| 1. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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A Post-Analysis of the Introduction of the EU Directive 92/57/EEC in the Swedish Construction Industry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU directive 92/57/EEC focuses on ensuring that health and safety-related matters are taken into consideration during every stage of construction-related work and has been introduced into the regulations of the member countries. In 2006, Sweden was tasked by the European Commission to clarify its implementation of the directive, including which management roles and responsibilities were to come into effect during both the planning and eventual execution of construction work—changes that ultimately were introduced into the national regulations in 2009. Focusing on the accident trends in the construction industry in the years immediately following these regulatory changes, we find that the new management roles and responsibilities had no apparent effect on the accident rates. Furthermore, we argue that there is a need to broaden the analysis regarding the implementation of the EU directive 92/57/EEC to also include nation-specific changes to health and safety management and policy. These qualitative studies should also include a dedicated focus on how changes to management structures and processes may affect the prevalence of occupational diseases specifically.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational accidents in Swedish construction trades
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 27:2, s. 552-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to anazlye accidents occurring in the Swedish construction industry focusing specifically on the situation in the individual trades. The article includes all occupational accidents with at least one day of absence from work that were reported to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency for the year of 2016. The results, focusing on accident cause, injured body parts, as well as accidents per weekday, month and age, show that although the trades share commonalities regarding occupational accidents a number of trade-specific problem areas stand out. With this in mind, conclusions are drawn regarding the situation in each respective trade and suggestions are made for future studies focusing on accidents in construction industry trades.
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| 3. |
- Clasen, Joanna L., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of complementary measures of vitamin B6 status, function, and metabolism in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 114:1, s. 338-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Vitamin B6 insufficiency has been linked to increased risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. The circulating concentration of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a commonly used measure of vitamin B6 status. Ratios of substrates indicating PLP coenzymatic function and metabolism may be useful complementary measures to further explore the role of vitamin B6 in health.OBJECTIVES: We explored the sensitivity of 5 outcomes, namely PLP concentration, homocysteine:cysteine (Hcy:Cys), cystathionine:cysteine (Cysta:Cys), the 3´-hydroxykynurenine ratio (HKr), and the 4-pyridoxic acid ratio (PAr) to vitamin B6 intake as well as personal and lifestyle characteristics.MEDTHODS: Dietary intake and biomarker data were collected from participants from 3 nested case-control studies within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Bayesian regression models assessed the associations of the 5 biomarker outcomes with vitamin B6 intake and personal and lifestyle covariates. Analogous models examined the relations of Hcy:Cys, Cysta:Cys, and HKr with PLP.RESULTS: In total, 4608 participants were included in the analyses. Vitamin B6 intake was most strongly associated with PLP, moderately associated with Hcy:Cys, Cysta:Cys, and HKr, and not associated with PAr (fold change in marker given a doubling of vitamin B6 intake: PLP 1.60 [95% credible interval (CrI): 1.50, 1.71]; Hcy:Cys 0.87 [95% CrI: 0.84, 0.90]; Cysta:Cys 0.89 [95% CrI: 0.84, 0.94]; HKr 0.88 [95% CrI: 0.85, 0.91]; PAr 1.00 [95% CrI: 0.95, 1.05]). PAr was most sensitive to age, and HKr was least sensitive to BMI and alcohol intake. Sex and menopause status were strongly associated with all 5 markers.CONCLUSIONS: We found that 5 different markers, capturing different aspects of vitamin B6-related biological processes, varied in their associations with vitamin B6 intake and personal and lifestyle predictors.
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| 4. |
- Donev, Evgeniy N., et al.
(författare)
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Field testing of transgenic aspen from large greenhouse screening identifies unexpected winners
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plant Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1467-7644 .- 1467-7652. ; 21:5, s. 1005-1021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trees constitute promising renewable feedstocks for biorefinery using biochemical conversion, but their recalcitrance restricts their attractiveness for the industry. To obtain trees with reduced recalcitrance, large-scale genetic engineering experiments were performed in hybrid aspen blindly targeting genes expressed during wood formation and 32 lines representing seven constructs were selected for characterization in the field. Here we report phenotypes of five-year old trees considering 49 traits related to growth and wood properties. The best performing construct considering growth and glucose yield in saccharification with acid pretreatment had suppressed expression of the gene encoding an uncharacterized 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD). It showed minor changes in wood chemistry but increased nanoporosity and glucose conversion. Suppressed levels of SUCROSE SYNTHASE, (SuSy), CINNAMATE 4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) and increased levels of GTPase activating protein for ADP-ribosylation factor ZAC led to significant growth reductions and anatomical abnormalities. However, C4H and SuSy constructs greatly improved glucose yields in saccharification without and with pretreatment, respectively. Traits associated with high glucose yields were different for saccharification with and without pretreatment. While carbohydrates, phenolics and tension wood contents positively impacted the yields without pretreatment and growth, lignin content and S/G ratio were negative factors, the yields with pretreatment positively correlated with S lignin and negatively with carbohydrate contents. The genotypes with high glucose yields had increased nanoporosity and mGlcA/Xyl ratio, and some had shorter polymers extractable with subcritical water compared to wild-type. The pilot-scale industrial-like pretreatment of best-performing 2OGD construct confirmed its superior sugar yields, supporting our strategy.
