| 1. |
- van de Sande-Bruinsma, Nienke, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial drug use and resistance in Europe
- 2008
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 14:11, s. 1722-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study confronts the use of antimicrobial agents in ambulatory care with the resistance trends of 2 major pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, in 21 European countries in 2000-2005 and explores whether the notion that antimicrobial drug use determines resistance can be supported by surveillance data at national aggregation levels. The data obtained from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption and the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System suggest that variation of consumption coincides with the occurrence of resistance at the country level. Linear regression analysis showed that the association between antimicrobial drug use and resistance was specific and robust for 2 of 3 compound pathogen combinations, stable over time, but not sensitive enough to explain all of the observed variations. Ecologic studies based on routine surveillance data indicate a relation between use and resistance and support interventions designed to reduce antimicrobial drug consumption at a national level in Europe.
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| 2. |
- Antoniou, A C, et al.
(författare)
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Breast and ovarian cancer risks to carriers of the BRCA1 5382insC and 185delAG and BRCA2 6174delT mutations: a combined analysis of 22 population based studies
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 42:7, s. 602-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent report estimated the breast cancer risks in carriers of the three Ashkenazi founder mutations to be higher than previously published estimates derived from population based studies. In an attempt to confirm this, the breast and ovarian cancer risks associated with the three Ashkenazi founder mutations were estimated using families included in a previous meta-analysis of populatrion based studies. The estimated breast cancer risks for each of the founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were similar to the corresponding estimates based on all BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in the meta-analysis. These estimates appear to be consistent with the observed prevalence of the mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.
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| 3. |
- Antoniou, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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The BOADICEA model of genetic susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers: updates and extensions
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 98:8, s. 1457-1466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple genetic loci confer susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers. We have previously developed a model (BOADICEA) under which susceptibility to breast cancer is explained by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as by the joint multiplicative effects of many genes ( polygenic component). We have now updated BOADICEA using additional family data from two UK population-based studies of breast cancer and family data from BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers identified by 22 population-based studies of breast or ovarian cancer. The combined data set includes 2785 families ( 301 BRCA1 positive and 236 BRCA2 positive). Incidences were smoothed using locally weighted regression techniques to avoid large variations between adjacent intervals. A birth cohort effect on the cancer risks was implemented, whereby each individual was assumed to develop cancer according to calendar period-specific incidences. The fitted model predicts that the average breast cancer risks in carriers increase in more recent birth cohorts. For example, the average cumulative breast cancer risk to age 70 years among BRCA1 carriers is 50% for women born in 1920 - 1929 and 58% among women born after 1950. The model was further extended to take into account the risks of male breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer, and to allow for the risk of multiple cancers. BOADICEA can be used to predict carrier probabilities and cancer risks to individuals with any family history, and has been implemented in userfriendly Web-based program(http://www.srl.cam.ac.uk/genepi/boadicea/boadicea_home. html).
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bichao, H., et al.
(författare)
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Five types of olfactory receptor neurons in the strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi : Selective responses to inducible host-plant volatiles
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 30:2, s. 153-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants release hundreds of volatiles that are important in the interaction with herbivorous animals, but which odorants are detected by which species? In this study, single receptor neurons on the antenna of the oligophagous strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi were screened for sensitivity to naturally produced plant compounds by the use of gas chromatography linked to electrophysiological recordings from single cells. The narrow tuning of the neurons was demonstrated by responses solely to a few structurally related sesquiterpenes, aromatics or monoterpene hydrocarbons out of hundreds of plant constituents tested. We present five olfactory receptor neuron types, identified according to one primary odorant i.e. the compound to which the neurons are most sensitive. These odorants, (-)-germacrene D, (-)-beta-caryophyllene, methyl salicylate, E-beta-ocimene and (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, present in the intact strawberry plant, are induced in higher amounts by weevil feeding. This suggests that these compounds can provide information about the presence of conspecifics. We used protocols especially designed to allow comparison with previously investigated species. Striking similarities, but also differences, are demonstrated between receptor neuron specificity in the strawberry weevil and moths.
