| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ekström, Magnus Pär, et al.
(författare)
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The association of body mass index, weight gain and central obesity with activity-related breathlessness : the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 74:10, s. 958-964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Breathlessness is common in the population, especially in women and associated with adverse health outcomes. Obesity (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m(2)) is rapidly increasing globally and its impact on breathlessness is unclear.Methods: This population-based study aimed primarily to evaluate the association of current BMI and self-reported change in BMI since age 20 with breathlessness (modified Research Council score >= 1) in the middle-aged population. Secondary aims were to evaluate factors that contribute to breathlessness in obesity, including the interaction with spirometric lung volume and sex.Results: We included 13 437 individuals; mean age 57.5 years; 52.5% women; mean BMI 26.8 (SD 4.3); mean BMI increase since age 20 was 5.0 kg/m(2); and 1283 (9.6%) reported breathlessness. Obesity was strongly associated with increased breathlessness, OR 3.54 (95% CI, 3.03 to 4.13) independent of age, sex, smoking, airflow obstruction, exercise level and the presence of comorbidities. The association between BMI and breathlessness was modified by lung volume; the increase in breathlessness prevalence with higher BMI was steeper for individuals with lower forced vital capacity (FVC). The higher breathlessness prevalence in obese women than men (27.4% vs 12.5%; p<0.001) was related to their lower FVC. Irrespective of current BMI and confounders, individuals who had increased in BMI since age 20 had more breathlessness.Conclusion: Breathlessness is independently associated with obesity and with weight gain in adult life, and the association is stronger for individuals with lower lung volumes.
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| 3. |
- Ranehill, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Impact Economic Preferences: Evidence from a Randomized Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 64:10, s. 4471-4965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of correlational studies suggests that sex hormones such as those contained in, or affected by, oral contraceptives (OCs) may impact economic behavior. However, despite widespread use of OCs among women in Western countries, little is known about their potential behavioral effects. The present study investigates whether OCs causally influence economic preferences. We randomly allocate 340 women aged 18–35 to three months of a widely used OC or placebo treatment. At the end of treatment, we conduct an economic experiment measuring altruism, financial risk taking, and willingness to compete. The statistical power is 80% to detect an effect size equal to a Cohen’s d of 0.30 at the 5% level. We find no significant effects of OCs on any of the measured preferences, indicating that this widely used OC treatment, commonly used throughout the world, does not significantly affect the measured economic preferences. Further, we find no relation between menstrual cycle phase and economic preferences in the placebo group.
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| 4. |
- Anchang-Kimbi, Judith K., et al.
(författare)
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Antenatal care visit attendance, intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) and malaria parasitaemia at delivery
- 2014
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2875. ; 13, s. 162-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The determinants and barriers for delivery and uptake of IPTp vary with different regions in sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluated the determinants of ANC clinic attendance and IPTp-SP uptake among parturient women from Mount Cameroon Area and hypothesized that time of first ANC clinic attendance could influence uptake of IPTp-SP/dosage and consequently malaria parasite infection status at delivery. Methods: Two cross sectional surveys were carried out at the Government Medical Centre in the Mutengene Health Area, Mt Cameroon Area from March to October 2007 and June 2008 to April 2009. Consented parturient women were consecutively enrolled in both surveys. In 2007, socio-demographic data, ANC clinic attendance, gestational age, fever history and reported use/dosage of IPTp-SP were documented using a structured questionnaire. In the second survey only IPT-SP usage/dosage was recorded. Malaria parasitaemia at delivery was determined by blood smear microscopy and placental histology. Results and discussion: In 2007, among the 287 women interviewed, 2.2%, 59.7%, and 38.1% enrolled in the first, second and third trimester respectively. About 90% of women received at least one dose SP but only 53% received the two doses in 2007 and by 2009 IPTp-two doses coverage increased to 64%. Early clinic attendance was associated (P = 0.016) with fever history while being unmarried (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-3.8) was significantly associated with fewer clinic visits (<4visits). Women who received one SP dose (OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.0-6.8) were more likely not to have attended >= 4visits. A higher proportion (P < 0.001) of women with first visit during the third trimester received only one dose, meanwhile, those who had an early first ANC attendance were more likely (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2 - 0.7) to receive two or more doses. Microscopic parasitaemia at delivery was frequent (P = 0.007) among women who enrolled in the third trimester and had received only one SP dose than in those with two doses. Conclusion: In the study area, late first ANC clinic enrolment and fewer clinic visits may prevent the uptake of two SP doses and education on early and regular ANC clinic visits can increase IPTp coverage.
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| 5. |
- Anchang-Kimbi, Judith K., et al.
(författare)
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IgG isotypic antibodies to crude Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigen associated with placental malaria infection in parturient Cameroonian women
- 2016
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Ingår i: African Health Sciences. - : African Journals Online (AJOL). - 1680-6905 .- 1729-0503. ; 16:4, s. 1007-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have reported an association between placental malaria (PM) infection and levels of isotypic antibodies against non-pregnancy associated antigens. Objective: To determine and evaluate IgG isotypic antibody levels to crude P. falciparum blood stage in women with and without PM infection. Methods: Levels of IgG (IgG1-IgG4) and IgM to crude P. falciparum blood stage antigen were measured by ELISA in 271 parturient women. Placental malaria infection was determined by placental blood microscopy and placental histology. Age, parity and intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) usage were considered during analysis. Results: P. falciparum-specific IgG1 (96.5%) and IgG3 (96.7%) antibodies were predominant compared with IgG2 (64.6%) and IgG4 (49.1%). Active PM infection was associated with significant increased levels of IgG1, IgG4 and IgM while lower levels of these antibodies were associated with uptake of two or more IPTp-SP doses. PM infection was the only independent factor associated with IgG4 levels. Mean IgG1 + IgG3/IgG2 + IgG4 and IgG1 + IgG2 + IgG3/IgG4 ratios were higher among the PM-uninfected group while IgG4/IgG2 ratio prevailed in the infected group. Conclusion: PM infection and IPTp-SP dosage influenced P. falciparum-specific isotypic antibody responses to blood stage antigens. An increase in IgG4 levels in response to PM infection is of particular interest.
