| 1. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Grön översiktsplanering i fjäll- och fjällnära landskap : Deltagande planering för en innovativ och hållbar översiktsplan för Vilhelmina kommun
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Översiktsplaneringen i fjällkommunerna skulle kunna vara det självklara verktyget i arbetet med att uppnå miljökvalitetsmålet "Storslagen fjällmiljö". Kommunen har som lokal myndighet en central roll i hållbar utveckling och översiktsplaneringen ska, per definition, hantera markanvändningsfrågor i ett landskapsperspektiv. Detta sker dock inte i någon större utsträckning idag och därför finns ett stort behov av att utveckla bättre metoder och processer för att göra det kommunala planeringsverktyget mer nytänkande, kunskapsbaserat och förutseende.I Vilhelmina kommun har forskarna tillsammans med myndigheter, lokala aktörer och kommunmedborgare utvecklat metoder för att ta fram en grön översiktsplan. Översiktsplanen baseras på uthållig markanvändning och omfattar faktiska natur- och kulturvärden, såväl som nuvarande och framtida förutsättningar för strategisk planering för hur olika intressen kan samsas i fjällandskapet. I projektet analyseras möjligheter och hinder en process av detta slag möter, metoder för att uppnå ett ökat engagemang och en större lokal medverkan i planprocessen.Arbetet med den gröna översiktsplanen har resulterat i ett samrådsdokument som antagits av politikerna i Vilhelmina kommun. Rapporten redovisar en stegvis modell av planeringsprocessen som ska kunna ligga till grund för liknande processer även i andra fjällkommuner och/eller landsbygdskommuner med stora landskaps- och naturtillgångar. Exempel på lärdomar är att tidigt och kontinuerligt förankra det deltagande planeringsarbetet gentemot den lokala politiken och att deltagandeprocesser måste få ta tid.
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| 2. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing collaborative planning in the swedish mountains : The case of Vilhelmina
- 2018
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Ingår i: WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. - Southampto : WIT Press. - 9781784662912 ; , s. 781-796, s. 781-795
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical appraisals have stressed the need for participation and social learning in spatial planning, and planning is now seen as a process of innovative collaboration by multiple actors. During such ‘collaborative planning’, various parties try to develop new inclusive strategies through dialog. Collaborative planning is a major strand of current planning theory and highlights the need for new methods that involve citizen participation. In Sweden, the realization of collaborative planning in practice remains elusive, and research on the subject is limited, so further studies are needed. Thus, in the project “Green planning: Vilhelmina as a testbed for innovative land use planning in the mountain region”, we tested and implemented methods for involving citizens and other land-use stakeholders in the process of developing Vilhelmina municipality’s comprehensive plan (MCP). This paper presents lessons learned from that process and data obtained from a set of focus groups, a workshop, surveys, and personal communication. From these activities in the Swedish mountain region, we learned that collaborative practices have both pros and cons that must be addressed for practical realization of the widely embraced ideal of collaborative planning.
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| 3. |
- Eckerberg, Katarina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Incentives for collaborative governance : top-down and bottom-up initiatives in the Swedish mountain region
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development Journal. - 0276-4741 .- 1994-7151. ; 35:3, s. 289-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governance collaborations between public and private partners are increasingly used to promote sustainable mountain development, yet information is limited on their nature and precise extent. This article analyzes collaboration on environment and natural resource management in Swedish mountain communities to critically assess the kinds of issues these efforts address, how they evolve, who leads them, and what functional patterns they exhibit based on Margerum's (2008) typology of action, organizational, and policy collaboration. Based on official documents, interviews, and the records of 245 collaborative projects, we explore the role of the state, how perceptions of policy failure may inspire collaboration, and the opportunities that European Union funds have created. Bottom-up collaborations, most of which are relatively recent, usually have an action and sometimes an organizational function. Top-down collaborations, however, are usually organizational or policy oriented. Our findings suggest that top-down and bottom-up collaborations are complementary in situations with considerable conflict over time and where public policies have partly failed, such as for nature protection and reindeer grazing. In less contested areas, such as rural development, improving tracks and access, recreation, and fishing, there is more bottom-up, action-oriented collaboration. State support, especially in the form of funding, is central to explaining the emergence of bottom-up action collaboration. Our findings show that the state both initiates and coordinates policy networks and retains a great deal of power over the nature and functioning of collaborative governance. A practical consequence is that there is great overlap—aggravated by sectorized approaches—that creates a heavy workload for some regional partners.