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| 5. |
- Fransson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer (HYPO-RT-PC) : patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes of a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 22:2, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The HYPO-RT-PC trial compared conventionally fractionated radiotherapy with ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with localised prostate cancer. Ultra-hypofractionation was non-inferior to conventional fractionation regarding 5-year failure-free survival and toxicity. We aimed to assess whether patient-reported quality of life (QOL) differs between conventional fractionation and ultra-hypofractionation up to 6 years after treatment in the HYPO-RT-PC trial.METHODS: HYPO-RT-PC is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial done in 12 centres (seven university hospitals and five county hospitals) in Sweden and Denmark. Inclusion criteria were histologically verified intermediate-to-high-risk prostate cancer (defined as T1c-T3a with one or two of the following risk factors: stage T3a; Gleason score ≥7; and prostate-specific antigen 10-20 ng/mL with no evidence of lymph node involvement or distant metastases), age up to 75 years, and WHO performance status 0-2. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to conventional fractionation (78·0 Gy in 39 fractions, 5 days per week for 8 weeks) or ultra-hypofractionation (42·7 Gy in seven fractions, 3 days per week for 2·5 weeks) via a minimisation algorithm with stratification by trial centre, T-stage, Gleason score, and prostate-specific antigen. QOL was measured using the validated Prostate Cancer Symptom Scale (PCSS) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) at baseline, the end of radiotherapy, months 3, 6, 12, and 24 after radiotherapy, every other year thereafter up to 10 years, and at 15 years. The primary endpoint (failure-free survival) has been reported elsewhere. Here we report QOL, a secondary endpoint analysed in the per-protocol population, up to 6 years after radiotherapy. The HYPO-RT-PC trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN45905321.FINDINGS: Between July 1, 2005, and Nov 4, 2015, 1200 patients were enrolled and 1180 were randomly assigned (conventional fractionation n=591, ultra-hypofractionation n=589); 1165 patients (conventional fractionation n=582, ultra-hypofractionation n=583) were included in this QOL analysis. 158 (71%) of 223 patients in the conventional fractionation group and 146 (66%) of 220 in the ultra-hypofractionation group completed questionnaires at 6 years. The median follow-up was 48 months (IQR 25-72). In seven of ten bowel symptoms or problems the proportion of patients with clinically relevant deteriorations at the end of radiotherapy was significantly higher in the ultra-hypofractionation group than in the conventional fractionation group (stool frequency [p<0·0001], rush to toilet [p=0·0013], flatulence [p=0·0013], bowel cramp [p<0·0001], mucus [p=0·0014], blood in stool [p<0·0001], and limitation in daily activity [p=0·0014]). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportions of patients with clinically relevant acute urinary symptoms or problems (total 14 items) and sexual functioning between the two treatment groups at end of radiotherapy. Thereafter, there were no clinically relevant differences in urinary, bowel, or sexual functioning between the groups. At the 6-year follow-up there was no difference in the incidence of clinically relevant deterioration between the groups for overall urinary bother (43 [33%] of 132 for conventional fractionation vs 33 [28%] of 120 for ultra-hypofractionation; mean difference 5·1% [95% CI -4·4 to 14·6]; p=0·38), overall bowel bother (43 [33%] of 129 vs 34 [28%] of 123; 5·7% [-3·8 to 15·2]; p=0·33), overall sexual bother (75 [60%] of 126 vs 59 [50%] of 117; 9·1% [-1·4 to 19·6]; p=0·15), or global health/QOL (56 [42%] of 134 vs 46 [37%] of 125; 5·0% [-5·0 to 15·0]; p=0·41).INTERPRETATION: Although acute toxicity was higher for ultra-hypofractionation than conventional fractionation, this long-term patient-reported QOL analysis shows that ultra-hypofractionation was as well tolerated as conventional fractionation up to 6 years after completion of treatment. These findings support the use of ultra-hypofractionation radiotherapy for intermediate-to-high-risk prostate cancer.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Sara, 1984-
(författare)
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Mellan orten och kalifatet : En studie om utresandefenomenet
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Starting 2011, many travelled from other countries to support different parties of the Syrian revolution. Many came from Sweden, and many joined the Islamic State. Swedish “Syria travellers” often came from areas labelled as [especially] vulnerable. The purpose of the thesis is to examine and analyse different understandings of the phenomenon of individuals travelling from Sweden to the conflict areas in Syria and Iraq, based on narratives collected from actors with local anchoring. The empirical material consists of 54 interviews with public and local actors, and Syria travellers. The results show a territorial stigmatization and a moral differentiation where the residents of the [especially] vulnerable area is understood as “failed” or "tolerated" citizens, something that informants link to the study object. There is a gap between those who seek background explanations in religion and those who seek them in social structures. Furthermore, the results indicate that there are several possible representations of Syria travellers, ranging from terrorists and nihilists to moralists. The work against “radicalization” is described as poorly anchored among practitioners and an extended supply of knowledge is requested. The interviewed Syria travellers describe them-selves as moral actors, and often highly religiously motivated. The thesis also show how guilt by association is a lived reality for Muslims in a time where negative representations of Islam dominate. The thesis should be regarded as a contribution to the expansion of the important field of research on professionals' social representations of why some individuals make violent interpretations of Islam and are attracted to movements such as the Islamic State. The thesis is also a call to further explore Syria travellers' own representations and arguments. Both local actors and Syria travellers represent groups that professionals may en-counter in their work. Knowledge of such social groups, and about the representations articulated within them, is valuable for the practice of Social Work, but also for other professions such as teachers, leisure workers, police, and decision makers at different levels in society.
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| 7. |
- Nøst, Therese Haugdahl, et al.
(författare)
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Increased levels of microRNA-320 in blood serum and plasma is associated with imminent and advanced lung cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 17:2, s. 312-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung cancer (LC) incidence is increasing globally and altered levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in blood may contribute to identification of individuals with LC. We identified miRNAs differentially expressed in peripheral blood at LC diagnosis and evaluated, in pre-diagnostic blood specimens, how long before diagnosis expression changes in such candidate miRNAs could be detected. We identified upregulated candidate miRNAs in plasma specimens from a hospital-based study sample of 128 patients with confirmed LC and 62 individuals with suspected but confirmed negative LC (FalsePos). We then evaluated the expression of candidate miRNAs in pre-diagnostic plasma or serum specimens of 360 future LC cases and 375 matched controls. There were 1663 miRNAs detected in diagnostic specimens, nine of which met our criteria for candidate miRNAs. Higher expression of three candidates, miR-320b, 320c, and 320d, was associated with poor survival, independent of LC stage and subtype. Moreover, miR-320c and miR-320d expression was higher in pre-diagnostic specimens collected within 2 years of LC diagnosis. Our results indicated that elevated levels of miR-320c and miR-320d may be early indications of imminent and advanced LC.
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| 8. |
- Abreu, Ilka, et al.
(författare)
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A metabolite roadmap of the wood-forming tissue in Populus tremula
- 2020
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 228:5, s. 1559-1572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood, or secondary xylem, is the product of xylogenesis, a developmental process that begins with the proliferation of cambial derivatives and ends with mature xylem fibers and vessels with lignified secondary cell walls. Fully mature xylem has undergone a series of cellular processes, including cell division, cell expansion, secondary wall formation, lignification and programmed cell death. A complex network of interactions between transcriptional regulators and signal transduction pathways controls wood formation. However, the role of metabolites during this developmental process has not been comprehensively characterized. To evaluate the role of metabolites during wood formation, we performed a high spatial resolution metabolomics study of the wood-forming zone of Populus tremula, including laser dissected aspen ray and fiber cells. We show that metabolites show specific patterns within the wood-forming zone, following the differentiation process from cell division to cell death. The data from profiled laser dissected aspen ray and fiber cells suggests that these two cell types host distinctly different metabolic processes. Furthermore, by integrating previously published transcriptomic and proteomic profiles generated from the same trees, we provide an integrative picture of molecular processes, for example, deamination of phenylalanine during lignification is of critical importance for nitrogen metabolism during wood formation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ahonen, Pasi, et al.