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| 6. |
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Arbete & jämställdhet : förändringar under femtio år
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arbete & jämställdhet. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949303 ; , s. 7-25
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid internationella jämförelser framstår Sverige som ett av världens mest jämställda länder. De flesta kvinnor förvärvsarbetar idag och har en egen inkomst. Särbeskattning, föräldraförsäkring, dagis och pappamånader gör att både kvinnor och män kan förena lönearbete och familjeliv. Hur har vi kommit så här långt? Vad återstår att göra? Antologin tar avstamp i 1960-talets jämställdhetsdiskussion då boken Kvinnors liv och arbete (SNS 1962) bidrog till att starta debatten om könsroller. Arbete och jämställdhet belyser vad som hänt i arbetslivet och i jämställdhetsdiskussionen under femtio år. Den innehåller såväl problematiserande kapitel som kapitel med kunskapsöversikter och vänder sig till alla som vill öka sina kunskaper om arbetsmarknadsfrågor och jämställdhet. Elva forskare från sex discipliner medverkar. Frågor som författarna behandlar är: förändring i teoretiska förståelser av kvinnor som lönearbetare, historien om invandrade kvinnors arbete, de mångfacetterade grunderna för diskriminering i arbetslivet, nya mönster av arbetskraftsmigration och arbetsgivar–arbetstagarrelationer i servicesektorn, genusmönster i kvinnors företagande, könsrollstänkandets utveckling samt pappapolitikens historia.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Blomberg, Eva, 1952-
(författare)
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Alla sätta potatis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - : Svenska Historiska Föreningen. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 137:1, s. 80-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Blomberg, Eva, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Jämställdhet i vår tid
- 2014. - 1
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Ingår i: Det långa 1990-talet. - Umeå : Boréa Bokförlag. - 9789189140882 ; , s. 353-382
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Blomberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Jämställt företagande 1990–2010
- 2011
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Ingår i: Kvinnors företagande. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186203863 ; , s. 76-113
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Blomberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Biomacromolecules
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, SecondEdition. - London : Taylor & Francis. ; , s. 1-14
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to construct thin films with controlled thickness on almost any type of surface is of great interestin many research fields. For biomedical applications, thin films on medical devices have been found toimprove the biocompatibility, reduce the immunological response, and deliver medical drugs locally. Thelayer structure is closely related to the function and efficiency of such films. During the last decades, it hasbeen shown that the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of charged macromolecules has created an inexpensiveroute to the formation of thin multilayer films, and the interest in using biomacromolecules (e.g., polysaccharidesand proteins) has emerged in recent years. The LbL technique offers unique opportunities forcontrolling the physical properties of thin surface layers, such as film thickness, chemical and elasticproperties, and stability. In this entry, we will focus on recent advances in the multilayer film area usingbiomacromolecules. We will discuss how different physicochemical properties of biomacromolecules andof the deposition solution affect the formation and structure of LbL-assembled multilayer. Finally, we willaddress some suggested applications for these biopolymer film coatings.
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| 21. |
- Blomberg, Eva, 1952-
(författare)
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Syndikalistiska modelejon
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ett sekel av syndikalism. - Stockholm : Federativs förlag. - 9789186474607 ; , s. 126-129
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Blomberg, Jerry, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficiency and policy in Swedish pulp and paper mills : a data envelopment analysis approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 42, s. 569-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper provides an empirical assessment of the electricity efficiency improvement potential in the Swedish pulp and paper industry by employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) and mill-specific input and output data for the years 1995, 2000 and 2005. The empirical results are discussed in relation to the reported outcomes of the Swedish voluntary energy efficiency programme PFE. The estimated electricity efficiency gap is relatively stable over the time period; it equals roughly 1 TWh per year for the sample mills and this is three times higher than the corresponding self-reported electricity savings in PFE. This result is largely a reflection of the fact that in the pulp and paper industry electricity efficiency improvements are typically embodied in the diffusion of new capital equipment, and there is a risk that some of the reported measures in PFE simply constitute an inefficient speed-up of capital turnover. The above does not preclude, though, that many other measures in PFE may have addressed some relevant market failures and barriers in the energy efficiency market. Overall the analysis suggests that future energy efficiency programs could plausibly be better targeted at explicitly promoting technological progress as well as at addressing the most important information and behaviour-related failures.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Carlsson, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Surface characteristics of cellulose nanoparticles grafted by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 22:2, s. 1063-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization has been employed for the grafting of epsilon-caprolactone from cellulose nanoparticles, made by partial hydrolysis of cellulose cotton linters. A sacrificial initiator was employed during the grafting reactions, to form free polymer in parallel to the grafting reaction. The degree of polymerization of the polymer grafts, and of the free polymer, was varied by varying the reaction time. The aim of this study was to estimate the cellulose nanoparticle degree of surface substitution at different reaction times. This was accomplished by combining measurement results from spectroscopy and chromatography. The prepared cellulose nanoparticles were shown to have 3.1 (+/- 0.3) % of the total anhydroglucose unit content present at the cellulose nanoparticle surfaces. This effectively limits the amount of cellulose that can be targeted by the SI-ROP reactions. For a certain SI-ROP reaction time, it was assumed that the resulting degree of polymerization (DP) of the grafts and the DP of the free polymer were equal. Based on this assumption it was shown that the cellulose nanoparticle surface degree of substitution remained approximately constant (3-7 %) and seemingly independent of SI-ROP reaction time. We believe this work to be an important step towards a deeper understanding of the processes and properties controlling SI-ROP reactions occurring at cellulose surfaces.