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| 6. |
- Bichao, H., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular receptive ranges of olfactory receptor neurones responding selectively to terpenoids, aliphatic green leaf volatiles and aromatic compounds, in the strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 15:4, s. 211-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important question in insect-plant interactions is which of the numerous plant compounds contribute to the perception of odour qualities in herbivorous insects and are likely to be used as cues in host-searching behaviour. In order to identify which plant-produced volatiles the strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi detects, we have used electrophysiological recordings from single olfactory neurones linked to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. We here present 15 receptor neurone types specialised for naturally produced compounds present in the host and nonhost plants and two types for two aggregation pheromone components. The active compounds were terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic esters, alcohols and aldehydes, some of which are induced by feeding activity of the weevils. The neurones were characterised by a strong response to one or two primary odorants and weaker responses to a few others having similar chemical structure. With one exception, the molecular receptive range of each neurone type was within one chemical group. Enantiomers of linalool separated on a chiral column activated two neurone types with different enantioselectivity. Inhibition by linalool of another neurone type, excited by alpha-pinene, indicated an additional mechanism for coding the information about this compound. Altogether, detection of 54 compounds by olfactory receptor neurones is shown, of which 40 have been chemically identified in this study. Thus A. rubi has the ability to detect a large number of odorants that may be used in host selection behaviour.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lindberg, Påvel, et al.
(författare)
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Wallerian degeneration of the corticofugal tracts in chronic stroke : A pilot study relating diffusion tensor imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and hand function
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. - : SAGE Publications. - 1545-9683 .- 1552-6844. ; 21:6, s. 551-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. This study tested the hypothesis that degeneration of the corticofugal tracts (CFTs) is related to poor functional outcome in the upper limb after stroke. Methods. The authors used diffusion tensor imaging to determine the degree of white matter integrity of the CFT (FAAH/UH) in chronic stroke patients and controls. The functional integrity of the corticospinal pathway was examined using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Recruitment curves and silent period duration were measured. The relationship between FA AH/UH and functional outcome of the upper limb was also assessed using a battery of upper limb function tests. Results. In patients, FA AH/UH correlated positively with the slope of recruitment curves (RC AH/UH) and grip strength. FAAH/UH also correlated negatively with the silent period duration (SPAH/UH). According to the FA AH/UH, patients were also classified into groups with minimal or extensive Wallerian degeneration (WD). Patients with more extensive WD had poorer grip strength, dexterity, and range of movement. Conclusions. The authors' results suggest that structural and functional integrity of the CFT is essential to maintain function of the upper limb after stroke.
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| 10. |
- Balciuniene, Jorune, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrent 10q22-q23 deletions: a genomic disorder on 10q associated with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 80:5, s. 938-947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-copy repeats (LCRs) are genomic features that affect chromosome stability and can produce disease-associated rearrangements. We describe members of three families with deletions in 10q22.3-q23.31, a region harboring a complex set of LCRs, and demonstrate that rearrangements in this region are associated with behavioral and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including cognitive impairment, autism, hyperactivity, and possibly psychiatric disease. Fine mapping of the deletions in members of all three families by use of a custom 10q oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (NimbleGen) and polymerase chain reaction - based methods demonstrated a different deletion in each family. In one proband, the deletion breakpoints are associated with DNA fragments containing noncontiguous sequences of chromosome 10, whereas, in the other two families, the breakpoints are within paralogous LCRs, removing similar to 7.2 Mb and 32 genes. Our data provide evidence that the 10q22-q23 genomic region harbors one or more genes important for cognitive and behavioral development and that recurrent deletions affecting this interval define a novel genomic disorder.
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| 11. |
- Begg, Colin B, et al.
