| 1. |
- Redondo, Miguel Angel, et al.
(författare)
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Host genotype interacts with aerial spore communities and influences the needle mycobiome of Norway spruce
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 24, s. 3640-3654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The factors shaping the composition of the tree mycobiome are still under investigation. We tested the effects of host genotype, site, host phenotypic traits, and air fungal spore communities on the assembly of the fungi inhabiting Norway spruce needles. We used Norway spruce clones and spore traps within the collection sites and characterized both needle and air mycobiome communities by high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 region. The composition of the needle mycobiome differed between Norway spruce clones, and clones with high genetic similarity had a more similar mycobiome. The needle mycobiome also varied across sites and was associated with the composition of the local air mycobiome and climate. Phenotypic traits such as diameter at breast height or crown health influenced the needle mycobiome to a lesser extent than host genotype and air mycobiome. Altogether, our results suggest that the needle mycobiome is mainly driven by the host genotype in combination with the composition of the local air spore communities. Our work highlights the role of host intraspecific variation in shaping the mycobiome of trees and provides new insights on the ecological processes structuring fungal communities inhabiting woody plants.
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| 2. |
- Redondo, Miguel Angel, et al.
(författare)
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Vegetation type determines spore deposition within a forest–agricultural mosaic landscape
- 2020
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicting fungal community assembly is partly limited by our understanding of the factors driving the composition of deposited spores. We studied the relative contribution of vegetation, geographical distance, seasonality and weather to fungal spore deposition across three vegetation types. Active and passive spore traps were established in agricultural fields, deciduous forests and coniferous forests across a geographic gradient of similar to 600 km. Active traps captured the spore community suspended in air, reflecting the potential deposition, whereas passive traps reflected realized deposition. Fungal species were identified by metabarcoding of the ITS2 region. The composition of spore communities captured by passive traps differed more between vegetation types than across regions separated by >100 km, indicating that vegetation type was the strongest driver of composition of deposited spores. By contrast, vegetation contributed less to potential deposition, which followed a seasonal pattern. Within the same site, the spore communities captured by active traps differed from those captured by passive traps. Realized deposition tended to be dominated by spores of species related to vegetation. Temperature was negatively correlated with the fungal species richness of both potential and realized deposition. Our results indicate that vegetation may be able to maintain similar fungal communities across distances, and likely be the driving factor of fungal spore deposition at landscape level.
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| 3. |
- Ylmen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Approach to manage parameter and choice uncertainty in life cycle optimisation of building design : Case study of optimal insulation thickness
- 2021
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to mitigate global warming, it is important to decrease the climate impact from the building stock, which accounts for 39% of the GHG emissions in Europe. An extensive portion of these emissions are generated from the heating of buildings, but emissions also occur from the production of building materials. It is therefore important to find building design solutions that consider both production and operation and maintenance in order to minimise the climate impact of a building during its entire lifetime. At the same time, the production of buildings has to be cost-efficient. In the design of buildings, both climate impact and cost must be evaluated in order to make well-supported decisions. The overall aim of this study was to develop a procedure to facilitate using life cycle studies as decision support for building design. The presented approach will provide a structured means to manage choice and parameter uncertainty when life cycle studies are used as decision support in order to optimise building design. There are many uncertainties in the design phase of buildings, and the approach is demonstrated here in a case study of insulation thickness in the building envelope. The results can be used to support decisions on where to effectively make improvements when subjective choices and parameter uncertainties are considered in the study. The suggested approach will lessen the problem of false certainty in the conclusions drawn, and at the same time provide strong decision support.
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| 4. |
- Ylmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Managing choice uncertainties in life-cycle assessment as a decision-support tool for building design : A case study on building framework
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050 .- 1548-7733. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To establish a circular economy in society, it is crucial to incorporate life-cycle studies, such as life-cycle assessment (LCA), in the design process of products in order to mitigate the well-recognized problem of the design paradox. The aim of the study was to provide means in a structured way to highlight choice uncertainty present in LCA when used as decision support, as well as to mitigate subjective interpretations of the numerical results leading to arbitrary decisions. The study focused on choices available when defining the goal and scope of a life-cycle assessment. The suggested approach is intended to be used in the early design phases of complex products with high levels of uncertainty in the product life-cycle. To demonstrate and evaluate the approach, a life-cycle assessment was conducted of two design options for a specific building. In the case study two types of building frameworks were compared from an environmental perspective by calculating the global warming potential, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, stratospheric ozone depletion potential and photochemical oxidants creation potential. In the study, a procedure named the Decision Choices Procedure (DCP) was developed to improve LCA as an effective tool for decision support concerning design alternatives when less information is available. The advantages and drawbacks of the proposed approach are discussed to spur further improvements in the use of LCA as a decision-support tool.
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| 5. |
- Ylmen, Peter
(författare)
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Managing Uncertainty in Environmental and Cost Life Cycle Studies of Building Design
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to mitigate global warming and address other pertinent environmental issues, it is important to reduce the environmental impact from the building stock. Emissions can be large for both operational energy consumption and production of materials. It is therefore important to find building design solutions that consider production, operation and maintenance in order to minimise the climate impact of a building during its entire lifetime. At the same time, the production of buildings has to be cost-efficient. In the design of buildings, both environmental impact and cost must be evaluated in order to make well-supported decisions. There are many uncertainties in the design phase of buildings. This study explored the uncertainties that occur when a life cycle perspective is adopted in building design decisions and developed an approach to manage them. Addressed issues were secondary effects of design changes, material data gaps and how subjective choices and parameter uncertainties can be managed in conjunction. This was done by developing the Effect and Consequences Evaluation (ECE) method and the Decision Choices Procedure (DCP), which were combined into a general approach. The presented approach will provide a structured means to set up system boundaries and manage uncertainties when life cycle studies are used as decision support for optimising building design. Several case studies were carried out to penetrate specific issues, and the final approach was demonstrated with a case study of selecting optimal insulation thickness when designing the building envelope. The results can be used to support decisions on where and how to effectively make improvements when subjective choices and parameter uncertainties are considered in the study. This will facilitate decisions on different building design solutions so that the option with the lowest total environmental impact and a reasonable cost can be chosen.
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