| 1. |
- Eriksson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between computer-based design analysis activities and the engineering design process - An industrial survey
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Design Conference - DESIGN'14. - Zagreb : University of Zagreb. - 1847-9073. ; DS 77:2, s. 1283-1296, s. 1283-1296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the large majority of product development projects, computer-based design analyses are performed to assess the feasibility of potential technical solutions. As a first step to bring about a deeper understanding of the interactions between the engineering design and the design analysis activities, a survey has been performed in industry. The results of the survey cover: the use of design analysis within product development, the interactions of engineering design along the design analysis process, and the treatment of uncertainties and errors connected to the design analysis activities.
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| 2. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
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A note on the debate on scientific process vs. design process
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - ICED'11. - 2223-7941 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670322 ; DS 68:2, s. 356-365
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been often claimed that the scientific process is quite opposite to the design process, mainly based on the former’s analysis of existing phenomena in order to develop a theory, while the design process is an act of synthesis that creates something new in the world. In the light of the developments that led to this conception, and with reference to the current views of the scientific process, we maintain that the scientific process has more similarities with the design process than differences from it. As parallels can be drawn between the two processes, some implications for further research into the fundamentals of the design activity are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
-
Dealing with the combinatorial explosion of the morphological matrix in a "manual engineering design" context
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology - DETC/DTM'13. - 9780791855928 ; 5, s. 005-014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphological matrix is an important element of the engineering design methodology and is present in many textbooks. This method originally aimed at generating an exhaustive set of solutions for a given problem, by decomposing it into subproblems, finding solutions to each subproblem, and combining them. One issue associated with the morphological matrix has been the necessity to deal with the combinatorial explosions of solutions, especially at the conceptual design phase, when the still fuzzy nature of the design problem precludes the use of automated search for an optimal solution by means of specific algorithms (the "manual engineering design" context), apart from a few exceptions. Several heuristics based on the reduction of the number of combinations are investigated, and their efficiency is assessed. It is showed that the often-recommended compatibility matrix heuristic is the least efficient and can result in overlooking potentially interesting combinations. In fact all heuristics, even combined, generally fail to decrease the number of combinations to a level that can be handled by the designers, unless the original number of combinations is low. However, if one abandons the principle of an exhaustive investigation of the combinations in order to find the "best" solution, it can be showed statistically that the probability of ending up with a "good" concept among a very large number of combinations can be attained. Moreover, it is showed that the number of combinations one is willing to investigate also can contribute to increase this probability. Moreover the experience gained from the first round of investigation can serve as a guide to choose and assess other combinations. Based on those results, some recommendations for using the morphological matrix with all the different heuristics are given. Moreover, this paper discusses and relativizes the importance of the combinatorial explosion issue of morphological matrix compared with some other advantages and shortcomings of the method.
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| 4. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration of the computer-based design analysis activity in the engineering design process - A literature survey
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering - TMCE'14. - Delft : Delft University of Technology. - 9789461861771 - 9461861761 - 9789461861764 ; 2, s. 1181-1194
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer-based design analysis is nowadays a common activity in most development projects. Used for design evaluation, verification, validation, or as a support for design exploration, it fulfils an important support function for the engineering designer, thus making it essential to have an operationally efficient and effective integration between both the engineering design and design analysis activities in the overall development project. In this area, most works are focusing on software (mainly CAD/CAE) integra-tion, but not on the integration between computer-based design analysis and engineering design at the process level or on the collaboration between the engineering designer and the design analyst. This paper presents a review of the literature on that specific topic, namely the integration of the computer-based design analysis activity in the engineering design process. Different research topics are identified and elaborated upon: integration in general process models; rec-ommendations for the different analysis steps; analysis early in the engineering design process; integration of design analysis in the engineering designer's work; alternative usages of design analysis in the engineering design process; and others, such as recommending guidelines instead of process models, quality assurance aspects, education, and implementation issues. Some neglected aspects were also identified. Among others, there is a lack of research into the so-called technology development (development of design analysis procedures and guidelines), and a need for emphasis on uncertainties, both coupled with the design analysis activity.