(författare)
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Variation of breast cancer risk among BRCA1/2 carriers
- 2008
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Ingår i: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598. ; 299:2, s. 194-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has been examined in many studies, but relatively little attention has been paid to the degree to which the risk may vary among carriers. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers vary with respect to observable and unobservable characteristics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Probands were identified from a population-based, case-control study (Women's Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology [WECARE]) of asynchronous contralateral breast cancer conducted during the period of January 2000 to July 2004. Participants previously diagnosed with contralateral breast cancer or unilateral breast cancer were genotyped for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. All participants had their initial breast cancer diagnosed during the period of January 1985 to December 2000, before the age of 55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of breast cancer in first-degree female relatives of the probands was examined and compared on the basis of proband characteristics and on the basis of variation between families. RESULTS: Among the 1394 participants with unilateral breast cancer, 73 (5.2%) were identified as carriers of deleterious mutations (42 with BRCA1 and 31 with BRCA2). Among the 704 participants with contralateral breast cancer, 108 (15.3%) were identified as carriers of deleterious mutations (67 with BRCA1 and 41 with BRCA2). Among relatives of carriers, risk was significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis in the proband (P = .04), and there was a trend toward higher risk for relatives of contralateral breast cancer vs unilateral breast cancer participants (odds ratio, 1.4 [95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.4]; P = .28). In addition, there were significant differences in risk between carrier families after adjusting for these observed characteristics. CONCLUSION: There exists broad variation in breast cancer risk among carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
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| 12. |
- Bergqvist, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and microarray-based RNA expression of HER2 in relation to outcome
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 18:5, s. 845-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Our aim was to use quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and RNA expression profiles (RNA-EPs) to investigate HER2 status in relation to outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cut-off levels for Q-PCR and RNA-EP were established in relation to immunohistochemistry (IHC) validated by FISH in a test set of frozen tissue samples from 40 primary breast cancers. The HER2 status was subsequently studied in another validation set of 306 tumors, where Q-PCR and RNA-EP results were compared with previously carried out IHC that we had validated by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). RESULTS: Q-PCR and RNA-EP offered similar sensitivity (90% versus 77%), specificity (93% versus 95%), and negative (99% versus 98%) and positive (63% versus 61%) predictive values for HER2 determinations. Analyses of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival on the basis of 5 and 10 years of follow-up indicated equivalent hazard ratios for all three techniques. In contrast to IHC/CISH, both Q-PCR and RNA-EP analyses of HER2 also gave statistically significant results regarding RFS and breast cancer-corrected survival after 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The use of RNA-EP and Q-PCR to analyze HER2 in frozen and formalin-fixed breast cancer samples may be an alternate approach to IHC in combination with FISH/CISH.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Borg, K. I., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of non-linear kinetics on free convection in an electrochemical cell with a porous separator
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0021-891X .- 1572-8838. ; 37:11, s. 1287-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial evolution of the ionic concentration of an electrolyte in an isothermal electrochemical cell with a porous separator between the electrodes was investigated for large values of Rayleigh number. The reaction kinetics were described by the Butler-Volmer equation. The full problem, involving the coupled partial differential equations describing the velocity field, the ionic concentration, and the electric potential, was reduced by means of regular and singular perturbation theory, to a simplified evolution equation, coupled with a transcendental function for the ionic concentration and electric potential; the solution was found to agree well with the numerical solution of the full problem. In the limit of large and small cell voltages, closed analytical solutions were secured for the concentration, potential, and overall current density.
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| 19. |
- Borg, Karl I., et al.
(författare)
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Orbital effects of the Magnus force on a spinning spherical satellite in a rarefied atmosphere
- 2008
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Ingår i: European journal of mechanics. B, Fluids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0997-7546 .- 1873-7390. ; 27:5, s. 623-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of the Magnus force on a spinning sphere in a Keplerian orbit is investigated using perturbation theory. The result is that the plane of the orbit will rotate with the angular velocity - 1/4 alpha(tau)mn/rho(S)omega, where alpha(tau) is the accommodation coefficient of tangential momentum, m and It are the mass and number density of the surrounding gas, and where rho S and omega are the mean density and the angular velocity of the sphere. It is shown that under reasonable assumptions, for a spinning satellite in the Earth's atmosphere, this effect is small.
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| 20. |
- Borg, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Thermophoretic motion of bodies with axial symmetry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 40:1, s. 148-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermophoresis of axially symmetric bodies is investigated to first order in the Knudsen number, Kn. The study is made in the limit where the typical length of the immersed body is small compared with the mean free path. It is shown that in this case, in contrast to what is the case for spherical bodies, the arising thermal force on the body is not in general anti-parallel to the temperature gradient. It is also shown that the gas exerts a torque on the body, which in magnitude and direction depends on the body geometry. Equations of motion describing the body movement are derived. Stationary solutions are studied.