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| 4. |
- Zachrisson, Anna, Docent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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EIP-Agri – lärdomar från första åren : Halvtidsrapport från den löpande lärande utvärderingen av EIP-Agri med fokus på dess införande och uppstart
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EIP-Agri är ett nytt innovationsstöd inom landsbygdsprogrammet med fokus på jordbruk, trädgårds- och rennäring. Två typer av stöd kan beviljas: stöd för att bilda en innovationsgrupp samt stöd till att genomföra ett innovationsprojekt (med full finansiering). Inom ramen för utvärderingen har främst rutiner, regler, roller med mera vid införandet av detta nya stöd undersökts, och olika typer av genomförandeproblem, samt hur de förebyggs och/eller undviks, analyserats.Gruppbildnings- och genomförandestödMöjligheten att söka gruppbildningsstöd är en stor styrka. Regeringen börse över om detta kan utökas/stärkas ytterligare i kommande programperiod. Genomförandestödet upplevs som krävande att söka och Jordbruksverket börta fram en specifik e-ansökan. Kraven bör sänkas något, för att t ex öka flexibiliteten kring budgeten. Förtydligade beslutskriterier bör göras mer tillgängliga. Innovationssupporten kan rikta mer stöd mot resurssvaga aktörer för att öka antalet som går vidare från grupp- till genomförandestöd. Sociala och organisatoriska innovationer är mycket få och borde uppmuntras i högre grad. Kopplingen till forskningsprojekt kan stärkas.Handläggningen av ansökningarEn majoritet av de sökande är övervägande missnöjda med ansökningsprocessen, då handläggningstiden är lång och kraven på ansökan höga med många kompletteringar. Sen utbetalning av medel upplevs också som ett hinder för många. Här måste fortsatta insatser till för att effektivisera och förkorta handläggningen internt på Jordbruksverket samt i relation till innovationssupportens rådgivning.Roller och samordningRollfördelningen mellan Jordbruksverkets handläggare, Rådgivande urvalskommittén och innovationssupporten har diskuterats internt och förtydligats allteftersom. Särskilt samordningen och erfarenhetsutbytet har stärkts. Tolkningen av begreppet innovation och beslutskriterier varierar fortsatt något, men samstämmigheten i vad som kommuniceras till sökande har gradvis förbättrats. Fortsatt kalibrering och interaktion är dock nödvändig.Koppling till andra innovationssatsningarBegränsad information om EIP-Agri har nått innovationskontoren. EIP-Agri bör kommuniceras via andra/kompletterande kanaler. Erfarenheter från andra liknande innovationsprogram bör också komma EIP-Agri till del för att utveckla möjliga synergier och säkra att innovationerna kommer ut på marknaden. Målgruppen för och syftet med EIP-Agri bör därmed förtydligas och kommuniceras mer strategiskt.Planerad effektutvärderingUnder 2019–2021 förväntas utvärderingen svara på frågor om programmetbidragit till relevanta innovationer i relation till målen. Nuvarande rapportering liksom de breda och otydliga målen samt kriterierna ger dock begränsade möjligheter att värdera dessa effekter. Utvecklade datasystem och förtydligade mål och kriterier krävs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Zachrisson, Anna, Docent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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When Public Officers Take the Lead in Collaborative Governance : To Confirm, Consult, Facilitate or Negotiate?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413. ; 22:4, s. 21-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governments are investing considerable time and resources in the field of collaborative governance as it proliferates throughout many sectors, and how public officers choose to respond to these developments therefore becomes an important question. The increased public involvement that collaborative governance brings is often more costly than traditional forms of governance, while the outcomes are highly uncertain. For these reasons, it is important that collaborative governance is only used when really warranted, and the various forms that it can take should be carefully designed. In this study, we apply a typology of collaboration strategies to examine firstly, the circumstances under which leading officers at four county administrative boards in the Swedish mountain region decide to lead collaboration, and secondly what collaboration strategies they then apply. This study is based on 20 interviews with key officers, and 39 interviews with project leaders of public-private collaborations in the area of natural resource management in the region. We find that officers should take trust levels into account when designing collaboration strategies, not least the lack of official trust. Strategies are found to be not mutually exclusive but complementary, and officers employ several at the same time. Interestingly, the results of this study show that – somewhat counter-intuitively – distrust is a driver for officers to initiate collaboration, a conclusion which questions the common view that more trust unequivocally translates into more participation.