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| 27. |
- Claesson, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle habits and womens attitudes towards discussing them at a visit for contraceptive advice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 6:3, s. 114-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aims of this study was to use visits for contraceptive counselling as opportunities for examining womens actual life style habits with the main focus being placed on alcohol consumption but also to evaluate the womens opinions about discussing their alcohol and tobacco habits and their weight status. Methods: A total of 535/802 (67%) women completed a study-specific anonymous questionnaire after a contraceptive counselling visit with a midwife. Results: A majority of the women thought that a discussion concerning alcohol habits at a contraceptive counselling session was important (85.5%) and not intrusive (86.4%) neither embarrassing (81.7%). Women with high-risk drinking habits were younger, more often tobacco users and more often planning for childbirth in the future, compared with women who did not display high-risk drinking behaviour. A significantly higher percentage of women who practiced high-risk drinking thought that a discussion of alcohol was intrusive (10.9%) and embarrassing (46.7%), compared with women not practicing highrisk alcohol consumption. Most women (72.9%) stated that no other caregiver during the preceding year except the midwife had discussed drinking habits with them. The weight was a good thing that the midwife brought up for discussion according to 82.5% of the women but the discussions about weight was more often found embarrassing (18.4%) than the discussion about alcohol habits. Conclusion: Women who came for contraceptive counselling found the discussion concerning alcohol habits important, not intrusive or embarrassing and a good thing to be brought up by the midwife. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Feldötö, Zsombor, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of IgG on/in a PAH/PSS Multilayer Film : Layer Structure and Cell Response
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 354:1, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of immunogloblulins (IgG) (mouse monoclonal recognizing IFN gamma) on precoated polystyrene or silica surfaces by the layer-by-layer technique has been investigated with QCM-D and DPI. The aim of the work was to increase the sensitivity of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay. The polyelectrolytes used to build the multilayers were poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) alternately adsorbed from 150 mM NaCl. The multilayer build up is linear and the internal structure of the PAH/PSS multilayer is compact and rigid as observed by low relative water content (20-25%) and high layer refractive index (n similar to 1.5) after the formation of five bilayers. Incorporation of IgG within the PAH/PSS multilayer did not give rise to overcharging and did not affect the linear build up. ELISpot test on PAH/PSS multilayer modified polystyrene wells showed that the cytokine response was significantly smaller than on the regular PVDF backed polystyrene wells. This may be due to the compact and rigid nature of the PAH/PSS multilayer, which does not allow formation of the kind of three dimensional support needed to achieve bioactive IgG binding to the surface. Immunological tests of the polyelectrolyte multilayers in the absence of IgG showed that PSS terminated PAH/PSS multilayer did not induce any cytokine response whereas PAH terminated did, which suggests that PSS totally covers the surface from the cells point of view.
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| 29. |
- Feldötö, Zsombor, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Salt and Rinsing Protocol on the Structure of PAH/PSS Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:22, s. 17048-17057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and dual polarization interferometry (DPI) have been utilized to study how the structure of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) multilayers is affected by the rinsing method (i.e., the termination of polyelectrolyte adsorption). The effect of the type of counterions used in the deposition solution was also investigated, and the polyelectrolyte multilayers were formed in a 0.5 M electrolyte solution (NaCl and KBr). From the measurements, it was observed that thicker layers were obtained when using KBr in the deposition solution than when using NaCl. There different rinsing protocols have been studied: (i) the same electrolyte solution as used during multilayer formation. (ii) pure water, and (iii) first a salt solution (0.5 M) and then pure water. When the multilayer with PAH as the outermost layer was exposed to pure water, an interesting phenomenon was discovered: a large change in the energy dissipation was measured with the QCM. This could be attributed to the swelling of the layer, and from both QCM and DPI it is obvious that only the outermost PAH layer swells (to a thickness of 25-30 nm) because of a decrease in ionic strength and hence an increase in intra- and interchain repulsion. whereas the underlying layers retain a very rigid and compact structure with a low water content. Interestingly, the outermost PAH layer seems to obtain very similar thicknesses in water independent of the electrolyte used for the multilayer buildup. Another interesting aspect was that the measured thickness with the DPI evaluated by a single-layer model did not correlate with the estimated thickness from the model calculations performed on the QCM-D data. Thus, we applied a two-layer model to evaluate the DPI data and the results were in excellent agreement with the QCM-D results. To our knowledge. this evaluation of DPI data has not been done previously.
