest solutions that support communication, control and constant learning. The tools should be intuitive and situation adapted with use of strengthened senses. These results give the direction for a continued development of a future toolbox. Through a combination of new supporting technologies and new ways of collaboration the operators of the future might find their work more interesting, stimulating, and developing, leading to enhanced competiveness of Swedish industry.
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| 13. |
- Mattsson, Sandra, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Describing Human-Automation Interaction in production
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, SPS12. - 9789175197524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need to further develop measureable methods and models in the ‘Human-Automation Interaction’ area. In order to describe HAI in production three sub-categorieswere found using Grounded Theory: Levels of Automation (LoA), Trust/Reliability andAutomation use. It was suggested that LoA could be used to divide interaction into smallerparts and that Trust and reliability and Automation use should incorporate the individualand experienced perspective. The concepts can be used to describe HAI in a moredetailed way in order to understand why problems in interaction occur.
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| 14. |
- Taghavi Nejad Deilami, Naghmeh, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Social Sustainability KPIs in Operations Management: A Gap between the Reactive and the Proactive Stance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium 2014, SPS14.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing companies increasingly evaluate sustainabilityoutcomes using key performance indicators (KPIs). But when it comes to social sustainability, currently established KPIs do not give appropriate decision support to address future challenges proactively. Upcoming demographictrends point to the challenge of a shortage of qualified labour in the manufacturing industry. To counteract this risk, manufacturing companies must set visions to become attractive and socially sustainable workplaces. This paper identifies a set of characteristics for a socially sustainable and attractive workplace based on previous literature, and proposes that a gap must be bridged between the KPI-oriented approach and creating socially sustainable workplaces.
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| 15. |
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