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| 7. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, Docent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A struggling collaborative process : revisiting the woodland key habitat concept in Swedish forests
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:8, s. 699-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The term woodland key habitat (WKH) was launched in Sweden in 1990. Definitions for the concept have changed over the years, and today the WKH concept and its application are issues of debate in Sweden. Consequently, the Swedish Forestry Agency (SFA) initiated a collaborative process including forest stakeholders with the purpose to clarify the application and develop the inventory methodology of WKH. We have studied, by means of interviews and observations, participant perceptions of how endogenous and exogenous factors affect the collaborative process. During our research, we identified three game changers: the pause in WKH registration in northwestern Sweden that caused several participants to drop out of the process; budget allocations for new nationwide WKH inventories that put the process on hold; and formal instructions from the government that came nine months later and essentially re-initiated the collaborative process. Altogether, this not only affected the participants’ abilities, understanding and willingness to participate, but also the overall legitimacy of the process – indicating the difficulty of conducting policy development in collaborative form, especially when it is highly politicized since it impact on the participants’ anticipation of the process and its end results.
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| 8. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Between protocol and reality : Swedish municipal comprehensive planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 26:1, s. 35-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial planning using a landscape approach has been recognized as being essential for reconciling ecological, cultural and socioeconomic dimensions in sustainable development (SuD). Although embraced as a concept, there is a lack of planning tools capable of incorporating multi-level, multifunctional and multi-sectoral perspectives, especially in a rural context. The departure point in this paper is the legal requirements for municipal comprehensive planning (MCP) in Sweden and an e-mail survey about incentives, stakeholder involvement, policy integration and implementation in MCP in all 15 Swedish mountain municipalities. The purpose of this explorative study is to examine whether MCP could be a tool in planning for SuD. Results indicate a general lack of resources and a low status of MCP that affect, and even limit, stakeholder involvement, policy integration and implementation. However, legal requirements for MCP are targeted at SuD, and municipal personnel responsible for planning appreciate the potential of MCP. Therefore, there is potential to develop the MCP into an effective landscape planning tool. To accomplish this, the status of an active planning process has to be raised, the mandate of the local planning agency has to be secured, and residents and land users have to be involved throughout the planning process.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-
(författare)
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Does collaboration lead to sustainability? : A study of public–private partnerships in the Swedish mountains
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conflicts that are frequently manifested in the Swedish mountains often stem from the use and preservation of natural resources: resistance against protected area proposals, protests concerning the management of large carnivores, felling of old-growth forests, and disputes over who should be allowed to hunt or fish are commonplace. There are currently strong trends, both in national and international policy making, towards leaning on various forms of collaborative governance arrangements to deal with such policy failures. Consequently, various forms of partnerships have been initiated to promote more sustainable practices in mountain regions of Sweden. But to what extent does the creation of collaborative arrangements in natural resource management improve policy output and sustainability outcomes? To examine the issue, data was extracted from 47 semi-structured interviews with 39 project leaders and eight county officials, the sample being randomly selected from a database of 245 public-private collaborative projects in the Swedish mountains. The results indicate that partnerships do lead to improved sustainability – especially when it comes to social outcomes. There is, however, a need for more systematic follow-ups by practitioners, particularly on ecological outcomes where the country administrative boards should take a leading role and facilitate such evaluations in the future.
