| 1. |
- Dunn, R. J. H., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE : State of the Climate in 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 102:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Guerrero, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Key considerations and challenges in the application of social-network research for environmental decision making
- 2020
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Ingår i: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 34:3, s. 733-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attempts to better understand the social context in which conservation and environmental decisions are made has led to increased interest in human social networks. To improve the use of social-network analysis in conservation, we reviewed recent studies in the literature in which such methods were applied. In our review, we looked for problems in research design and analysis that limit the utility of network analysis. Nineteen of 55 articles published from January 2016 to June 2019 exhibited at least 1 of the following problems: application of analytical methods inadequate or sensitive to incomplete network data; application of statistical approaches that ignore dependency in the network; or lack of connection between the theoretical base, research question, and choice of analytical techniques. By drawing attention to these specific areas of concern and highlighting research frontiers and challenges, including causality, network dynamics, and new approaches, we responded to calls for increasing the rigorous application of social science in conservation.
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| 3. |
- Matilla-Santander, N., et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 and Precarious Employment : Consequences of the Evolving Crisis
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Services. - : Sage Publications. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 5:2, s. 226-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world of work is facing an ongoing pandemic and an economic downturn with severe effects worldwide. Workers trapped in precarious employment (PE), both formal and informal, are among those most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we call attention to at least 5 critical ways that the consequences of the crisis among workers in PE will be felt globally: (a) PE will increase, (b) workers in PE will become more precarious, (c) workers in PE will face unemployment without being officially laid off, (d) workers in PE will be exposed to serious stressors and dramatic life changes that may lead to a rise in diseases of despair, and (e) PE might be a factor in deterring the control of or in generating new COVID-19 outbreaks. We conclude that what we really need is a new social contract, where the work of all workers is recognized and protected with adequate job contracts, employment security, and social protection in a new economy, both during and after the COVID-19 crisis.
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| 4. |
- Matilla-Santander, N, et al.
(författare)
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The Relation Between Precarious Employment Arrangements and Social Precarity: Findings from the PREMIS Study in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1541-4469 .- 0020-7314. ; 52:2, s. 201-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precarious employment (PE) is a well-known social determinant of health and health inequalities. However, as most previous studies have focused on physical and mental well-being, less is known about the social-related outcomes (ie, social precarity) associated with precarious arrangements. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether PE is associated with social precarity in a working population of 401 nonstandard employed workers in Stockholm, Sweden (2016-2017). PE was assessed with the Swedish version of the Employment Precarious Scale (EPRES-Se) and analyzed in relation to social precarity related to working life (eg, task quality and job security) and living conditions (eg, restraint in social activities and financial constraints). We found positive adjusted associations between quartiles of EPRES-Se and social precarity related to working life (eg, being locked in an occupation [aPRq4:1.33 [1.10-1.61]]) and living conditions (eg, inability to participate in social activities because of work [aPRq4:1.27 [1.10-1.46]]). Our findings suggest that individuals in PE experience social precarity, stressing that PE may have negative effects on well-being. Further studies using multidimensional constructs of PE and larger samples should analyze these findings according to social and policy contexts in order to be able to inform policymakers.
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| 6. |
- Davis, R. A., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of natural resveratrol multimers as marine antifoulants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 39:8, s. 775-784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study we investigate the antifouling potential of three polyphenolic resveratrol multimers (-)-hopeaphenol, vaticanol B and vatalbinoside A, isolated from two species of Anisoptera found in the Papua New Guinean rainforest. The compounds were evaluated against the growth and settlement of eight marine microfoulers and against the settlement and metamorphosis of Amphibalanus improvisus barnacle cyprids. The two isomeric compounds (-)-hopeaphenol and vaticanol B displayed a high inhibitory potential against the cyprid larvae metamorphosis at 2.8 and 1.1 mu M. (-)-Hopeaphenol was also shown to be a strong inhibitor of both microalgal and bacterial adhesion at submicromolar concentrations with low toxicity. Resveratrol displayed a lower antifouling activity compared to the multimers and had higher off target toxicity against MCR-5 fibroblasts. This study illustrates the potential of natural products as a valuable source for the discovery of novel antifouling leads with low toxicity.