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| 30. |
- Feldötö, Zsombor, 1979-
(författare)
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Structures of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Preasorbed Mucin : The Influence of Counterions
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus in this thesis has been to gain a fundamental understanding of how different type of salts affect preadsorbed polyelectrolytes, both natural and synthetic. The knowledge from the fundamental work is then applied on a commercial system to investigate if the efficiency can be enhanced. We built thin films using the synthetic polyelctrolytes by using layer-by layer (LbL) deposition. The formed film is commonly known as a polyelectrolyte multilayer. The LbL method allows the incorporation of proteins, polymers, polyelectrolytes with different functions and so on within the film, thus achieving multilayers with different functions. The major measuring technique used within this thesis is the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), which measures mass adsorbed on a surface including the trapped solvent and the viscoelastic properties of an adsorbed film. The QCM-D measurements were complemented with an optical technique, dual polarization interferometry (DPI), which measures the change in refractive index and thickness. From these parameters the dry mass and relative water content of the film can be calculated. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) further gave information about forces acting between preadsorbed films. We investigated the effect of salt on synthetic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) built with the LbL technique, thus forming polyelectrolyte multilayers. We concluded that the multilayer build-up was linear and that the internal structure of the multilayer is of a compact and rigid nature. However, the type of rinsing protocol (termination of adsorption by: salt, water and salt first followed by water) has a significant effect on the outer layer of the formed multilayer. Interestingly, the structural changes only applied when poly(allylamine hydrochloride) was at the outermost layer and the most significant when water was used. We suggest that it is only the top layer that swells due to the removal of counterions resulting in increased intrachain repulsion. We further performed two-layer model calculations with the Voight model to confirm the QCM-D results as well as a novel two layer model simulation for the DPI data in order to resolve the thickness. The model calculations were in good agreement with each other thus we concluded that only the outer layer swells for this particular multilayer system. In a related experiment we studied the adsorption of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), which has an important mucousal function, to different thiol modified gold surfaces as well as the effect of electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl2, LaCl3) on preadsorbed mucin to a hydrophobic thiol-modified Au surface. The salt induced an expansion at low concentrations; higher concentrations resulted in a compaction. Increasing the valence of the counter ion resultedin a compaction at low concentrations. The structural change of preadsorbed BSM was reversible for NaCl, partially reversible for CaCl2 and irreversible for LaCl3. Interestingly, the swelling of BSM could not be fully understood by using the QCM-D and thus AFM force curves of the same system were taken and the results showed that NaCl does decrease the tail length due to the effective screening of charged sites within the BSM molecule. Increasing the valence resulted in a notable compaction already at very low concentrations suggesting that the ions bind to the anionic sites on BSM. In the last work we attempted to combine the gained knowledge from the previous studies by using the LbL-buildup on an actual commercial health care application. The above-mentioned mutlilayer were used to coat polystyrene wells in order to increase the binding of immunoglobulin (IgG). The main goal was to increase the sensitivity of the conventional enzymelinked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot) and subsequently the modified polystyrene wells were used with the ELISpot test with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to measure the cytokine response. We suggested that the main driving force for adsorption for IgG on a PAH terminated multilayer is electrostatic attraction, whereas on PSS terminated multilayer the driving force is hydrophobic. Further, we suggested that IgG does not overcharge the surface and the linearity of the multilayer build-up is not altered when IgG is incorporated within the multilayer structure. We concluded that the cytokine response (spots) on the built multilayers regardless thickness or adsorbed IgG is significantly less than the regular polyvinyldiene fluoride (PVDF) backed ELISpot wells. We suggested that due to the compact and rigid nature of the PAH/PSS multilayer structure it is unable to form the kind of three-dimensional antibody-binding support found in the PVDF membrane. PSS terminated PAH/PSS multilayer did not induce any cytokine response whereas PAH terminated did, which suggests that PSS totally covers the surface from the cells point of view.
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| 31. |
- Feo, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a standardised definition for fundamental care : a modified Delphi study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 27:11-12, s. 2285-2299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To generate a standardised definition for fundamental care and identify the discrete elements that constitute such care.BACKGROUND: There is poor conceptual clarity surrounding fundamental care. The Fundamentals of Care Framework aims to overcome this problem by outlining three core dimensions underpinning such care. Implementing the Framework requires a standardised definition for fundamental care that reflects the Framework's conceptual understanding, as well as agreement on the elements that comprise such care (i.e., patient needs, such as nutrition, and nurse actions, such as empathy). This study sought to achieve this consensus.DESIGN: Modified Delphi study.METHODS: Three phases: (1) engaging stakeholders via an interactive workshop; (2) using workshop findings to develop a preliminary definition for, and identify the discrete elements that constitute, fundamental care; and (3) gaining consensus on the definition and elements via a two-round Delphi approach (Round 1 n=38; Round 2 n=28).RESULTS: Delphi participants perceived both the definition and elements generated from the workshop as comprehensive, but beyond the scope of fundamental care. Participants questioned whether the definition should focus on patient needs and nurse actions, or more broadly on how fundamental care should be delivered (e.g., through a trusting nurse-patient relationship), and the outcomes of this care delivery. There were also mixed opinions whether the definition should be nursing specific.CONCLUSIONS: This study has initiated crucial dialogue around how fundamental care is conceptualised and defined. Future work should focus on further refinements of the definition and elements with a larger, international group of practising nurses and service users. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Ferraris, M., et al.
(författare)
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Antibacterial silver nanocluster/silica composite coatings on stainless steel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 396, s. 1546-1555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A coating made of silver nanocluster/silica composites has been deposited, via a radio frequency (RF) co-sputtering technique, for the first time onto stainless steel (AISI 304L) with the aim to improve its antibacterial properties. Different thermal treatments after coating deposition have been applied in order to optimize the coating adhesion, cohesion and its antibacterial properties. Its applicability has been investigated at realistic conditions in a cheese production plant. The physico-chemical characteristics of the coatings have been analyzed by means of different bulk and surface analytical techniques. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to assess coating morphology, composition, surface roughness, wetting properties, size and local distribution of the nanoparticles within the coating. Tape tests were used to determine the adhesion/cohesion properties of the coating. The amount and time-dependence of released silver in solutions of acetic acid, artificial water, artificial tap water and artificial milk were determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The antibacterial effect of the coating was evaluated at different experimental conditions using a standard bacterial strain of Staphylococcus aureus in compliance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) and AATCC 147 standards. The Ahearn test was performed to measure the adhesion of bacteria to the coated stainless steel surface compared with a control surface. The antibacterial coating retained its antibacterial activity after thermal treatment up to 450 °C and after soaking in common cleaning products for stainless steel surfaces used for e.g. food applications. The antibacterial capacity of the coating remained at high levels for 1-5 days, and showed a good capacity to reduce the adhesion of bacteria up to 30 days. Only a few percent of silver in the coating was released into acetic acid, even after 10 days of exposure at 40 °C. Most silver (> 90%) remained also in the coating even after 240 h of continuous exposure. Similar observations were made after repeated exposure at 100 °C. Very low levels of released silver in solution were observed in artificial milk. No release of silver nanoparticles was observed either in synthetic tap water or in artificial milk at given conditions. The coating further displayed good antibacterial properties also when tested during working conditions in a cheese production plant.