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| 21. |
- Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Antifeedants in the feces of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis : Identification and biological activity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 32:5, s. 943-957
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Egg-laying females of the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), regularly deposit feces adjacent to each egg. Egg cavities are gnawed in the bark of roots of recently dead conifer trees. After egg deposition, the cavity is sealed by feces and a plug of bark fragments. Root bark containing egg cavities with feces is avoided as food by pine weevils, which indicates the presence of natural antifeedants. Here we present the first results of the isolation and chemical analyses of antifeedant compounds in the feces of H. abietis. In feeding bioassays, methanol extracts of the feces revealed strong antifeedant properties. Methanol extracts were fractionated by medium-pressure liquid chromatography and the antifeedant effects were mainly found in the fractions of highest polarity. Volatile compounds in the active fractions were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the nonvolatile compounds were characterized by pyrolysis-GC-MS. Based on mass spectra, a number of compounds with various chemical structures were selected to be tested for their antifeedant properties. Antifeedant effects were found among compounds apparently originating from lignin: e.g., a methylanisol, guaiacol, veratrol, dihydroxybenzenes, and dihydroconiferyl alcohol. A weak effect by fatty acid derivatives was found. The types of naturally occurring antifeedant compounds identified in this study may become useful for the protection of planted conifer seedlings against damage by H. abietis.
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| 22. |
- Borg, Sixten, et al.
(författare)
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The cost-effectiveness of treatment with erythropoietin compared to red blood cell transfusions for patients with chemotherapy induced anaemia: a Markov model.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 47:6, s. 1009-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a common complication of chemotherapy. As anaemia can lead to e.g. fatigue, depression, social isolation and chest pain it diminishes physical capacity and quality of life. It is generally accepted that symptomatic anaemia should be corrected. Treatment options include red blood cell transfusion (RBCT), erythropoietin (EPO) administration or a combination of both. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment with EPO (epoetin alfa), compared to treatment with RBCT for patients with chemotherapy-induced anaemia in Sweden from a health care perspective. METHOD: A model was developed for estimating incremental costs and QALY gains associated with EPO treatment compared to treatment with RBCTs, based on a model commissioned by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and adjusted to reflect Swedish treatment practice. Data regarding patient characteristics, response rates, and RBCT was derived from a Swedish observational study of EPO treatment in cancer patients with chemotherapy related anaemia. Swedish guidelines and unit costs were used throughout the study. A systematic review of EPO for treatment of anaemia associated with cancer was used to estimate QALY gains associated with changes in Hb-concentrations in our model. RESULTS: The model's results validate well to real world data from three major hospitals in Sweden. The cost per QALY gained from administration of EPO was estimated at EUR 24,700 in the base case analysis. Practicing an EPO treatment target Hb-level of 12 g/dl yields a cost per QALY about 40% lower than practicing a Hb-target level of 13 g/dl, which is in agreement with updated recommendations of using a 12 g/dl target. CONCLUSION: The estimated cost per QALY falls well within the range acceptable in Sweden when practicing a Hb-target level of 12 g/dl. The incremental cost of elevating Hb-levels above 13 g/dl is very high in relation to the incremental QALY gain achieved.
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| 23. |
- Couch, Fergus J., et al.