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| 7. |
- Ekström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Insufficient mixing of thawed serum samples leading to erroneous results - experience from a field study and use of a correction procedure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 80:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incorrect analysis results that are close to expected might not be recognized in scientific studies or routine patient care. In two field studies we obtained unexpected results in a large number of samples. The present study aimed to identify the source of error in the samples from these studies and to validate a method to obtain correct results. Pre-analytical procedures were scrutinized, giving no indications of inappropriate pre-analytical sample handling in the field or during transport in a tropical climate. Using a new set of samples from volunteers in simulation experiments, we observed the known concentration gradient of analytes sampled in gel as well as plain tubes after freezer storage and thawing. Experiments demonstrated that mixing of samples by vortexing alone was not sufficient to disrupt the gradient formed by freezing and thawing, which appeared to cause the problem encountered when we in field studies analyzed and biobanked large sample sets by robot pipetting. A correction procedure was introduced, in which the obtained value of an analyte was multiplied by a correction factor calculated for each sample using the expected sodium level (140 mmol/L) divided by the measured sodium value. When it was validated on results from the simulation experiments, we repeatedly found that the correction lead to results very close to true values for analytes of different size and charge. Usefulness of the procedure was demonstrated when applied to a large set of field study results.
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| 12. |
- Wikström, Sofia A., et al.
(författare)
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Ekosystemansatsen – praktiska erfarenheter från svensk havs- och vattenförvaltning
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten sammanfattar resultaten från forskningsprojektet ”Ekosystemansatsen – praktiska erfarenheter och nästa steg”. Projektet har undersökt erfarenheter av det praktiska införandet av ekosystembaserad havs-, vattenoch fiskförvaltning i Sverige, utifrån publicerad litteratur och intervjuer med nyckelpersoner i Sverige, Tyskland, Norge och USA. Sammanställningen visar att Sverige tagit flera steg mot en mer ekosystembaserad förvaltning, men pekar också på svårigheter. En viktig erfarenhet är att ekosystembaserad förvaltning ställer höga krav på samverkan och kommunikation mellan aktörer och att en stabil och tillräcklig finansiering är en viktig förutsättning. Det finns behov av en tydligare styrning och uppföljning från centrala myndigheter, en mer långsiktig finansiering och tydligare processer för kunskapsutbyte mellan olika aktörer. Det finns även ett behov av att kartlägga bristande överensstämmelse mellan olika sektorslagstiftningar och olika samhällsmål och att diskutera målkonflikter på nationell nivå. Implementeringen av åtgärdsprogram och planer behöver stärkas genom att berörda aktörer ges ett tydligt ansvar för att förvaltningsmål uppfylls och för en ambitiös uppföljning av framsteg mot målen. Det vore också önskvärt att vidareutveckla indikatorer för ekosystembaserad förvaltning som kvantitativt mäter framstegen mot dess principer.
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| 13. |
- Öhman, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Unsupervised mobile app-based cognitive testing in a population-based study of older adults born 1944
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Digital Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-253X. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mobile app-based tools have the potential to yield rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive measures for detecting dementia-related cognitive impairment in clinical and research settings. At the same time, there is a substantial need to validate these tools in real-life settings. The primary aim of this study was thus to evaluate the feasibility, validity, and reliability of mobile app-based tasks for assessing cognitive function in a population-based sample of older adults. Method: A total of 172 non-demented (Clinical Dementia Rating 0 and 0.5) older participants (aged 76–77) completed two mobile app-based memory tasks—the Mnemonic Discrimination Task for Objects and Scenes (MDT-OS) and the long-term (24h) delayed Object-In-Room Recall Task (ORR-LDR). To determine the validity of the tasks for measuring relevant cognitive functions in this population, we assessed relationships with conventional cognitive tests. In addition, psychometric properties, including test-retest reliability, and the participants’ self-rated experience with mobile app-based cognitive tasks were assessed. Result: MDT-OS and ORR-LDR were weakly-to-moderately correlated with the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC5) (r = 0.3–0.44, p <.001) and with several other measures of episodic memory, processing speed, and executive function. Test-retest reliability was poor–to-moderate for one single session but improved to moderate–to-good when using the average of two sessions. We observed no significant floor or ceiling effects nor effects of education or gender on task performance. Contextual factors such as distractions and screen size did not significantly affect task performance. Most participants deemed the tasks interesting, but many rated them as highly challenging. While several participants reported distractions during tasks, most could concentrate well. However, there were difficulties in completing delayed recall tasks on time in this unsupervised and remote setting. Conclusion: Our study proves the feasibility of mobile app-based cognitive assessments in a community sample of older adults, demonstrating its validity in relation to conventional cognitive measures and its reliability for repeated measurements over time. To further strengthen study adherence, future studies should implement additional measures to improve task completion on time.
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