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| 5. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
-
On the interaction between the engineering design and the development process models - Part I: Elaborations on the generally accepted process models
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research into Design - ICoRD'11. - 9789810877217 ; , s. 87-95
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models of the engineering design process and of the development process nowadays present similar forms in the engineering design literature and interact in a similar way. These models are often presented as generic, in order to be used in a wide area of applications. This interaction is, however, not unproblematic, and in this publication we present some important issues and challenge the generic aspect of these models. In order to increase clarity we have divided the publication into two parts. In Part I, the generally accepted engineering design and development process models are presented. The fundaments of the development model and the motivations behind its current form are highlighted. In Part II, the consequences in the form of severe shortcomings resulting from the interaction of the engineering design and development process models are highlighted. These shortcomings do not disappear when the systematic design process model is applied with alternative development process models. The implications for the further development of methodologies supporting the design and development models are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
-
On the interaction between the engineering design and the development process models - Part II: Shortcomings and limitations
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research into Design - ICoRD'11. - 9789810877217 ; , s. 96-103
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models of the engineering design process and of the development process nowadays present similar forms in the engineering design literature and interact in a similar way. These models are often presented as generic, in order to be used in a wide area of applications. This interaction is however not unproblematic, and in this publication we present some important issues and challenge the generic aspect of these models. In order to increase clarity, we have divided the publication into two parts. In Part I, the generally accepted engineering design and development process models are presented. The fundaments of the development model and the motivations behind its current form are highlighted. In Part II, the consequences in the form of severe shortcomings resulting from the interaction of the engineering design and development process models are highlighted. These shortcomings do not disappear when the systematic design process model is applied with alternative development process models. The implications for the further development of methodologies supporting design and development models are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
-
Study of the sequential constraint-handling technique for evolutionary optimization with application to structural problems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th Design Automation Conference - DETC/DAC'11. - 9780791854822 ; 5, s. 521-531
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering design problems are most frequently charac-terized by constraints that make them hard to solve and time-consuming. When evolutionary algorithms are used to solve these problems, constraints are often handled with the generic weighted sum method or with techniques specific to the prob-lem at hand. Most commonly, all constraints are evaluated at each generation, and it is also necessary to fine-tune different parameters in order to receive good results, which requires in-depth knowledge of the algorithm. The sequential constraint-handling techniques seem to be a promising alternative, be-cause they do not require all constraints to be evaluated at each iteration and they are easy to implement. They neverthe-less require the user to determine the ordering in which those constraints shall be evaluated. Therefore two heuristics that allow finding a satisfying constraint sequence have been developed. Two sequential constraint-handling techniques using the heuristics have been tested against the weighted sum technique with the ten-bar structure benchmark. They both performed better than the weighted sum technique and can therefore be easy to implement, and powerful alternatives for solving engineering design problems.
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| 8. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
-
The specificities of radical innovation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research into Design - ICoRD'11. - 9789810877217 ; , s. 79-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate a special case of new product development (NDP), that of radical innovation. When a company desires to go outside a current saturated market, it is necessary to offer a new product which is radically different from the competition. If successful, the offering will create a new market that the company can expect to dominate a least for a while until the competition strikes back. A radical NPD has several characteristics that are quite unique and distinct from other types of NPD. This paper aims at making a synthesis of these specificities. From this set of specificities, the ability of the current methodologies to deal with radical innovation is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Nordin, Axel, et al.
(författare)
-
An approach to constraint-based and mass-customizable product design
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In traditional product development, several iterations are usually necessary to obtain a successful compromise between constraints emanating from engineering, manufacturing, and aesthetics. Moreover, this approach to product development is not well suited for true mass-customization, as the manufacturing company remains in control of all aspects of the shape of the product-to-be. In this article, we propose an alternative approach that would (1) allow for an improved integration of industrial design into the product development process and (2) enhance the creative repertoire of industrial designers, which (3) would result in significantly improved prospects for mass-customization. The industrial design process may benefit from using advanced and aesthetically interesting morphologies emanating from the areas of mathematics and nature. Such complex morphologies can only be manipulated (analyzed and represented) by means of specific algorithms. On one hand, this requires a shift from established industrial design practice, where the industrial designer is in total control of the product form; on the other hand, it makes it fully possible to compute form so that it complies with engineering and manufacturing constraints. In this setup, the industrial designer still has control of the final result, in that she or he can choose from a set of valid forms. This approach would greatly reduce the number of iterations in the product development process between industrial design, engineering, and production. Naturally, such an approach also allows for advanced masscustomization by allowing consumers to use these tools. Within this approach, a table generation system has been developed: A system that generates tables whose support structure is based on a Voronoi diagram that fulfills structural and manufacturing constraints while being aesthetically appealing.