(författare)
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Writing resistance together
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 27:4, s. 447-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This piece of writing is a joint initiative by the participants in the Gender, Work and Organization writing workshop organized in Helsinki, Finland, in June 2019. This is a particular form of writing differently. We engage in collective writing and embody what it means to write resistance to established academic practices and conventions together. This is a form of emancipatory initiative where we care for each other as writers and as human beings. There are many author voices and we aim to keep the text open and dialogical. As such, this piece of writing is about suppressed thoughts and feelings that our collective picket line allows us to express. In order to maintain the open-ended nature of the text, and perhaps also to retain some 'dirtiness' that is essential to writing, the article has not been language checked throughout by a native speaker of English.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Anne, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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High risk of cardiovascular side effects after treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma : is there a need for intervention in long-term survivors?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Upsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients have a good prognosis after adequate treatment. Previous treatment with mantle field irradiation has been accompanied by an increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study identified co-morbidity factors for the development of cardiovascular side effects and initiated an intervention study aimed to decrease morbidity and mortality of CVD in HL survivors.Design: Hodgkin lymphoma patients aged ≤45 years diagnosed between 1965 and 1995 were invited to participate. In total, 453 patients completed a questionnaire that addressed co-morbidity factors and clinical symptoms. Of these, 319 accepted to participate in a structured clinical visit. The statistical analyses compared individuals with CVD with those with no CVD.Results: Cardiovascular disease was reported by 27.9%. Radiotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 3.27), hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were shown to be independent risk factors for the development of CVD. The OR for CVD and valve disease in patients who received radiotherapy towards mediastinum was 4.48 and 6.07, respectively. At clinical visits, 42% of the patients were referred for further investigation and 24% of these had a cardiac ultrasound performed due to previously unknown heart murmurs.Conclusion: Radiotherapy towards mediastinum was an independent risk factor for CVD as well as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. A reasonable approach as intervention for this cohort of patients is regular monitoring of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and referral to adequate investigation when cardiac symptoms appear. Broad knowledge about the side effects from radiotherapy in the medical community and well-structured information regarding late side effects to the patients are all reasonable approaches as late effects can occur even 40 years after cancer treatment.
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| 13. |
- André, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of gaming and gambling in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 2279-9028 .- 2279-9036. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Gaming and gambling are frequently reported from child and adolescent psychiatry and school health care. Swedish epidemiological data show that 1.3% of the population meet the criteria for gambling disorder. Risk factors are male gender, young age, single status and being born outside Sweden. Both problem gaming and gambling are associated with compulsion, psychiatric and physical symptoms, impaired cognitive development and school performance. Based on the limited knowledge and the need for more research into these behaviours among young individuals, the present study aimed to look at the prevalence of gaming and gambling in patients at the child and adolescent psychiatry department (CAP) in Skåne, a region in the south of Sweden.Design and methods:The overall aim is to explore gaming and gambling in a child and youth population. Children aged 8–18 years (N = 144) from CAP in Skåne were assessed with two self-screening instruments: GASA (Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents) and NODS-CLiP (NORC Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems). Information were collected regarding type of care, housing situation and diagnosis.Results:Thirty-three percent of the study participants showed problem/addictive gaming. Fifty-two percent of the males in the study showed problem/addictive gaming. Forty-four percent of the subjects with ADHD showed problem/addictive gaming. Eleven percent of the study participants showed problem gambling.Conclusions:The present study reports hitherto unreported figures of problem gaming and gambling. Our results show the importance of screening children and adolescents for these conditions when admitting subjects to CAP in/outpatient care.
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| 14. |
- Ara, Mostarin, et al.
(författare)
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Varying rectangular spacing yields no difference in forest growth and external wood quality in coniferous forest plantations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historically square or almost square spacing design has been used in plantation forest, as it has been claimed to maximize productivity. In this study, based on field experiments established in the mid-1980s, we tested the effect of square or different rectangular planting designs (2 x 2, 1.33 x 3, 1 x 4, 0.8 x 5, 1.46 x 1.46 x 4 m) on productivity, stand heterogeneity, and external wood properties of three coniferous species: Scots pine, Lodgepole pine, and Norway spruce. Stand production (volume, diameter), external wood properties (ovality, branch thickness, living crown height, height-diameter ratio), and stand heterogeneity (Gini coefficient) were not significantly affected by the different rectangular designs. Based on this evidence, we propose that more flexibility is available than previously thought for rectangular spacing layouts and consequently for the choice of planting spots and machinery operations.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Arvidsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A methodological approach for mapping and analysing cascading effects of flooding events
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of River Basin Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1814-2060 .- 1571-5124. ; 21:4, s. 659-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current local or regional flood risk assessments, as required by the EU flood risk directive, rarely account for cascading effects due to interdependencies between critical infrastructures. However, it is essential to consider these effects, as they may severely impact areas outside the immediate flood risk area. The main purpose is to present and problematize a method (AB-CEM) for mapping and analysing cascading effects due to floods, aiming at also being relevant for other spatially widespread hazards. The method development and the pilot study, in Sweden, reveal that there is a prominent practical need for methods for mapping and analysing critical infrastructure interdependencies and cascading effects. Another key finding is that the method process and its results can serve as an important basis for decision-making about proactive and reactive efforts related to geographically extensive hazards. We further conclude that there is a recurring problem regarding sensitive and secret data. More specifically, the conflicting interests of information availability and information security concerning critical infrastructures, which needs to be resolved at the national level and communicated through clear guidelines. The method is a much-needed step towards accounting for cascading effects of floods in practice.
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| 18. |
- Arvidsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Critical infrastructure, geographical information science and risk governance: A systematic cross-field review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Reliability Engineering & System Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0951-8320. ; 213, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two key challenges for governing and managing critical infrastructure risk and resilience are interdependencies between infrastructures and the multi-actor setting in which they operate. This paper looks beyond the Critical Infrastructure (CI) field of research to identify and discuss cross-disciplinary approaches to address these challenges. It explores two related and slightly overlapping research fields: Geographical Information Science (GIScience) and Risk Governance (RG). The purpose is to systematically explore how concepts and approaches from these two fields can help develop the CI field further. The overall methodology follows the scoping study framework, which is strengthened by presenting a novel method for article keyword analysis of 14 170 articles guiding a content analysis of 51 articles. The results reveal that research areas intersecting CI and GIScience are natural hazard modelling, network analysis, data management, and geovisualisation and for CI and RG the inclusion of socio-cultural dimensions. These areas constitute good opportunities for further research. Challenges for cross-disciplinary research and practical applications include harmonisation of concepts, management of confidential data, and addressing less-technical CI sectors. In conclusion, the CI field is young and growing, and in need of further cross- and interdisciplinary research endeavours to tackle the complex issues at hand.