(författare)
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AURKA F31I polymorphism and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: A consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/2 study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 16:7, s. 1416-1421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AURKA oncogene is associated with abnormal chromosome segregation and aneuploidy and predisposition to cancer. Amplification of AURKA has been detected at higher frequency in tumors from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers than in sporadic breast tumors, suggesting that overexpression of AURKA and inactivation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 cooperate during tumor development and progression. The F31I polymorphism in AURKA has been associated with breast cancer risk in the homozygous state in prior studies. We evaluated whether the AURKA F31I polymorphism modifies breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 was established to provide sufficient statistical power through increased numbers of mutation carriers to identify polymorphisms that act as modifiers of cancer risk and can refine breast cancer risk estimates in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. A total of 4,935 BRCA1 and 2,241 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 11 individuals carrying both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations was genotyped for F31I. Overall, homozygosity for the 311 allele was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers combined [hazard ratio (HR), 0.91; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.77-1.061. Similarly, no significant association was seen in BRCA1 (HR, 0.90; 95% Cl, 0.75-1.08) or BRCA2 carriers (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67-1.29) or when assessing the modifying effects of either bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy or menopausal status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. In summary, the F31I polymorphism in AURKA is not associated with a modified risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Elofsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Stickelback sperm saved by ovarian fluid
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 209, s. 4230-4237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sperm of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus display a prolonged motility in the presence of ovarian fluid. The ovarian fluid prolongs sperm motility in freshwater from approximately 1 min to several hours, a trait that possibly gives the stickleback its unusual ability to spawn in waters of all salinities. The aim of the study was to look for factor(s) within the ovarian fluid responsible for prolonging sperm motility as well as to investigate the possible biological importance of the ovarian fluid under natural conditions. To that end, we measured the ionic content (Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ and K+) of the ovarian fluid and prepared ionic artificial ovarian fluids. We also prepared a mannitol solution with the same osmolality as the ovarian fluid in order to distinguish between the ionic and osmotic effect. We found that the ionic artificial fluids were equally effective as the natural ovarian fluid in prolonging sperm motility and survival over a range of concentrations, whereas the mannitol solution was far less effective. By insertion of natural ovarian fluid or ovarian fluid from which macromolecules had been removed by ultra filtration in nests it was found that macromolecules help by retaining ions. We also found that ovarian fluid in water, at concentrations as low as 0.75 and 1.56%, prolonged sperm motility and that the concentration of ions (Na+) present in the nest 15 min after spawning corresponded to at least 3% ovarian fluid. Previous fertilisation experiments have shown that it takes at least 15 min for stickleback sperm to fertilise all eggs in a batch. This indicates that the role of ovarian fluid in prolonging the sperm motility is biologically relevant and that the effect is exerted by the fluid's ionic content.
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| 27. |
- Fernebro, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression profiles relate to SS18/SSX fusion type in synovial sarcoma
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 118:5, s. 1165-1172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We applied 27k spotted cDNA microarray slides to assess gene expression profiles in 26 samples from 24 patients with synovial sarcomas (SS). The data were analyzed in relation to histopathologic type, cytogenetic aberrations, gene fusion type and development of distant metastases. Supervised analysis based on gene fusion type in 12 SS with SS18/SSXI and 9 with SS18/SSX2 revealed significant differences in gene expression profiles. Among the discriminators were several genes that have previously been found to be upregulated in SS, including AXL, ZIC2, SPAG7, AGRN, FOXC1, NCAM1 and multiple metallothioneins. Histopathology and degree of cytogenetic complexity did not significantly influence expression, whereas a genetic signature that related to development of metastases could be discerned, albeit with a high false-positive rate. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate differentially expressed genes for the 2 major gene fusion variants in SS, SS18/SSX1 and SS18/SSX2, and thereby suggest that these result in different downstream effects. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gruvberger, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor beta expression is associated with tamoxifen response in ER alpha-negative breast carcinoma
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 13:7, s. 1987-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen, are commonly given to most patients with estrogen receptor (ERalpha)-positive breast carcinoma but are not indicated for persons with ERalpha-negative cancer. The factors responsible for response to tamoxifen in 5% to 10% of patients with ERalpha-negative tumors are not clear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the biology and prognostic role of the second ER, ERbeta, in patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated ERbeta by immunohistochemistry in 353 stage II primary breast tumors from patients treated with 2 years adjuvant tamoxifen, and generated gene expression profiles for a representative subset of 88 tumors.RESULTS: ERbeta was associated with increased survival (distant disease-free survival, P = 0.01; overall survival, P = 0.22), and in particular within ERalpha-negative patients (P = 0.003; P = 0.04), but not in the ERalpha-positive subgroup (P = 0.49; P = 0.88). Lack of ERbeta conferred early relapse (hazard ratio, 14; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-106; P = 0.01) within the ERalpha-negative subgroup even after adjustment for other markers. ERalpha was an independent marker only within the ERbeta-negative tumors (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.89; P = 0.02). An ERbeta gene expression profile was identified and was markedly different from the ERalpha signature.CONCLUSION: Expression of ERbeta is an independent marker for favorable prognosis after adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in ERalpha-negative breast cancer patients and involves a gene expression program distinct from ERalpha. These results may be highly clinically significant, because in the United States alone, approximately 10,000 women are diagnosed annually with ERalpha-negative/ERbeta-positive breast carcinoma and may benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen.