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| 10. |
- Nordin, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Complex product form generation in industrial design: A bookshelf based on Voronoi diagrams
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th Design Computing and Cognition Conference - DCC'10. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400705104 - 9789400705098 ; , s. 701-720
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex product form generation methods have rarely been used within the field of industrial design. The difficulty in their use is mainly linked to constraints – such as functionality, production and cost – that apply to most products. By cou-pling a mathematically described morphology to an optimisation system, it may be possible to generate a complex product form, compliant with engineering and pro-duction constraints. In this paper we apply this general approach to the designing of a bookshelf whose structure is based on Voronoi diagrams. The algorithm be-hind the developed application used here is based on a prior work submitted else-where [1], adapted to the bookshelf problem. This second example of product form generation, which includes specific constraints, confirms the relevance of the general approach. The handling of complex morphologies is not straightforward. Consequently, an explorative study on that theme has been performed. A user interface has been de-veloped that allows for designing a bookshelf based on Voronoi diagrams. The user interface was subsequently tested by peer designers. The results suggest that user attitudes diverge: one faction preferred maximum freedom of creation, that is, maximum control of the form creation process; the other faction wanted the appli-cation to generate a bookshelf based on their functional needs (e.g. adapt to the number and types of objects to be stored) and would ask for a “surprise me” effect for the final solution. [1] Nordin A, Hopf A, Motte D, Bjärnemo R, Eckhardt C-C (2009) Using genetic algorithms and Voronoi diagrams in product design. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering - JCISE, submitted.
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| 11. |
- Nordin, Axel, et al.
(författare)
-
Constraint-handling techniques for generative product design systems in the mass customization context
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing. - 1469-1760. ; 27:4, s. 387-399
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generative product design systems used in the context of mass customization are required to generate diverse solutions quickly and reliably without necessitating modification or tuning during use. When such systems are employed to allow for the mass customization of product form, they must be able to handle mass production and engineering constraints that can be time-consuming to evaluate and difficult to fulfill. These issues are related to how the constraints are handled in the generative design system. This article evaluates two promising sequential constraint-handling techniques and the often used weighted sum technique with regard to convergence time, convergence rate, and diversity of the design solutions. The application used for this purpose was a design system aimed at generating a table with an advanced form: a Voronoi diagram based structure. The design problem was constrained in terms of production as well as stability, requiring a timeconsuming finite element evaluation. Regarding convergence time and rate, one of the sequential constraint-handling techniques performed significantly better than the weighted sum technique. Nevertheless, the weighted sum technique presented respectable results and therefore remains a relevant technique. Regarding diversity, none of the techniques could generate diverse solutions in a single search run. In contrast, the solutions from different searches were always diverse. Solution diversity is thus gained at the cost of more runs, but no evaluation of the diversity of the solutions is needed. This result is important, because a diversity evaluation function would otherwise have to be developed for every new type of design. Efficient handling of complex constraints is an important step toward mass customization of nontrivial product forms.
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| 12. |
- Nordin, Axel, et al.
(författare)
-
Strategies for consumer control of complex product forms in generative design systems
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 39th Design Automation Conference - DETC/DAC'13. - 9780791855881 ; 3A, s. 03-029
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the number of products that can be tailored to consumers' needs and desires has increased dramatically; there are many opportunities to individualize the colors, materials or options of products. However, current trends indicate that the future consumer will not be satisfied with mere material and color choices, but will desire control over form as well. While it is technically feasible to allow consumers to partially mass-customize the form of products subject to functional and production constraints through the use of a generative design system, the question of how the control of form should be presented to the user arises. The issue becomes especially important when the product form is based on complex morphologies, which require in-depth knowledge of their parameters to be able to control them fully. In this paper, we discuss this issue and present and test two strategies for controlling complex forms in consumer-oriented generative design systems, one offering the user full control over the design ("total control" strategy), while the other automatically generates designs for the user ("no control" strategy). The implementation of those two control strategies in a generative design system for two categories of products (bookshelf and table) and five types of morphologies are described and tested with a number of design interested participants to estimate their level of satisfaction with the two control strategies. The empirical study shows that the participants enjoyed both the total control and no control strategies. The development of the full control modes for the five morphologies was on the other hand not straightforward, and in general, making the controls meaningful to the consumer can be difficult with complex morphologies. It seems that a consumer-oriented generative design system with two different control strategies, as the ones presented in this article, would offer the most satisfaction.