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| 19. |
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Att välja trä
- 2020. - 10
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 20. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Truck Platooning Business Case Analysis
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report we describe results from the work on business case analysis of the Sweden for Platooning (S4P) project. Platooning has the potential to contribute to the on-going transformation of the transport sector by reducing environmental impact, saving fuel, as well as (to a lesser extent) by improving traffic flow and safety and in the long run reducing driver hours. In order to fulfil these promises, it must be shown that there are viable business cases for all involved actors. This report describes the analysis of truck platooning business cases performed in the S4P project.Some of the main findings are that there is a significant potential for reducing fuel consumption and hence CO2 exhaust through platooning; that waiting on the order of minutes for a platooning opportunity is reasonable but that taking another route is probably not; that it is necessary to have mediating services that help platoons to form and share the costs and benefits associated with platooning; and that there are different possible ways of implementing a system for sharing the benefits.
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| 21. |
- Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Organisational sustainability readiness: a model and assessment tool for manufacturing companies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing plays a major role in the economic and social development of society, yet this often comes at a high environmental cost. Despite great advances in our understanding of sustainability issues and solutions developed to tackle this challenge, current production and consumption models are still largely unsustainable. Strong industrial actions are required to move towards safer and cleaner practices respectful of the planetary boundaries. This paper puts forward a novel approach for top and middle management in manufacturing companies to build capabilities for sustainable manufacturing by assessing their organisational sustainability readiness. The proposed model and tool for organisational sustainability readiness were developed based on themes emerging from empirical data collected via interviews and focus groups in six companies. The resulting themes were consolidated and validated with relevant literature to create four levels of readiness, displaying a crescendo of operations management practices on the shop floor that positively affect sustainability performance. Finally, an industrial application was used to further validate the tool and demonstrate how it can help companies develop a roadmap for a more sustainable manufacturing industry.
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| 22. |
- Beaumont, Robin N, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of placental weight identifies distinct and shared genetic influences between placental and fetal growth.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 55:11, s. 1807-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-functioning placenta is essential for fetal and maternal health throughout pregnancy. Using placental weight as a proxy for placental growth, we report genome-wide association analyses in the fetal (n=65,405), maternal (n=61,228) and paternal (n=52,392) genomes, yielding 40 independent association signals. Twenty-six signals are classified as fetal, four maternal and three fetal and maternal. A maternal parent-of-origin effect is seen near KCNQ1. Genetic correlation and colocalization analyses reveal overlap with birth weight genetics, but 12 loci are classified as predominantly or only affecting placental weight, with connections to placental development and morphology, and transport of antibodies and amino acids. Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that fetal genetically mediated higher placental weight is causally associated with preeclampsia risk and shorter gestational duration. Moreover, these analyses support the role of fetal insulin in regulating placental weight, providing a key link between fetal and placental growth.
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| 23. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Decomposition rates in late stages of Scots pine and Norway spruce needle litter: Influence of nutrients and substrate properties over a climate gradient
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to show different patterns for decomposition of the main mass of needle litter from two boreal and temperate coniferous tree species, both leading to a stabilized fraction of litter. To this purpose we have reviewed information on decomposition patterns in the lignin-dominated (late) stages of two local foliar litter types, namely those of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) from two climatic gradients of equal extension. We have also reviewed factors determining the limit values for both species.Long-term decomposition studies were used to calculate annual mass loss in the lignin-dominated decomposition stage and relate these to mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and acid unhydrolyzable residue (gravimetric lignin, AUR).There was no effect of MAT on decomposition of either needle litter type. MAP had a rate-dampening effect on decomposition of Norway spruce litter. There was a rate-stimulating effect of Mn for Norway spruce litter but not for that of Scots pine. In spite of the strong negative effect of AUR and N on decomposition of Scots pine litter there was none at all for that of Norway spruce.Limit values for decomposition were related to the litters’ initial concentrations of N, Mn and AUR and differed between litter types for locally collected, natural litter and for that from experimental litter, the latter having higher N and lower Mn concentrations than the natural litter.We conclude that the two litter types have clear differences as regards rate- regulating factors for decomposition in the late lignin-dominated stage as well as for the stable fraction and suggest two different pathways for their decomposition. This is the first time that different pathways have been suggested for decomposing litter.
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| 24. |
- Berg, Björn, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Magnesium dynamics in decomposing foliar litter - a synthesis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - : Elsevier. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We synthesized available data for magnesium (Mg) dynamics in newly shed and decomposing foliar litter of mainly pine (Pinus) species, Norway spruce (Picea abies), and birch (Betula) species. Using original, measured data from 40 stands organized in climatic gradients we intended to determine patterns of Mg concentration and net release vs accumulated mass loss of the litter. This synthesis is likely the first synthesis of Mg dynamics in decomposing litter.In paired stands, litter of both Norway spruce and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) had higher Mg concentrations than Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), with concentrations in Norway spruce litter even twice as high.In decomposing litter, Mg concentrations followed a quadratic (X2-X) function vs accumulated mass loss and consequently had minima, different for Norway spruce and Scots pine litter. Out of 68 decomposition studies 53 gave minimum concentration. The Mg minimum concentration during decomposition was positively related to initial Mg concentration for Scots pine and Scots pine plus lodgepole pine but not for Norway spruce. The increase in concentration suggests that after the minimum Mg was temporarily limiting.For Norway spruce litter there was a relationship between minimum concentration of Mg and the limit value. There was no such relationship for Scots pine and not for the combined pine data.Magnesium net release started directly after the incubation and was linear to accumulated mass loss of litter, giving a slope coefficient (release rate) for each study. The net release rate was linear to initial Mg concentration and all studies combined gave a negative linear relationship.