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| 32. |
- Gustafson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of a thin oxide film on Rh(100)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 71:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The initial oxidation of Rh(100) has been studied using high resolution core level spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, surface x-ray diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory. We report a structural study of an oxygen induced structure displaying a c(8x2) periodicity at an oxygen pressure above 10(-5) mbar and using a sample temperature of 700 K. Our experimental and theoretical data demonstrate that this structure is due to the formation of a thin surface oxide with a hexagonal trilayer O-Rh-O structure.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Karp, A, et al.
(författare)
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Mental, physical and social components in leisure activities equally contribute to decrease dementia risk
- 2006
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 21:2, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is accumulating evidence in the literature that leisure engagement has a beneficial effect on dementia. Most studies have grouped activities according to whether they were predominantly mental, physical or social. Since many activities contain more than one component, we aimed to verify the effect of all three major components on the dementia risk, as well as their combined effect. Methods: A mental, social and physical component score was estimated for each activity by the researchers and a sample of elderly persons. The correlation between the ratings of the authors and the means of the elderly subjects' ratings was 0.86. The study population consisted of 776 nondemented subjects, aged 75 years and above, living in Stockholm, Sweden, who were still nondemented after 3 years and were followed for 3 more years to detect incident dementia cases. Results: Multi-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of dementia for subjects with higher mental, physical and social component score sums were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.49-1.03), 0.61 (95% CI: 0.42-0.87) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47-0.99), respectively. The most beneficial effect was present for subjects with high scores in all or in two of the components (RR of dementia = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36-0.78). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a broad spectrum of activities containing more than one of the components seems to be more beneficial than to be engaged in only one type of activity
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| 35. |
- Karppinen, S. -M., et al.
(författare)
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Nordic collaborative study of the BARD1 Cys557Ser allele in 3956 patients with cancer: enrichment in familial BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation-negative breast cancer but not in other malignancies
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 43:11, s. 856-862
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: BARD1 was originally identified as a BRCA1- interacting protein but has also been described in tumour-suppressive functions independent of BRCA1. Several studies have indicated that the BARD1 gene is a potential target for germline changes predisposing to breast and ovarian cancer. The C- terminal Cys557Ser change has previously been uncovered to associate with an increased risk of breast cancer and was recently shown to result in defective apoptotic activities. Aim and methods: Conformation- sensitive gel electrophoresis, minisequencing, TaqMan assays, denaturing high- performance liquid chromatography analysis and DNA sequencing were used to investigate the prevalence of the Cys557Ser allele in a large Nordic case - control study cohort consisting of 2906 patients with breast or ovarian cancer, 734 with prostate cancer, 188 with colorectal cancer, 128 men with breast cancer, and 3591 controls from Finland, Iceland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Results: The frequency of the BARD1 Cys557Ser variant seemed to increase among patients from families with breast or ovarian cancer lacking BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations: a significant difference was obtained compared with controls ( 6.8% v 2.7%; p < 0.001; odds ratio ( OR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7 to 4.0) and with patients from BRCA1/ BRCA2 mutation- positive families ( 6.8% v 2.2%; p = 0.01; OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 8.3). In contrast, no major association with male breast, ovarian, colorectal or prostate cancer was observed. Additionally, a novel BARD1 allele resulting in Ser558Pro was identified in familial breast cancer cases. Conclusion: These results provide further evidence that BARD1 Cys557Ser confers a slightly increased risk of breast cancer in women.
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| 36. |
- Lindberg, Påvel G., et al.