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| 33. |
- Ferraris, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of silver nanocluster/silica composite coated textiles for safety systems and aerospace applications
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 317, s. 131-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work describes the chemical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of a novel silver nanocluster/silica composite coating, obtained by sputtering, on textiles for use in nuclear bacteriological and chemical (NBC) protection suites and for aerospace applications.The properties of the coated textiles were analyzed in terms of surface morphology, silver concentration and silver release in artificial sweat and synthetic tap water, respectively. No release of silver nanoparticles was observed at given conditions.The water repellency, permeability, flammability and mechanical resistance of the textiles before and after sputtering demonstrated that the textile properties were not negatively affected by the coating.The antibacterial effect was evaluated at different experimental conditions using a standard bacterial strain of Staphylococcus aureus and compared with the behavior of uncoated textiles.The coating process conferred all textiles a good antibacterial activity. Optimal deposition conditions were elaborated to obtain sufficient antibacterial action without altering the aesthetical appearance of the textiles.The antibacterial coating retained its antibacterial activity after one cycle in a washing machine only for the Nylon based textile.
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| 34. |
- Hedberg, Jonas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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In the Search for Nanospecific Effects of Dissolution of Metallic Nanoparticles at Freshwater-Like Conditions : A Critical Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 53:8, s. 4030-4044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge on relations between particle properties and dissolution/transformation characteristics of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in freshwater is important for risk assessment and product development. This critical review aims to elucidate nanospecific effects on dissolution of metallic NPs in freshwater and similar media. Dissolution rate constants are compiled and analyzed for NPs of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), copper oxide/hydroxide (CuO, Cu(OH) 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al), showing largely varying (orders of magnitude) constants when modeled using first order kinetics. An effect of small primary sizes (<15 nm) was observed, leading to increased dissolution rate constants and solubility in some cases. However, the often extensive particle agglomeration can result in reduced nanospecific effects on dissolution and also an increased uncertainty related to the surface area, a parameter that largely influence the extent of dissolution. Promising ways to model surface areas of NPs in solution using fractal dimensions and size distributions are discussed in addition to nanospecific aspects related to other processes such as corrosion, adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM), presence of capping agents, and existence of surface defects. The importance of the experimental design on the results of dissolution experiments of metal and metal oxide NPs is moreover highlighted, including the influence of ionic metal solubility and choice of particle dispersion methodology.
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| 35. |
- Hedberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between surfactants and silver nanoparticles of varying charge
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 369:1, s. 193-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between silvernanoparticles (Ag NPs) of different surface charge and surfactants relevant to the laundry cycle has been investigated to understand changes in speciation, both in and during transport from the washing machine. Ag NPs were synthesized to exhibit either a positive or a negative surface charge in solution conditions relevant for the laundry cycle (pH 10 and pH 7). These particles were characterized in terms of size and surface charge and compared to commercially laser ablated Ag NPs. The surfactants included anionic sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), cationic dodecyltrimethylammoniumchloride (DTAC) and nonionic Berol 266 (Berol). Surfactant–Ag NP interactions were studied by means of dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, zeta potential, and Quartz Crystal Microbalance. Mixed bilayers of CTAB and LAS were formed through a co-operative adsorption process on positively charged Ag NPs with pre-adsorbed CTAB, resulting in charge reversal from positive to negative zeta potentials. Adsorption of DTAC on negatively charged synthesized Ag NPs and negatively charged commercial Ag NPs resulted in bilayer formation and charge reversal. Weak interactions were observed for nonionic Berol with all Ag NPs via hydrophobic interactions, which resulted in decreased zeta potentials for Berol concentrations above its critical micelle concentration. Differences in particle size were essentially not affected by surfactant adsorption, as the surfactant layer thicknesses did not exceed more than a few nanometers. The surfactant interaction with the Ag NP surface was shown to be reversible, an observation of particular importance for hazard and environmental risk assessments.
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| 36. |
- Hedberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of extracellular speciation and corrosion of copper nanoparticles on lung cell membrane integrity
- 2016
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 141, s. 291-300
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are increasingly used in various biologically relevant applications and products, e.g., due to their antimicrobial and catalytic properties. This inevitably demands for an improved understanding on their interactions and potential toxic effects on humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the corrosion of copper nanoparticles in various biological media and to elucidate the speciation of released copper in solution. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lung cell (A549 type II) membrane damage induced by Cu NPs in the various media were studied. The used biological media of different complexity are of relevance for nanotoxicological studies: Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), DMEM+ (includes fetal bovine serum), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and PBS + histidine. The results show that both copper release and corrosion are enhanced in DMEM+, DMEM, and PBS + histidine compared with PBS alone. Speciation results show that essentially no free copper ions are present in the released fraction of Cu NPs in neither DMEM+, DMEM nor histidine, while labile Cu complexes form in PBS. The Cu NPs were substantially more membrane reactive in PBS compared to the other media and the NPs caused larger effects compared to the same mass of Cu ions. Similarly, the Cu NPs caused much more ROS generation compared to the released fraction only. Taken together, the results suggest that membrane damage and ROS formation are stronger induced by Cu NPs and by free or labile Cu ions/complexes compared with Cu bound to biomolecules.
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| 37. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, et al.