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| 13. |
- Petersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
A computer-based design system for lightweight grippers in the automotive industry
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition - IMECE'12. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791845196 ; 3 - Part A, s. 169-179
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development as well as the architecture of a computer-aided dedicated fixture design system intended to support the design of lightweight (carbon fiber composite) grippers for a major truck company. Lightweight grippers were required due to the increasing production rates in the automotive industry. The current robotic equipment was facing diverse problems during transportation and aligning of the parts, problems related to mass inertia, accuracy and stability. Moreover, the increased demands for truck customization and fast release of new product versions required a computer-based support for the design of the appropriate fixtures. This application is believed to be of interest for fixture research because the design of such complex fixtures is likely to appear more and more often. Specifically, such fixtures are subject to specific requirements that necessitate a systematic requirement elicitation method; they also require extensive conceptual design work as well as careful analysis activity planning. The main steps requisite for the development of the design system are reported: setup planning, fixture planning, conceptual design of the gripper. The architecture, the process and the constituent elements of the design system are also described and illustrated.
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| 14. |
- Petersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
A process model for the design analysis clarification task
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International NordDesign Conference - NordDesign'12. - Aalborg & Glasgow : Aalborg University & University of Strathclyde. - 9788791831515 ; DS 71, s. 494-501
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many product development projects nowadays use computer-aided engineering systems in the analysis of product proposals. It is therefore important to appropriately integrate the analyses activities in the product development process. One important aspect of this integration is how to handle the initiation of the task: identifying the need, planning the task and its monitoring, and communicating it to the analyst. To that end, this paper proposes and illustrates a product development process model that aims to efficiently and effectively prepare a design analysis task.
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| 15. |
- Petersson, Håkan, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Modern Day Automotive Production Lines – A Case Study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791856185
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New and innovative production equipment can be developed by introducing lightweight materials in modern day automotive industry production lines. The properties of these new materials are expected to result in improved ergonomics, energy savings, increased flexibility and more robust equipment, which in the end will result in enhanced productivity. Carbon composite materials are one such alternative that has excellent material properties. These properties are well documented, and the market for carbon composite materials is growing in many areas such as commercial aircrafts, sporting goods and wind turbines. However, when studying the use of carbon composite materials for production equipment in the automotive industry, it was found that there were few, if any, such examples.This paper focuses on innovative ways of making carbon composite materials available for designing automotive industry production equipment by introducing a design and material concept that combines flexibility, relatively low costs and high functionality. By reducing the weight by 60%, it was obvious that the operators were very positive to the new design. But just as important as the improvement of the ergonomic feature, the combination of low weight and material properties resulted in a more robust design and a more stable process of operation. The two main designs (two versions of the steel-based design were constructed) were developed sequentially, making it difficult to compare development costs since knowledge migrated from one project to the next. In this study, the gripper was manufactured in both carbon composite material and steel. The different designs were compared with reference to design costs, functionality, robustness, product costs and ergonomics. The study clearly shows that the composite material represents a favorable alternative to conventional materials, as the system combines superior properties without significantly increasing the cost of the equipment. This paper describes the approach in detail. Copyright © 2013 by ASME
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| 16. |
- Petersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration of computer aided design analysis into the engineering design process for use by engineering designers
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition - IMECE'13. - New York : ASME Press. - 9780791856413 ; 12, s. 002-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When developing products, engineering designers often face the problem that their candidate for a technical solution, ranging from a concept to a detailed design, needs to be analyzed by a design analyst before it is approved or rejected and the engineering designer can continue his/her activities within the product development process. If engineering designers have to send every solution candidate to a design analyst, a lot of time and money is lost. To avoid this, some Swedish companies have started to allow their engineering designers to use the analysis capabilities imbedded in modern CAD/CAE software. In the literature on product development and on computer based design analysis (CBDA) both processes are fairly well described. However, this cannot be said about the interaction between the two processes. This is a growing issue as it represents core knowledge for developing efficient and effective integration concepts, which in turn can be developed into likewise efficient and effective approaches on how to assist the engineering designer to perform parts of the CBDA process on his/her own. Note that when we refer to CBDA here, this is confined to the use of FEM in the development of products, primarily based on working principles originating from the area of Mechanical Engineering. Since we have been working on a process model for the integration between engineering design and design analysis, this has inspired us to utilize findings from these efforts to propose a conceptual model for a design analysis process driven by the engineering designer to be integrated into the product development process. The proposed design analysis process model is based on the use of predefined analysis methods or templates. Templates are also utilized for QA (Quality Assurance) and monitoring of the analysis activities. Responsible for the development of the analysis methods and the templates are expert design analysts, who develop these tools within a technology development process. Before allowing the engineering designers access to them, these tools need to be approved by relevant bodies within the industrial enterprise and/or by external sources such as those responsible for certification and risk management. In this paper we present the development of the proposed integrated design analysis process model and an industrial case study, which incorporates a non-linear design analysis activity, utilizing the FEM-program Abaqus within the CAD-software Catia V5 and its imbedded optimization module.
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