(författare)
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Use-dependent up- and down-regulation of sensorimotor brain circuits in stroke patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. - : SAGE Publications. - 1545-9683 .- 1552-6844. ; 21:4, s. 315-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To examine whether cerebral activity during passive movements decreases with time after stroke, and if reduced activity in the representation for the upper extremity can be reversed with training. Methods. Brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during passive wrist flexion-extension in 7 patients at varying time points after stroke, in a cross-sectional design. Upper limb function was also measured in all patients. Five of the patients took part in a training program and were measured again, behaviorally and with fMRI posttraining. Healthy control individuals of comparable age were also studied. Results. In patients, reduced activity over time after stroke was found for the group in the supplementary motor area (SMA), contralateral primary motor cortex, and prefrontal and parietal association areas along with ipsilateral cerebellum. Activity in most of these areas was also reduced in the patient group as compared to the control group. After a half-hour of daily training for 4 weeks with repetitive passive and active arm movements, cerebral activation increased in the pre-SMA and SMA, ipsilateral primary sensory cortex and intraparietal sulcus, and contralateral cerebellum in parallel with functional improvements of the upper limb. Areas common to both analyses included the SMA, pre-SMA, primary sensory cortex, intraparietal sulcus, and cerebellum. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that a down-regulation of sensorimotor activity occurs progressively over time as a result of inactivity and that training may reverse the reduced brain activity.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Osoegawa, K., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of novel candidate genes associated with cleft lip and palate using array comparative genomic hybridisation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 45:2, s. 81-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim and method: We analysed DNA samples isolated from individuals born with cleft lip and cleft palate to identify deletions and duplications of candidate gene loci using array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH). Results: Of 83 syndromic cases analysed we identified one subject with a previously unknown 2.7 Mb deletion at 22q11.21 coinciding with the DiGeorge syndrome region. Eighteen of the syndromic cases had clinical features of Van der Woude syndrome and deletions were identified in five of these, all of which encompassed the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene. In a series of 104 non-syndromic cases we found one subject with a 3.2 Mb deletion at chromosome 6q25.1-25.2 and another with a 2.2 Mb deletion at 10q26.11-26.13. Analyses of parental DNA demonstrated that the two deletion cases at 22q11.21 and 6q25.1-25.2 were de novo, while the deletion of 10q26.11-26.13 was inherited from the mother, who also has a cleft lip. These deletions appear likely to be causally associated with the phenotypes of the subjects. Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) genes from the 6q25.1-25.2 and 10q26.11-26.13, respectively, were identified as likely causative genes using a gene prioritisation software. Conclusion: We have shown that array-CGH analysis of DNA samples derived from cleft lip and palate subjects is an efficient and productive method for identifying candidate chromosomal loci and genes, complementing traditional genetic mapping strategies.
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| 39. |
- Paillard-Borg, Stéphanie, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure activities in late life in relation to dementia risk : principal component analysis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 28:2, s. 136-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To explore the underlying dimensions of a set of interrelated lifestyle factors and test the hypothesis that an active lifestyle may protect against dementia. METHODS: The study population consisted of 776 participants aged >or=75 years who were dementia-free at both baseline and the first follow-up examinations. Participation in leisure activities was assessed at baseline of the survey, and principal component analysis was used to identify their underlying factors. RESULTS: During the 9-year follow-up from exposure assessment, 212 subjects developed dementia. Higher factor scores of physical, mental, and social dimensions of an active lifestyle was each related to a lower dementia risk. A significant dose-response association between participation in the diverse dimensions and lower dementia risk was observed. CONCLUSION: An active lifestyle may protect older people against dementia, and the higher level of engagement the stronger protection.
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| 40. |
- Paillard-Borg, Stéphanie, et al.
(författare)
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Pattern of participation in leisure activities among older people in relation to their health conditions and contextual factors : a survey in a Swedish urban area
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 29:5, s. 803-821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to describe the pattern of participation in leisure activities in an older population in relation to contextual factors as well as to mental and physical health. A cohort of 1,623 participants aged 75 or older living in Stockholm, Sweden was asked to list all the leisure activities they were engaged in. These were successively organised into 31 major categories and further grouped into mental, social, physical, productive and recreational types. The pattern of participation was examined in relation to age, gender, contextual factors (education, social network) and health status (depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, dementia, somatic diseases and physical limitation). In spite of their advanced age, the majority of the population was active, as 70 per cent had participated in at least one activity. Reading (19%) was the most prevalent individual activity, and mental activities (43%) the most prevalent activity type. Older age, female gender, low education status, having a poor or limited social network, mental disorders, and physical limitation, were all factors correlated with a decreased engagement in 'at least one activity '. Contextual factors and health-related factors were related to the five activity types in different ways. The pattern of participation in leisure activities is associated with multiple factors and their recognition is essential to the facilitation of an active lifestyle in the older population
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| 41. |
- Reed, Mark S., et al.