(författare)
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Chromium-protein complexation studies by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry and MALDI-TOF-MS
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0021-891X .- 1572-8838. ; 42:5, s. 349-358
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology using stripping voltammetry has been elaborated to enable sensitive and reliable protein-chromium complexation measurements. Disturbing effects caused by adsorption of proteins on the mercury electrode were addressed. At low concentrations of proteins (< 60-85 nM), chromium-protein complexation measurements were possible. Chromium(VI) complexation was quantitatively determined using differently sized, charged, and structured proteins: serum albumin (human and bovine), lysozyme, and mucin. Generated results showed a strong relation between complexation and protein size, concentration, and the number of amino acids per protein mass. Complexation increased nonlinearly with increasing protein concentrations. The nature of this complexation was based on weak interactions judged from combined results with MALDI-TOF-MS and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry.
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| 38. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between surface physicochemical properties and the release of iron from stainless steel AISI 304 in biological media
- 2014
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 122, s. 216-222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stainless steel is widely used in biological environments, for example as implant material or in food applications, where adsorption-controlled ligand-induced metal release is of importance from a corrosion, health, and food safety perspective. The objective of this study was to elucidate potential correlations between surface energy and wettability of stainless steel surfaces and the release of iron in complexing biological media. This was accomplished by studying changes in surface energies calculated from contact angle measurements, surface oxide composition (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and released iron (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy) for stainless steel grade AISI 304 immersed in fluids containing bovine serum albumin or citric acid, and non-complexing fluids such as NaCl, NaOH, and HNO3. It was shown that the surface wettability and polar surface energy components were all influenced by adventitious atmospheric carbon (surface contamination of low molecular weight), rather than differences in surface oxide composition in non-complexing solutions. Adsorption of both BSA and citrate, which resulted in ligand-induced metal release, strongly influenced the wettability and the surface energy, and correlated well with the measured released amount of iron.
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| 39. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme with stainless steel studied by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 28:47, s. 16306-16317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in-depth mechanistic understanding of the interaction between stainless steel surfaces and proteins is essential from a corrosion and protein-induced metal release perspective when stainless steel is used in surgical implants and in food applications. The interaction between lysozyme (LSZ) from chicken egg white and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and AISI 316L stainless steel surfaces was studied ex situ by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) after different adsorption time periods (0.5, 24, and 168 h). The effect of XPS measurements, storage (aging), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and elevated temperature (up to 200 °C) on the protein layers, as well as changes in surface oxide composition, were investigated. Both BSA and LSZ adsorption induced an enrichment of chromium in the oxide layer. BSA induced significant changes to the entire oxide, while LSZ only induced a depletion of iron at the utmost layer. SDS was not able to remove preadsorbed proteins completely, despite its high concentration and relatively long treatment time (up to 36.5 h), but induced partial denaturation of the protein coatings. High-temperature treatment (200 °C) and XPS exposure (X-ray irradiation and/or photoelectron emission) induced significant denaturation of both proteins. The heating treatment up to 200 °C removed some proteins, far from all. Amino acid fragment intensities determined from ToF-SIMS are discussed in terms of significant differences with adsorption time, between the proteins, and between freshly adsorbed and aged samples. Stainless steel–protein interactions were shown to be strong and protein-dependent. The findings assist in the understanding of previous studies of metal release and surface changes upon exposure to similar protein solutions.
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| 40. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticles of WC-Co, WC, Co and Cu of relevance for traffic wear particles – Particle stability and reactivity in synthetic surface water and influence of humic matter
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 224, s. 275-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studded tyres made of tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) are in the Northern countries commonly used during the winter time. Tungsten (W)-containing nano- and micron-sized particles have been detected close to busy roads in several European countries. Other typical traffic wear particles consist of copper (Cu). The aims of this study were to investigate particle stability and transformation/dissolution properties of nanoparticles (NPs) of WC-Co compared with NPs of tungsten carbide (WC), cobalt (Co), and Cu. Their physicochemical characteristics (primarily surface oxide and charge) are compared with their extent of sedimentation and metal release in synthetic surface water (SW) with and without two different model organic molecules, 2,3- and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) mimicking certain sorption sites of humic substances, for time periods up to 22 days. The WC-Co NPs possessed a higher electrochemical and chemical reactivity in SW with and without DHBA molecules as compared with NPs of WC, Co, and Cu. Co was completely released from the WC-Co NPs within a few hours of exposure, although it remained adsorbed/bonded to the particle surface and enabled the adsorption of negatively charged DHBA molecules, in contrast with the WC NPs (no adsorption of DHBA). The DHBA molecules were found to rapidly adsorb on the Co and Cu NPs. The sedimentation of the WC and WC-Co NPs was not influenced by the presence of the 2,3- or 3,4-DHBA molecules. A slight influence (slower sedimentation) was observed for the Co NPs, and a strong influence (slower sedimentation) was observed for the Cu NPs in SW with 2,3-DHBA compared with SW alone. The extent of metal release increased in the order: WC < Cu < Co < WC-Co NPs. All NPs released more than 1 wt-% of their metal total mass. The release from the Cu NPs was most influenced by the presence of DHBA molecules.
