| 1. |
- Boåsen, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A generalized probabilistic model for cleavage fracture with a length scale - Influence of stress state and application to surface cracked experiments
- 2019
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Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 214, s. 590-608
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A probabilistic model for the cumulative probability of failure by cleavage fracture with a material related length scale is further developed in this study. A new generalized effective stress measure is proposed, based on a normal stress decomposition of the stress tensor, capable of describing a state of normal stress in the range from the mean stress to the maximum principal stress. The effective stress measure associated with a material point is evaluated from the stress tensor averaged over the material related length scale. The model is shown to be well capable to predict both the fracture toughness at loss of both in-plane and out-of-plane constraint by model application to two different datasets from the open literature. The model is also shown to be well capable of predicting the probability of failure of discriminating experiments on specimens containing semi-elliptic surface cracks. A comparison where the master curve methodology is used to predict the probability of failure of the experiments is also included.
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| 2. |
- Boåsen, Magnus, 1991-
(författare)
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Modeling framework for ageing of low alloy steel
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ageing of low alloy steel in nuclear applications commonly takes the form as a hardening and an embrittlement of the material. This is due to the evolution of the microstructure during irradiation and at purely thermal conditions, as a combination or separate. Irradiation introduces evenly distributed solute clusters, while thermal ageing has been shown to yield a more inhomogeneous distribution. These clusters affect the dislocation motion within the material and results in a hardening and in more severe cases of ageing, also a decreased work hardening slope due to plastic strain localization into bands/channels. Embrittlement corresponds to decreased fracture toughness due to microstructural changes resulting from ageing. The thesis presents a possible framework for modeling of ageing effects in low alloy steels.In Paper I, a strain gradient plasticity framework is applied in order to capture length scale effects. The constitutive length scale is assumed to be related to the dislocation mean free path and the changes this undergoes during plastic deformation. Several evolution laws for the length scale were developed and implemented in a FEM-code considering 2D plane strain. This was used to solve a test problem of pure bending in order to investigate the effects of the length scale evolution. As all length scale evolution laws considered in this study results in a decreasing length scale; this leads to a loss of non-locality which causes an overall softening at cases where the strain gradient is dominating the solution. The results are in tentative agreement with phenomena of strain localization that is occurring in highly irradiated materials.In Paper II, the scalar stress measure for cleavage fracture is developed and generalized, here called the effective normal stress measure. This is used in a non-local weakest link model which is applied to two datasets from the literature in order to study the effects of the effective normal stress measure, as well as new experiments considering four-point bending of specimens containing a semi-elliptical surface crack. The model is shown to reproduce the failure probability of all considered datasets, i.e. well capable of transferring toughness information between different geometries.
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| 3. |
- Dahlberg, Carl F. O., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of the length scale in strain gradient plasticity
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of plasticity. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0749-6419 .- 1879-2154. ; 112, s. 220-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An equivalence is assumed between a microstructural length scale related to dislocation density and the constitutive length scale parameter in phenomenological strain gradient plasticity. An evolution law is formed on an incremental basis for the constitutive length scale parameter. Specific evolution equations are established through interpretations of the relation between changes in dislocation densities and increments in plastic strain and strain gradient. The length scale evolution has been implemented in a 2D-plane strain finite element method (FEM) code, which has been used to study a beam in pure bending. The main effect of the length scale evolution on the response of the beam is a decreased strain hardening, which in cases of small beam thicknesses even leads to a strain softening behavior. An intense plastic strain gradient may develop close to the neutral axis and can be interpreted as a pile-up of dislocations. The effects of the length scale evolution on the mechanical fields are compared with respect to the choice of length evolution equation.
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