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| 11. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Forest social values in a Swedish rural context : The private forest owners' perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 65, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sustainability paradigm of the European Landscape Convention calls for increased involvement of all affected parties in combination with active leadership to promote social values. As a result, the Swedish Forest Agency (SFA) has requested further development of methods for broad consultation and active participation in order to strengthen the social values of forests. This paper aims to identify in particular the private forest owners' perceived need for collaboration and dialog regarding the social values of forests. The study's primary empirical data was derived from interviews with 40 private forest owners. A framework developed by Emerson et al. (2012) was applied to facilitate analysis of the forest owners' perceptions of procedural and institutional arrangements, existing leadership, the current level of knowledge and access to different types of resources. The paper identifies a need for the SFA to become more proactive and assume more of a leading role. The level of knowledge regarding social values was found to be quite low among the majority of the private forest owners. They wanted more information; they asked for increased support and advice, and they wanted to see improved coordination rather than collaboration on social values.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Public-private partnerships in a Swedish rural context : A policy tool for the authorities to achieve sustainable rural development?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 49, s. 58-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become a popular tool for governing rural development in a European context. PPPs are often presented as significant solutions for increasing both the effectiveness (problem-solving capacity) and the legitimacy of sustainable rural governance in terms of participation and accountability. In Sweden, where PPPs have played a marginal role, due to the EU cohesion policy they are now gaining ground as a model for the governance and management of natural resources in rural areas. Previous research shows that the state remains crucial in governing the process of governance through partnerships, especially in a rural as opposed to an urban context, where the state plays an ongoing role in initiating, structuring, financing and regulating partnerships. Is this an example of the state trying to counterbalance the increased power of the private sector, or the opposite – that is, an attempt to reduce social exclusion and increase participation by promoting the interest of private actors in local development processes? Our study examines the critical role of the state in these partnerships. We focus on authorities in charge of natural resource management and rural development and assess the enabling role of the authorities in rural areas with a weak or dispersed private sector. Empirical data is collected via group interviews at a workshop in which key representatives from the authorities participated. We identify a number of potential challenges associated to PPPs in a rural context, and in light of this we clarify how the authorities engage in different types of partnership arrangements, as well as their capacity to facilitate these partnerships in attempt to enhance sustainable rural development.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Social values of forests and production of new goods and services : the views of Swedish family forest owners
- 2018
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Ingår i: Small-scale Forestry. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 17:1, s. 125-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests are considered crucial assets for sustainable rural development, and contemporary forestry is an industry where production, environmental and social goals can – and should – be handled simultaneously. Swedish family forest owners (FFOs) are expected to both manage and conserve their forests for the benefit of the whole country, but there are contradictions between development and conservation and between traditional and alternative forms of utilization, representing dilemmas in rural areas. Tensions between urban and rural areas, between demands on what to produce and protect, are often linked to the FFOs’ views on opportunities for forest management. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the extent to which FFOs perceive that social values have the ability to generate “new” goods and services as a supplement or alternative to traditional forestry, and to suggest how the forests might be managed to render high social values. Fifty-seven interviews were conducted with FFOs (both resident and non-resident). The results indicate that regardless of where they reside, FFOs have a multifunctional view of their forests and forest management, that the social values attached to forests can play an important role in the development of local recreation- and forest-based tourism activities, and in this respect they can enhance sustainable rural development. It is, however, not obvious who might start and develop these businesses, since there seems to be a lack of interest among the FFOs themselves.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Att planera för hela skogslandskapet : utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Skogens många värden behöver samplaneras och sättas i sitt sammanhang utifrån ett landskapsperspektiv. Vi intervjuade skogsägare och skogliga intressenter om hur de ser på skogens värden, äganderätten och skogspolitiska förutsättningar, samt synen på att samarbeta och ta hänsyn till varandras intressen. Vi utgår från behov identifierade i planeringsprocesser som inkluderar många deltagare och intressen, när det gäller att förbättrakommunikation, information och mötesplatser. Vi ser tre möjliga verktyg för att skapa förutsättningar för ett landskapsperspektiv i planeringen av skogens värden: en landskapslots, en samverkansarena, samt utformningen och användandet av skogsbruksplanen.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunites for Integrated Landscape Planning : the Broker, the Arena, the Tool