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| 41. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda S., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical surface oxide characteristics of metal nanoparticles (Mn, Cu and Al) and the relation to toxicity
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 212, s. 360-371
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most metal nanoparticles (NPs), except noble metal NPs, rapidly form a thin surface oxide in ambient conditions. The protective properties of these oxides improve or worsen depending on the environment, e.g., the human lung. Several properties, including the chemical/electrochemical stability and defect density, determine the capacity of these surface oxides to hinder the bulk metal from further oxidation (corrosion). The aim of this study was to investigate whether electrochemical surface oxide characterization of non-functionalized base metal NPs of different characteristics (Al, Mn and Cu) can assist in understanding their bioaccessibility (metal release) in cell media (DMEM+) and their cytotoxic properties following exposure in lung epithelial (A549) cells. The composition and valence states of surface oxides of metal NPs and their electrochemical activity were investigated using an electrochemical technique based on a graphite paste electrode to perform cyclic voltammetry in buffer solutions and open circuit potential measurements in DMEM+. The electrochemical surface oxide characterization was complemented and verified by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The open circuit potential trends in DMEM+ correlated well with metal release results in the same solution, and provided information on the kinetics of oxide dissolution in the case of Cu NPs. Extensive particle agglomeration in cell medium (DMEM+) was observed by means of photon-cross correlation spectroscopy for all metal NPs, with sedimentation taking place very quickly. As a consequence, measurements of the real dose of added non-functionalized metal NPs to cell cultures for cytotoxicity testing from a sonicated stock solution were shown necessary. The cytotoxic response was found to be strongly correlated to changes in physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of the surface oxides of the metal NPs, the most potent being Cu NPs, followed by Mn NPs. No cytotoxicity was observed for Al NPs. The electrochemical surface oxide characterization corresponded well with other tools commonly used for nanotoxicological characterization and provided additional information.
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| 42. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, et al.
(författare)
-
Surface-protein interactions on different stainless steel grades : effects of protein adsorption, surface changes and metal release
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 24:4, s. 1015-1033
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implantation using stainless steels (SS) is an example where an understanding of protein-induced metal release from SS is important when assessing potential toxicological risks. Here, the protein-induced metal release was investigated for austenitic (AISI 304, 310, and 316L), ferritic (AISI 430), and duplex (AISI 2205) grades in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) solution containing either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or lysozyme (LSZ). The results show that both BSA and LSZ induce a significant enrichment of chromium in the surface oxide of all stainless steel grades. Both proteins induced an enhanced extent of released iron, chromium, nickel and manganese, very significant in the case of BSA (up to 40-fold increase), whereas both proteins reduced the corrosion resistance of SS, with the reverse situation for iron metal (reduced corrosion rates and reduced metal release in the presence of proteins). A full monolayer coverage is necessary to induce the effects observed.
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| 43. |
- Hjertberg, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal Body Mass Index and Anovaginal Distance in Active Phase of Term Labor
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : HINDAWI LTD. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. To evaluate if there was a difference in the anovaginal distance (AVD) measured by transperineal ultrasound between obese and normal weight women. Material and Methods. A prospective observational study including 207 primiparous women at term in first stage of labor. Transperineal ultrasound with a vaginal probe was used to measure the AVD. Maternal, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics potentially associated with perineal thickness were extracted from womans medical records. The participants were divided into three BMI groups based on maternal weight in early pregnancy: normal weight (BMI amp;lt; 25), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), and obesity (BMI amp;gt;= 30). Obese and overweight women were compared with normal weight women regarding the AVD. Results. The mean AVD was 24.3, 24.9, and 27.0 mm in the normal weight, overweight, and obesity group, respectively. There were no group differences in background characteristics. The AVD was significantly longer in obese women compared with normal weight women (p = 0.018). Conclusions. The observed longer AVD in obese women might be protective of the anal sphincter complex, explaining lower rates of anal sphincter injuries in this group. Further studies are indicated to evaluate whether the length of the AVD plays a role in the risk assessment of obstetric anal sphincter injury.
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| 44. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Oral Contraceptives and Sexual Function in Women-a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option A. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 101:11, s. 4046-4053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: There is a lack of knowledge about how oral contraceptives may affect sexual function.Objective: To determine whether there is a causal effect of oral contraceptives on sexuality. We hypothesized that a widely used pill impairs sexuality.Design: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Enrollment began in February 2012 and was completed in August 2015.Setting: Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.Participants: A total of 340 healthy women, aged 18-35 years, were randomized to treatment, and 332 completed the study.Interventions: A combined oral contraceptive (150 mu g levonorgestrel and 30 mu g ethinylestradiol) or placebo for 3 months of treatment.Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the aggregate score on the Profile of Female Sexual Function (PFSF). Secondary outcomes were the seven domains of the PFSF, the Sexual Activity Log, and the Personal Distress Scale.Results: Overall sexual function was similar in women in the oral contraceptive and placebo groups. The PFSF domains desire (-4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.49 to -0.38; P =.032), arousal (-5.1; 95% CI, -9.63 to -0.48; P=.030), and pleasure (-5.1; 95% CI, -9.97 to -0.32; P =.036) were significantly reduced in comparison to placebo, whereas orgasm, concern, responsiveness, and self-image were similar between groups. The mean frequency of satisfying sexual episodes and personal distress were also similar between groups.Conclusions: This study shows no negative impact of a levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptive on overall sexual function, although three of seven sexual function domains were adversely affected.
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Maria A, et al.
(författare)
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Early-Life Gut Bacteria Associate with IL-4-, IL-10- and IFN-γ Production at Two Years of Age
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:11, s. e49315-(9 pp)
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial exposure early in life influences immune maturation and potentially also the development of immune-mediated disease. Here we studied early-life gut colonization in relation to cytokine responses at two years of age. Fecal samples were collected from infants during the first two months of life. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and Bifidobacterium (B.) adolescentis, B. breve, B. bifidum, a group of lactobacilli (L. casei, L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus) as well as Staphylococcus (S.) aureus were detected with real time PCR. Peripheral mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and numbers of IL-4-, IL-10- and IFN-γ secreting cells were evaluated using ELISpot. We further stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with bacterial supernatants in vitro and assessed the IL-4-, IL-10- and IFN-γ inducing capacity by flow cytometry and ELISA. Early S. aureus colonization associated with higher numbers of IL-4- (p = 0.022) and IL-10 (p = 0.016) producing cells at two years of age. In contrast to colonization with S. aureus alone, co-colonization with lactobacilli associated with suppression of IL-4- (p = 0.004), IL-10- (p = 0.004) and IFN-γ (p = 0.034) secreting cells. In vitro stimulations of mononuclear cells with bacterial supernatants supported a suppressive role of L. rhamnosus GG on S. aureus-induced cytokine responses. We demonstrate that the early gut colonization pattern associates with the PHA-induced cytokine profile at two years of age and our in vitro findings support that specific bacterial species influence the T helper cell subsets. This suggests that dysbiosis in the early microbiota may modulate the risk of developing inflammatory conditions like allergy.