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| 25. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Building capacity – conceptualizing Training of Trainers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Information Systems of Crisis Response And Management. - Omaha. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 701-710
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many organizations train and educate their staff to prepare for crisis. One approach is train-the-trainer (ToT;Training of trainers) concept. It is based on the idea that someone can be trained as a trainer, who in turn traintheir colleagues. The philosophy resembles a pyramid scheme that allows for a fast and efficient spread ofknowledge and skills. This study focused on perceptions of the ToT concept through interviews with ToT trainers.Two learning theories, organizational learning (4I) and experiential learning theory (ELT) were used toconceptualize the ToT-concept. It was found that the ToT-concept can be used as the method to conduct ELT toachieve organizational learning and knowledge (4I). Furthermore, the study also presents how participantsperceives ToT using thematic analysis. This resulted in four themes: Common understanding of ToT, Learn-by-doing, No grounding in ToT, and Difficult to ensure quality.
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| 26. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Coping with large disruptions in the payment system : stakeholder experience from stakeholder workshops and computer based simulation gaming exercises
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB 2020) Session - Computer and Mobile Technology. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450376778 ; , s. 141-145, s. 141-145
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we describe a work in progress where a mixed methods approach is used to increase insight into what kind of consequences a temporal disruption or total breakdown of the payment system creates for a large variety of societal actors and to increase insight in how their collaborative behaviour can be guided to be more resilient. This approach includes data from different types of data collections; workshop with high-level decisionmakers from involved sectors, interviews with citizens, representatives from the fuel, foods, and finance sectors, as well as experiences from 15 simulation game exercises with stakeholders. The triangulated and aggregated outcomes of the different data collections resulted in a set of recommendations on how to cope with disruptions in the card payment system.
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| 27. |
- Bergsten, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Designing engaging computer based simulation games for increasing societal resilience to payment system
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB 2020) Session - Computer and Mobile Technology. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450376778 ; , s. 166-172, s. 166-172
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large or lengthy disruptions to the card payment system are threats that can cause crisis in society, especially in countries where other payment options are scarce. This paper presents a study that provides suggestions on how to improve a simulation game used to increase societal resilience to payment system disruptions. Questionnaires and interviews have been used to investigate how 16 participant in crisis exercises experience realism, relevance and validity in such exercises. Suggestions on how to improve the simulation game are provided, such as improvements to the graphical interface and introducing supporting roles from the exercise management.
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| 28. |
- Bhattacharyya, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Neutron capture cross sections of light neutron-rich nuclei relevant for -process nucleosynthesis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9993 .- 2469-9985. ; 104:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurements of neutron capture cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei are challenging but essential for understanding nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution processes in the explosive burning scenario. In the quest of -process abundances, according to the neutrino-driven-wind model, light neutron-rich unstable nuclei may play a significant role as seed nuclei that influence the abundance pattern. Hence, experimental data for neutron capture cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei are needed. Coulomb dissociation of radioactive ion beams at intermediate energy is a powerful indirect method for inferring capture cross section. As a test case for validation of the indirect method, the neutron capture cross section (, ) for was inferred from the Coulomb dissociation of at intermediate energy ( MeV). A comparison between different theoretical approaches and experimental results for the reaction is discussed. We report for the first time experimental reaction cross sections of , , , and . The reaction cross sections were inferred indirectly through Coulomb dissociation of , , and at incident projectile energies around 400-430 MeV using the FRS-LAND setup at GSI, Darmstadt. The neutron capture cross sections were obtained from the photoabsorption cross sections with the aid of the detailed balance theorem. The reaction rates for the neutron-rich Na, Mg, Al nuclei at typical -process temperatures were obtained from the measured () capture cross sections. The measured neutron capture reaction rates of the neutron-rich nuclei, , , and are significantly lower than those predicted by the Hauser-Feshbach decay model. A similar trend was observed earlier for and but in the case of the trend is opposite. The situation is more complicated when the ground state has a multi-particle-hole configuration. For , the measured cross section is about higher than the Hauser-Feshbach prediction.
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| 29. |
- Boillos, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic cross sections of fragmentation residues produced by light projectiles on carbon near
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9993 .- 2469-9985. ; 105:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured 135 cross sections of residual nuclei produced in fragmentation reactions of C12, N14, and O13−16,20,22 projectiles impinging on a carbon target at kinetic energies of near 400A MeV, most of them for the first time, with the RB3/LAND setup at the GSI facility in Darmstadt (Germany). The use of this state-of-the-art experimental setup in combination with the inverse kinematics technique gave the full identification in atomic and mass numbers of fragmentation residues with a high precision. The cross sections of these residues were determined with uncertainties below 20% for most of the cases. These data are compared to other previous measurements with stable isotopes and are also used to benchmark different model calculations.
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| 30. |
- Boretzky, K., et al.
(författare)
-
NeuLAND: The high-resolution neutron time-of-flight spectrometer for R 3 B at FAIR
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1014
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NeuLAND (New Large-Area Neutron Detector) is the next-generation neutron detector for the R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experiment at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). NeuLAND detects neutrons with energies from 100 to 1000 MeV, featuring a high detection efficiency, a high spatial and time resolution, and a large multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency. This is achieved by a highly granular design of organic scintillators: 3000 individual submodules with a size of 5 × 5 × 250 cm3 are arranged in 30 double planes with 100 submodules each, providing an active area of 250 × 250 cm2 and a total depth of 3 m. The spatial resolution due to the granularity together with a time resolution of σt≤ 150 ps ensures high-resolution capabilities. In conjunction with calorimetric properties, a multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency of 50% to 70% for four-neutron events will be achieved, depending on both the emission scenario and the boundary conditions allowed for the reconstruction method. We present in this paper the final design of the detector as well as results from test measurements and simulations on which this design is based.
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| 31. |
- Bott, Lukas Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12
- 2023
-
Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN ASTROPHYSICS - X, NPA-X 2022. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. ; 279
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12 within the FAIR Phase-0 program at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany. From this we will extract the photon dissociation cross section O-16(alpha,gamma)C-12, which is the time reversed reaction to C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16. With this indirect method, we aim to improve on the accuracy of the experimental data at lower energies than measured so far. The expected low cross section for the Coulomb dissociation reaction and close magnetic rigidity of beam and fragments demand a high precision measurement. Hence, new detector systems were built and radical changes to the (RB)-B-3 setup were necessary to cope with the high-intensity O-16 beam. All tracking detectors were designed to let the unreacted O-16 ions pass, while detecting the C-12 and He-4.
