| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Boyle, L.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of fattening boars in mixed or single sex groups and split marketing on pig welfare
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW). - 0962-7286. ; 16:2, s. 259-262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to evaluate the effects of single or mixed sex fattening of boars and split marketing (SM) on pig welfare. Female (n = 10), male (n = 10) and mixed sex (n = 10) groups were fattened to 105 kg. Two focal pigs per pen were selected for continuous behaviour observations and skin lesion inspections. Aggressive and sexual behaviours were recorded during feeding. One week prior to slaughter the three heaviest pigs in half of the pens were marketed. There was more sexual behaviour in mixed and male groups. However, there was less agonistic behaviour in mixed and female compared to male groups. SM male groups tended to have higher lesion scores than non-SM male groups. There was more mounting in non-SM mixed groups than in both SM and non-SM female groups. The welfare of boars was improved in mixed sex groups but females fared better in single sex groups. Split marketing reduced the welfare of pigs in male groups but improved pig welfare in mixed groups.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Francioso, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Classification of multiple defect concentrations in white wine by platinum microelectrode voltammetry
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 125:2, s. 462-467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concentrations of defect pairs added to a white wine were classified by voltammetric measurements on interdigitated platinum microelectrodes using principal component analysis of the current responses. Combinations of 0, 1, 2 and 3 mM concentrations were investigated. The defect pair ascorbic acid/acetaldehyde exhibited little interaction with each other and the pair-wise concentrations were symmetrically positioned in a score plot around a center axis of equimolar concentrations. The ascorbic acid/sulfur dioxide pair exhibited a center axis for the equimolar concentrations shifted toward the 3 mM sulfur dioxide sample. The defect pair having the strongest interaction through complex formation, acetaldehyde/sulfur dioxide, had the equimolar concentrations in score plots located near the white wine control sample. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Panaretakis, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Interferon alpha induces nucleus-independent apoptosis by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Molecular biology of the cell. - : American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB). - 1939-4586 .- 1059-1524. ; 19:1, s. 41-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interferon (IFN)α induces apoptosis via Bak and Bax and the mitochondrial pathway. Here, we investigated the role of known IFNα-induced signaling cascades upstream of Bak activation. By pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the kinases protein kinase C (PKC)δ, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in U266-1984 and RHEK-1 cells, we could demonstrate that all three enzymes are critical for the apoptosis-associated mitochondrial events and apoptotic cell death induced by IFNα, at a step downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Furthermore, the activation of JNK was found to occur in a PKCδ/ERK-dependent manner. Inhibition of these kinases did not affect the canonical IFNα-stimulated Janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling or expression of IFN-responsive genes. Therefore, enucleated cells (cytoplasts) were examined for IFNα-induced apoptosis, to test directly whether this process depends on gene transcription. Cytoplasts were found to undergo apoptosis after IFNα treatment, as analyzed by several apoptosis markers by using flow cytometry, live cell imaging, and biochemical analysis of flow-sorted cytoplasts. Furthermore, inhibition of mTOR, ERK, and JNK blocked IFNα-induced apoptosis in cytoplasts. In conclusion, IFNα-induced apoptosis requires activation of ERK1/2, PKCδ, and JNK downstream of PI3K and mTOR, and it can occur in a nucleus-independent manner, thus demonstrating for the first time that IFNα induces apoptosis in the absence of de novo transcription.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