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| 46. |
- Johnsson, Åse (Allansdotter), 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Incidental findings and their handling in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioimage study (SCAPIS)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Incidental Radiological Findings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0942-5373 .- 2197-4187. - 9783319425818 - 9783319425795 - 9783319826127 ; , s. 91-101
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, large-scale proteomics/metabolomics/genomics, and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30,000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. Its main aims are to improve risk prediction and to optimize our ability to study mechanisms of cardiopulmonary diseases. SCAPIS is currently recruiting at six sites in Sweden, and a pilot study was conducted in 2012 to test the feasibility of the comprehensive study protocol. In the planning phase, it was recognized that the detailed phenotyping used in SCAPIS would identify a large number of clinical findings in need of medical attention. This was confirmed by evaluation of results from the pilot study. Here we focus on pulmonary nodules and asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis. These clinical features were observed in a large number of participants, and the clinical handing and prognosis related to these observations are unclear. They thus posed great challenges for the study in their practical and ethical handling. This chapter describes how we developed procedures to handle these findings based on existing evidence and expert consensus as well as deliberations on ethical issues.
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| 47. |
- Karabulut, Erdem, 1983-
(författare)
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Tailored layer-by-layer films of nanofibrillated cellulose
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The preparation of multifunctional films, coatings and membranes from natural, sustainable and low-cost raw materials has attracted considerable interest during the last decade. In this respect, cellulose-based products possess a great promise for research and industry due both to the availability of large amounts of material in nature and to the preparation of new classes of nano-sized and well-characterized building-blocks of cellulose from trees or annual plants. This thesis deals with the preparation of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-based layer-by-layer (LbL) films. The LbL deposition technique relies on the consecutive deposition of charged materials, in many cases polyelectrolytes, nano-particles and biological macromolecules, containing complementary charged groups from aqueous solution to form complex thin films with a thickness from nanometers to a few micrometers. The negatively charged carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils with a diameter of 3-5 nm and a length of 2-3 μm have been combined with a positively charged and hyperbranched polyelectrolyte, polyethyleneimine (PEI), to build-up multilayer films on solid substrates. In the first study, self-supporting layer-by-layer (LbL) films of anionic carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) and a cationic branched polyelectrolyte, polyethyleneimine (PEI), have been prepared and characterized in terms of their structural and mechanical properties. The consecutive build-up of PEI and NFC on a hydroxylated and trifunctional organosilanecoated silicon substrate was monitored with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and dual polarization interferometry (DPI) techniques. The hydrophobic functionalization of the supporting substrate with trichlorosilanes made it possible to easily peel off the films from the substrate and perform tensile tests using a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) method. The need to overcome some critical features of the cellulose-based materials such as weak wet-stability and high hydrophilicity was the basis of a study on nanofibril functionalization. In this respect, a biomimetic approach inspired by marine mussel threads was adopted by chemical modification of the nanofibrils with dopamine (DOPA) molecules, as shown in the second study. As expected, the colloidal, interfacial and adhesion properties of the modified NFC differed considerably from those of their non-modified analogs. The degree of chemical modification had a significant effect on the LbL film deposition as well as on the colloidal properties of the NFC in aqueous dispersions. Moreover, metal-ion-induced complexation of the catecholic groups with Fe3+ led to a strong adhesion of the thin films prepared with modified NFC to hydrophobic surfaces such as polyethylene.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lindberg, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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From COPD epidemiology to studies of pathophysiological disease mechanisms : challenges with regard to study design and recruitment process
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2001-8525. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a largely underdiagnosed disease including several phenotypes. In this report, the design of a study intending to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanism in COPD in relation to the specific phenotypes non-rapid and rapid decline in lung function is described together with the recruitment process of the study population derived from a population based study.Method: The OLIN COPD study includes a population-based COPD cohort and referents without COPD identified in 2002–04 (n = 1986), and thereafter followed annually since 2005. Lung function decline was estimated from baseline in 2002–2004 to 2010 (first recruitment phase) or to 2012/2013 (second recruitment phase). Individuals who met the predefined criteria for the following four groups were identified; group A) COPD grade 2–3 with rapid decline in FEV1 and group B) COPD grade 2–3 without rapid decline in FEV1 (≥60 and ≤30 ml/year, respectively), group C) ever-smokers, and group D) non-smokers with normal lung function. Groups A–C included ever-smokers with >10 pack years. The intention was to recruit 15 subjects in each of the groups A-D.Results: From the database groups A–D were identified; group A n = 37, group B n = 29, group C n = 41, and group D n = 55. Fifteen subjects were recruited from groups C and D, while this goal was not reached in the groups A (n = 12) and B (n = 10). The most common reasons for excluding individuals identified as A or B were comorbidities contraindicating bronchoscopy, or inflammatory diseases/immune suppressive medication expected to affect the outcome.Conclusion: The study is expected to generate important results regarding pathophysiological mechanisms associated with rate of decline in lung function among subjects with COPD and the in-detail described recruitment process, including reasons for non-participation, is a strength when interpreting the results in forthcoming studies.
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