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| 32. |
- Brauer, John, 1988-
(författare)
-
Labour Market Policies : Structure and Content, Space and Time
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Labour market policies has two aims: cushioning the economic hardship caused by unemployment and increasing employment rates. In many welfare states, responsibilities for such policies are divided between different political-administrative levels. This dissertation aims to enhance the understanding of labour market policies and especially the involvement of sub-national governmental actors, by analysing the role of municipalities in the Swedish context. The dissertation also investigates the involvement of social work and social workers within labour market policies. A theoretical framework consisting of four pillars, structure, content, space, and time, is used to analyse labour market policies. The analysis combines a historical review with empirical data. The findings show that the involvement of municipalities, in active labour market policies, has taken place against the background of three processes: the multi-level governance of financial support, the shifting role of active labour market policies, and the dialectic relationship between financial support and active labour market policies. The divided responsibility for financial support generates incentives for municipal measures that qualify social assistance recipients for nationally funded social insurances. The fear of work disincentives has also been a driving force in the development of municipal activation. The reliance on municipalities to design and deliver active labour market policies opens for greater crossmunicipal differences. An ongoing reform of the Public Employment Service, the national agency that provides active labour market policies, that decreases the number of local offices and increases the reliance on private service providers, is likely to change the role of municipalities within active labour market policies. Many scholars criticise the involvement of social workers, within labour market policies, given the use of conditionality through activation. This criticism calls for further empirical investigation, not least in terms of how practicing social workers position their work.
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| 33. |
- Brauer, John, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Social Representations in Street-Level Bureaucracies : Production and Reproduction of Knowledge Within Public Administration
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - Göteborg : School of Public Administration, University of Gothenburg. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413. ; 25:2, s. 99-122
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of street-level bureaucracy is central to understanding public administration asit pinpoints the role of individual civil servants in the realisation of policy. Oneissue in need of further illumination is that of knowledge production and reproduction in street-level bureaucracies. This paperseeks to examine these issues by linking street-level bureaucracy with the theory of social representations. Social representations offer a social-psychological understanding of how individuals make sense of their reality in day-to-day interaction. The overarching aim of the paperis to suggest a theoretical synthesis of these two perspectives –a synthesis that connects interaction atstreet-level with common-sense knowledge, as well as knowledge generatedwithin organisationsand among professionals. The synthesis is demonstrated by presenting an analysis of social representations of unemployment among two groups of street-level bureaucrats.
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| 34. |
- Brodin, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Inhaled ciclesonide in adults hospitalised with COVID-19 : a randomised controlled open-label trial (HALT COVID-19)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of inhaled ciclesonide in reducing the duration of oxygen therapy (an indicator of time to clinical improvement) among adults hospitalised with COVID-19.DESIGN: Multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label trial.SETTING: 9 hospitals (3 academic hospitals and 6 non-academic hospitals) in Sweden between 1 June 2020 and 17 May 2021.PARTICIPANTS: Adults hospitalised with COVID-19 and receiving oxygen therapy.INTERVENTION: Inhaled ciclesonide 320 µg two times a day for 14 days versus standard care.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was duration of oxygen therapy, an indicator of time to clinical improvement. Key secondary outcome was a composite of invasive mechanical ventilation/death.RESULTS: Data from 98 participants were analysed (48 receiving ciclesonide and 50 receiving standard care; median (IQR) age, 59.5 (49-67) years; 67 (68%) men). Median (IQR) duration of oxygen therapy was 5.5 (3-9) days in the ciclesonide group and 4 (2-7) days in the standard care group (HR for termination of oxygen therapy 0.73 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.11), with the upper 95% CI being compatible with a 10% relative reduction in oxygen therapy duration, corresponding to a <1 day absolute reduction in a post-hoc calculation). Three participants in each group died/received invasive mechanical ventilation (HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.15 to 5.32)). The trial was discontinued early due to slow enrolment.CONCLUSIONS: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19 receiving oxygen therapy, this trial ruled out, with 0.95 confidence, a treatment effect of ciclesonide corresponding to more than a 1 day reduction in duration of oxygen therapy. Ciclesonide is unlikely to improve this outcome meaningfully.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04381364.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Broström, Sander, et al.
(författare)
-
"Seeing a Brighter Future" - Experiences of Adolescents with Common Mental Disorders Receiving the Problem-Solving Therapy "Youth Friendship Bench" in Zimbabwe
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1096-4673 .- 0161-2840. ; 42:11, s. 1019-1029
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Zimbabwe common mental disorders are prevalent among adolescents and the treatment gap is large. The recently introduced Youth Friendship Bench intervention (YouFB) addresses this gap by task-shifting youth lay health workers to offer a culturally contextualised, manual-based, six-session problem-solving therapy to adolescents, 16-19 years of age. The aim of this study was to explore participants´ experiences of YouFB to attain a first insight into this novel intervention. Interviews with nine adolescents were analysed using qualitative content analysis on a latent level. The experience of YouFB was positive, perceived to offer hope and relief from feelings of isolation and uncertainty, increase manageability of problems, and contribute to feelings of autonomy, resulting in a feeling of optimism about the future. The notion among participants that this brief intervention had such a positive influence on their lives, sparks interest because of its applicability in low-resource settings.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Bully, Charles, et al.
(författare)
-
Increasing Eco-Efficiency Awareness for Ship Loading Process Using Virtual Reality and Gamification
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - 9781614994398 ; 13
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world is striving for a sustainable future as United Nations proposed the 17 Sustainable Development Goals to reduce the environmental impact and increase societal wellbeing by 2030. In this endeavor, eco-efficiency is considered as one of the key concept to facilitate the successful transition to the sustainable development with the focus to reduce the ecological impact of industry through efficiency improvements. The shipping industry is largely involved in this challenge with a target set by International Maritime Organization to cut emissions from individual ships by 40% from 2008 levels by 2030. The ship loading process is believed to have great impact to the overall eco-efficiency as it is not only a time consuming process but also determines the fuel consumption of the transportation. In this study, we aim to incorporate virtual reality (VR) technology and gamification theories to raise the eco-efficiency awareness in the shipping loading process. A VR application for ship loading process was developed using a real world case in the Baltic sea region. Eco-efficiency concept is introduced in different levels based on the gamification theories. Maritime professionals tested the VR application and provided their feedback. The results are positive that combining VR and gamification can be useful to train operators with eco-efficiency in ship loading operations. It also shows a huge potential to support the shipping industry in this transition towards a more sustainable future. A VR application for ship loading process was developed using a real world case in the Baltic sea region. Eco-efficiency concept is introduced in different levels based on the gamification theories. Maritime professionals tested the VR application and provided their feedback. The results are positive that combining VR and gamification can be useful to train operators with eco-efficiency in ship loading operations. It also shows a huge potential to support the shipping industry in this transition towards a more sustainable future. A VR application for ship loading process was developed using a real world case in the Baltic sea region. Eco-efficiency concept is introduced in different levels based on the gamification theories. Maritime professionals tested the VR application and provided their feedback. The results are positive that combining VR and gamification can be useful to train operators with eco-efficiency in ship loading operations. It also shows a huge potential to support the shipping industry in this transition towards a more sustainable future. The results are positive that combining VR and gamification can be useful to train operators with eco-efficiency in ship loading operations. It also shows a huge potential to support the shipping industry in this transition towards a more sustainable future. The results are positive that combining VR and gamification can be useful to train operators with eco-efficiency in ship loading operations. It also shows a huge potential to support the shipping industry in this transition towards a more sustainable future.
