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- Heijboer, Amber, et al.
(författare)
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Plant biomass, soil microbial community structure and nitrogen cycling under different organic amendment regimes; a 15N tracer-based approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 107, s. 251-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable agriculture requires nutrient management options that lead to a profitable crop yield with relatively low nitrogen (N) losses to the environment. We studied whether the addition of contrasting organic amendments together with inorganic fertilizer can promote both requirements simultaneously. In particular we studied how the chemical composition of organic amendments affects the biomass, activity and composition of the soil microbial community and subsequently carbon (C) and N mineralization, microbial N immobilization and plant growth and nutrient uptake. In a pot experiment, Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea, cvar. Cyrus) were grown on arable soil, mixed with 15N-labelled mineral fertilizer and different kinds of organic amendments (cattle manure solid fraction, maize silage, lucerne silage, wheat straw) differing in C:N ratio and lignin content. After 69 and 132 days, destructive sampling took place to assess the effects of the different treatments on soil microbial biomass (microscopic measurements), microbial community composition (phospholipid fatty acid profiles), soil microbial activity (14C-leucine incorporation), C and N mineralization, plant biomass and 15N retrieval in soil pools, microbial biomass and plant biomass. Addition of organic amendments increased soil microbial biomass, activity and fungal/bacterial ratio and created distinct microbial community compositions, whereby high C:N ratio organic amendments had stronger effects compared to low C:N ratio amendments. Structural equation modelling showed that higher values of soil microbial activity were associated with increased N mineralization rates, increased plant biomass and plant 15N uptake, while microbial 15N immobilization was associated with soil microbial community composition. The outcomes of this study highlight the importance of the chemical composition and the amount of the organic amendments for finding a balance between plant N uptake, microbial N immobilization and N retention in labile and stable soil pools through the effects on the composition and activity of the soil microbial community. The results provide insights that can be used in designing combined input (nutrient and organic) nutrient management strategies for a more sustainable agriculture.
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- Lalam, Radhesh, et al.
(författare)
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ESSR Consensus Document for Detection, Characterization, and Referral Pathway for Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Bone
- 2017
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Ingår i: Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1089-7860 .- 1098-898X. ; 21:5, s. 630-647
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benign bone tumors are rare but are more common than primary malignant bone tumors. The early accurate diagnosis and reliable differentiation of these rare benign tumors and tumor mimickers from the even rarer malignant tumors with subsequent appropriate treatment or watchful waiting is crucial for the clinical outcome. Bone tumors are often a source of diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. Thus this European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology consensus document is intended to help radiologists in their decision making and support discussion among clinicians who deal with patients with suspected or proven bone tumors. Evaluating these tumors starts with a patient history and physical examination. Radiography is the principal imaging modality and often can reliably diagnose a benign bone tumor by providing information about localization, matrix, aggressiveness, size, and (potential) multiplicity. In a significant number of cases, additional imaging is not necessary. Potentially malignant entities recognized by radiography should be referred for magnetic resonance imaging, which also serves as a preoperative local staging modality, with specific technical requirements. Indeterminate tumors, or tumors in which therapy depends on histology results, should be biopsied. For biopsy, we strongly recommend referral to a specialist regional sarcoma treatment center (RSTC), where a multidisciplinary tumor team, including a specialist pathologist, radiologist, and sarcoma surgeon, are involved. Additional staging modalities are entity specific and should be performed according to the recommendations of the RSTC.
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