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Online. - 1865-1542. ; 55, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an integrated social and ecological system, the forest landscape includes multiple values. The need for a landscape approach in land use planning is being increasingly advocated in research, policy and practice. This paper explores how institutional conditions in the forest policy and management sector can be developed to meet demands for a multifunctional landscape perspective. Departing from obstacles recognised in collaborative planning literature, we build an analytical framework which is operationalised in a Swedish context at municipal level. Our case illustrating this is Vilhelmina Model Forest, where actual barriers and opportunities for a multiple-value landscape approach are identified through 32 semi-structured interviews displaying stakeholders’ views on forest values, ownership rights and willingness to consider multiple values, forest policy and management premises, and collaboration. As an opportunity to overcome the barriers, we suggest and discuss three key components by which an integrated landscape planning approach could be realized in forest management planning: the need for a landscape coordinator (broker), the need for a collaborative forum (arena), and the development of the existing forest management plan into an advanced multifunctional landscape plan (tool).
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| 22. |
- Eckerberg, Katarina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning through on-going evaluation of EIP-Agri in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the XXVII Congress. Uneven processes of Rural Change: On Diversity, Knowledge and Justice. - Krakow. - 9788394777500 ; , s. 186-188
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Thellbro, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers for public-private partnerships in sustainable natural resource management – lessons from the Swedish mountain region
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden’s mountain areas are sensitive ecosystems that are used by a wide range of stakeholders, and this raises multiple sustainability concerns. Collaborative governance solutions are becoming increasingly common in such situations to promote more sustainable practices. While the Swedish mountain area is indeed a hot spot for different forms of public–private partnerships (PPPs) related to natural resources management, as yet, little is known about the shaping of participation, leadership, and implementation of these processes. What are the drivers for implementing collaborative environmental partnerships, do the drivers differ, and if so, how? What role does the specific context play in the design of these PPPs? Are the PPPs useful, and if so, for what? To analyse those issues, we conducted 38 semi-structured interviews with project leaders from a sample randomly selected from a database of 245 public–private collaborative projects in the Swedish mountains. Our results indicate that consequential incentives in the form of funding and previous successful collaborations seem to be the major drivers for such partnerships. A critical discussion of the possibilities and limitations of public–private forms of governance in rural mountain areas adds to the ongoing debate on the performance of environmental PPPs in a regional context.
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| 24. |
- Widman, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Protecting forests’ social values through partnerships
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 32:7, s. 633-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the potential of public–private partnerships to contribute to the resolution of decision-making dilemmas concerning private goods that also provide public services. We focus on forests that deliver many ecosystem services and are important for biodiversity, which pose problems regarding the values that should be considered in their protection and exploitation. Conflicts between the interests and values concerned (or at least prioritization difficulties) will arise and their satisfactory resolution will require some kind of collaboration between governmental authorities and private forest owners. Thus, the Swedish Forest Agency has initiated a pilot project on a new form of such partnerships, Nature Conservation Agreements for social values, which are considered as a case study here. We use an adapted version of the Ladder of Partnership Activity, which includes theoretical constructs such as context, perceptions and motives, creation of collaborative advantages and the constitution of rules, to see if and how these partnerships can enhance an embedded governance system, by enabling the actors to address collective problems in a mutually satisfactory manner. Our results contribute knowledge on how the governance of forests can be designed, and the kinds of values that could be included to spur the implementation of partnerships.
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