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| 39. |
- Bykova, Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel Class of Rhenium Borides Based on Hexagonal Boron Networks Interconnected by Short B-2 Dumbbells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 34:18, s. 8138-8152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal borides are known due to their attractive mechanical, electronic, refractive, and other properties. A new class of rhenium borides was identified by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells between 26 and 75 GPa. Recoverable to ambient conditions, compounds rhenium triboride (ReB3) and rhenium tetraboride (ReB4) consist of close-packed single layers of rhenium atoms alternating with boron networks built from puckered hexagonal layers, which link short bonded (similar to 1.7 angstrom) axially oriented B-2 dumbbells. The short and incompressible Re-B and B-B bonds oriented along the hexagonal c-axis contribute to low axial compressibility comparable with the linear compressibility of diamond. Sub-millimeter samples of ReB3 and ReB4 were synthesized in a large-volume press at pressures as low as 33 GPa and used for material characterization. Crystals of both compounds are metallic and hard (Vickers hardness, H-V = 34(3) GPa). Geometrical, crystal-chemical, and theoretical analysis considerations suggest that potential ReBx compounds with x > 4 can be based on the same principle of structural organization as in ReB3 and ReB4 and possess similar mechanical and electronic properties.
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| 40. |
- Bärring, Maja, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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A Case Study for Modeling Machine Tool Systems Using Standard Representations
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 2020 ITU Kaleidoscope: Industry-Driven Digital Transformation, ITU K 2020.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine models play an important role to support decision making for purchasing, scheduling, and routing in manufacturing. However, it is challenging to share a machine model that is developed using proprietary formats. A model of a fully assembled machining system in a neutral format can help overcome this challenge. Standard-based machine tool models will not only facilitate information reuse but also enable model exchange between systems. In this paper a case study is discussed to demonstrate the initial effort of a standard representation for a machining system including both component geometric and kinematics information. This standard-based machine model will be easily imported to another tool.
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| 41. |
- Bärring, Maja, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Technologies Enabling Data of Production Systems for Decision Support
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Systems. - 2520-6478 .- 2572-3928. ; 4:2, s. 62-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using digital technologies can support the flow and use of digital information in a timelier manner both within and between production systems. Smart manufacturing systems use these enabling technologies to maximize the capabilities’ cost, delivery, flexibility, and quality. The focus in industry so far has mainly been on the technologies and systems, but to succeed in digitalization, it is vital to understand how the technologies can be put into practice to meet the needs of an industrial organization. The focus of this article is to demonstrate how digital technologies can be used to enable data from production systems to inform decisions and generate value for an organization. This article showcases this with examples from real-world industrial cases, and the technologies used are 3-D laser scanning and 5G communication. The 3-D laser scanning is used to collect spatial data to build a virtual representation of a factory, and 5G is utilized to collect machine data from various data sources, e.g., the machine computer and external sensors. The results show that available data can support multiple roles in the organization and throughout the different phases of a production system. The status of the machine can be monitored in real time, a design can be evaluated against a system’s behavior, an organization can learn from the data transformed into information, and the virtual representation provides a very accurate and photorealistic representation of a system as-is. Digital technologies can enable more data representing the system and support the organization in knowing more about their processes when used in the right way.
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| 42. |
- Bärring, Maja, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Twin for Smart Manufacturing: the Practitioner's Perspective
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE). ; 2B-2020
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The manufacturing sector is experiencing a technological paradigm shift, where new information technology (IT) concepts can help digitize product design, production systems, and manufacturing processes. One of such concepts is Digital Twin and researchers have made some advancement on both its conceptual development and technological implementations. However, in practice, there are many different definitions of the digital-twin concept. These different definitions have created a lot of confusion for practitioners, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, the adoption and implementation of the digital-twin concept in manufacturing have been difficult and slow. In this paper, we report our findings from a survey of companies (both large and small) regarding their understanding and acceptance of the digital-twin concept. Five supply-chain companies from discrete manufacturing and one trade organization representing suppliers in the automotive business were interviewed. Their operations have been studied to understand their current digital maturity levels and articulate their needs for digital solutions to stay competitive. This paper presents the results of the research including the viewpoints of these companies in terms of opportunities and challenges for implementing digital twins.
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| 43. |
- Bärring, Maja, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Factory Radio Design of a 5G Network in Offline Mode
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536 .- 2169-3536. ; 9, s. 23095-23109
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The manufacturing industry is connecting people and equipment with new digital technologies, enabling a more continuous stream of data to represent processes. With more things connected, the interest in a connectivity solution that can support communication with high reliability and availability will increase. The fifth generation of telecommunication, i.e., 5G has promising features to deliver this, but the factory environment introduces new challenges to ensure reliable radio coverage. This will require efficient ways to plan the Factory Radio Design prior to installation. 3D laser scanning is used at an ever-increasing rate for capturing the spatial geometry in a virtual representation to perform layout planning of factories. This paper presents how to combine 3D laser scanning and physical optics (PO) for planning the Factory Radio Design of a cellular Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network (5G) in a virtual environment. 3D laser scanning is applied to obtain the spatial data of the factory and the virtual representation serves as the environment where PO computation techniques can be performed. The simulation result is validated in this paper by comparison to measurements of the installed network and empirical propagation models. The results of the study show promising opportunities to simulate the radio coverage in a virtual representation of a factory environment.
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| 44. |
- Cagigi, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Airway antibodies emerge according to COVID-19 severity and wane rapidly but reappear after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
- 2021
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 6:22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the presence and durability of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the airways is required to provide insights into the ability of individuals to neutralize the virus locally and prevent viral spread. Here, we longitudinally assessed both systemic and airway immune responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in a clinically well-characterized cohort of 147 infected individuals representing the full spectrum of COVID-19 severity, from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. In addition, we evaluated how SARS-CoV-2 vaccination influenced the antibody responses in a subset of these individuals during convalescence as compared with naive individuals. Not only systemic but also airway antibody responses correlated with the degree of COVID-19 disease severity. However, although systemic IgG levels were durable for up to 8 months, airway IgG and IgA declined significantly within 3 months. After vaccination, there was an increase in both systemic and airway antibodies, in particular IgG, often exceeding the levels found during acute disease. In contrast, naive individuals showed low airway antibodies after vaccination. In the former COVID-19 patients, airway antibody levels were significantly elevated after the boost vaccination, highlighting the importance of prime and boost vaccinations for previously infected individuals to obtain optimal mucosal protection.
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| 45. |
- Cao, Huizhong, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the current applications and potential of extended reality for environmental sustainability in manufacturing
- 2023
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In response to the transformation towards Industry 5.0, there is a growing call for manufacturing systems that prioritize environmental sustainability, alongside the emerging application of digital tools. Extended Reality (XR) - including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) - is one of the technologies identified as an enabler for Industry 5.0. XR could potentially also be a driver for more sustainable manufacturing: however, its potential environmental benefits have received limited attention. This paper aims to explore the current manufacturing applications and research within the field of XR technology connected to the environmental sustainability principle. The objectives of this paper are two-fold: (1) Identify the currently explored use cases of XR technology in literature and research, addressing environmental sustainability in manufacturing; (2) Provide guidance and references for industry and companies to use cases, toolboxes, methodologies, and workflows for implementing XR in environmentally sustainable manufacturing practices. Based on the categorization of sustainability indicators, developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the authors analyzed and mapped the current literature, with criteria of pragmatic XR use cases for manufacturing. The exploration resulted in a mapping of the current applications and use cases of XR technology within manufacturing that has the potential to drive environmental sustainability. The results are presented as stated use-cases with reference to the literature, contributing as guidance and inspiration for future researchers or implementations in industry, using XR as a driver for environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the authors open up the discussion for future work and research to increase the attention of XR as a driver for environmental sustainability.
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| 46. |
- Cao, Huizhong, 1996, et al.
(författare)
-
VR Interaction for Efficient Virtual Manufacturing : Mini Map for Multi-User VR Navigation Platform
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; 52, s. 335-345
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decade, the value and potential of VR applications in manufacturing have gained significant attention in accordance with the rise of Industry 4.0 and beyond. Its efficacy in layout planning, virtual design reviews, and operator training has been well-established in previous studies. However, many functional requirements and interaction parameters of VR for manufacturing remain ambiguously defined. One area awaiting exploration is spatial recognition and learning, crucial for understanding navigation within the virtual manufacturing system and processing spatial data. This is particularly vital in multi-user VR applications where participants' spatial awareness in the virtual realm significantly influences the efficiency of meetings and design reviews. This paper investigates the interaction parameters of multi-user VR, focusing on interactive positioning maps for virtual factory layout planning and exploring the user interaction design of digital maps as navigation aid. A literature study was conducted in order to establish frequently used technics and interactive maps from the VR gaming industry. Multiple demonstrators of different interactive maps provide a comprehensive A/B test which were implemented into a VR multi-user platform using the Unity game engine. Five different prototypes of interactive maps were tested, evaluated and graded by the 20 participants and 40 validated data streams collected. The most efficient interaction design of interactive maps is thus analyzed and discussed in the study.
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| 47. |
- Carbone, Dina, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance of a dedicated coherent X-ray scanning diffraction instrument at beamline NanoMAX of MAX IV
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 876-887
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diffraction endstation of the NanoMAX beamline is designed to provide high-flux coherent X-ray nano-beams for experiments requiring many degrees of freedom for sample and detector. The endstation is equipped with high-efficiency Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror focusing optics and a two-circle goniometer supporting a positioning and scanning device, designed to carry a compact sample environment. A robot is used as a detector arm. The endstation, in continued development, has been in user operation since summer 2017.
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| 48. |
- Chari, Arpita, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the antecedents to digital platform implementation for resilient and sustainable manufacturing supply chains - An IDEF0 modelling approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526. ; 429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital platforms offer opportunities to enhance the resilience of manufacturing supply chains facing complexity, data sharing challenges, external stressors (e.g., resource scarcity, geo-political factors), emerging risks and environmental sustainability. Despite the growing importance of digital platforms for industrial value creation, limited research has focused on their practical application in this context. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the holistic factors crucial for successful implementation is lacking. Through a qualitative empirical research approach involving three case companies in a manufacturing value chain, this study examines the challenges, requirements, and opportunities associated with leveraging digital platforms for resilient supply chains. Additionally, the paper demonstrates the use of a structured modelling technique, IDEF0, to identify interconnected antecedents that support the use of digital platforms in building resilience within manufacturing supply chains. The findings contribute to advancing knowledge in resilience modelling and dynamic capabilities for resilience, along with providing valuable insights for practitioners seeking to harness the potential of digital platforms for improved supply chain resilience.
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| 49. |
- Chari, Arpita, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic capabilities for circular manufacturing supply chains-Exploring the role of Industry 4.0 and resilience
- 2022
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1099-0836 .- 0964-4733. ; 31:5, s. 2500-2517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An organisation's sustainability performance is influenced by its capabilities (skills, resources and competences) which in turn affects the performance of its entire supply chain. However, recent research has not sufficiently explored the convergence of dynamic capabilities, circular economy, resilience and Industry 4.0 concepts for manufacturing supply chains. Therefore, this study aims to identify how dynamic capabilities theory can enable circular and resilient supply chains. A qualitative research process was deployed in three stages: literature review, European project and nine expert interviews. Key investigative variables were used to identify capabilities used in manufacturing, and five research propositions were developed to address the gaps found in literature. The empirical data helped reveal challenges to circular economy implementation and validate the literature findings. The main contributions include a dynamic capabilities model, a causal relationship model and five research propositions for circular economy implementation.
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| 50. |
- Chari, Arpita, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Risk Prioritization of a Manufacturing Supply Chain using Discrete Event Simulation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supply chains face a myriad of adverse risks that impact their daily operations and make them vulnerable. In addition, supply chains continue to grow in size and complexity which further sophisticates the problem. Lack of a structured approach and limitations in existing risk management methods contribute towards effective mitigation strategies not being properly developed. In this paper, we develop a discrete event simulation modelling approach to quantify the performance and risk assessment of a manufacturing supply chain in Sweden which is under the impact of risks. This approach could support decision makers by prioritizing risks according to their performance impact and facilitating the development of mitigation strategies to enhance the resilience of the supply chain. The conceptual digital model can also be used to generate synthetic data to build an artificial intelligence-enhanced predictive demonstrator model to showcase capabilities for building data-driven resilience of the supply chain. 2.14.0.0
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