(författare)
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The future of the uplands
- 2009
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier Limited. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 26:Supplement 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Upland areas provide UK society with many important functions, goods and services, but have experienced a number of disturbing trends and face an uncertain future. This paper outlines historic, current and future drivers of environmental, economic, socio-cultural and policy change in UK uplands, and assesses how these have affected or are likely to affect ways in which land is used and the provision of ecosystem services. Information is synthesised into scenarios summarising a range of possible futures anticipated for UK uplands to 2060 and beyond. Finally, innovations in science, technology, governance and policy are evaluated that could enable uplands to continue providing key ecosystem services under a range of scenarios. The paper concludes that many upland areas will need to be prepared for significant reductions in grazing and prescribed burning. Conversely, other areas could experience agricultural intensification, for example significant increases in grazing or an expansion of arable or bioenergy crops into upland valleys, due to anticipated increases in global demand for food and energy. These scenarios will take place in the context of climate change. Many may take place together and may interact with each other, with complex and unpredictable implications for the upland environment, economy and society. In this context, a number of advances are needed in science, technology and policy to maintain viable uplandcommunities and the future provision of ecosystem services. These may include funding for ecological and hydrological restoration via carbon offsetting or other means. It may also involve advances in ecosystem service modelling, mapping and valuation, which through stakeholder participation could facilitate more integrated rural planning. New forms of environmental governance need to be explored that can empower those interested in developing upland economies to maintain thriving upland communities, while managing the ecosystem services they provide as efficiently as possible.
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| 42. |
- Rostelien, T., et al.
(författare)
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Olfactory receptor neurons in two heliothine moth species responding selectively to aliphatic green leaf volatiles, aromatic compounds, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes of plant origin
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 30:5, s. 443-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moths of the subfamily Heliothinae are suitable models for comparative studies of plant odour information encoded by the olfactory system. Here we identify and functionally classify types of olfactory receptor neurons by means of electrophysiological recordings from single receptor neurons linked to gas chromatography and to mass spectrometry. The molecular receptive ranges of 14 types in the two polyphagous species Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa armigera are presented. The receptor neurons are characterized by a narrow tuning, showing the best response to one primary odorant and weak responses to a few chemically related compounds. The most frequently occurring of the 14 types constituted the receptor neurons tuned to (+)-linalool, the enantioselectivity of which was shown by testing two samples with opposite enantiomeric ratios. These neurons, also responding to dihydrolinalool, were found to be functionally similar in the two related species. The primary odorants for 10 other receptor neuron types were identified as (3Z)-hexenyl acetate, (+)-3-carene, trans-pinocarveol, trans-verbenol, vinylbenzaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, methyl benzoate, alpha-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, respectively. Most odorants were present in several host and non-host plant species, often in trace amounts. The specificity as well as the co-localization of particular neuron types so far recorded in both species showed similarities of the olfactory systems receiving plant odour information in these two species of heliothine moths.
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| 43. |
- Saal, Lao, et al.
(författare)
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PIK3CA mutations correlate with hormone receptors, node metastasis, and ERBB2, and are mutually exclusive with PTEN loss in human breast carcinoma
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445. ; 65:7, s. 2554-2559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway either through loss of PTEN or mutation of the catalytic subunit alpha of PI3K (PIK3CA) occurs frequently in human cancer. We identified PIK3CA mutations in 26% of 342 human breast tumor samples and cell lines at about equal frequency in tumor stages I to IV. To investigate the relationship between PTEN and PIK3CA, we generated a cohort of tumors that had lost PTEN expression and compared it with a matched control set that had retained PTEN. A highly significant association between PIK3CA mutations and retention of PTEN protein expression was observed. In addition, PIK3CA mutations were associated with expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR), lymph node metastasis, and ERBB2 overexpression. The fact that PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss are nearly mutually exclusive implies that deregulated phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate WIN is critical for tumorigenesis in a significant fraction of breast cancers and that loss Of PIP3 homeostasis by abrogation of either PIK3CA or PTEN relieves selective pressure for targeting of the other gene. The correlation of PIK3CA mutation to ER/PR-positive tumors and PTEN loss to ER/PR-negative tumors argues for disparate branches of tumor evolution. Furthermore, the association between ERBB2 overexpression and PIK3CA mutation implies that more than one input activating the PI3K/AKT pathway may be required to overcome intact PTEN. Thus, mutation of PIK3CA is frequent, occurs early in carcinoma development, and has prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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| 44. |
- Sandell, A., et al.
(författare)
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Probing and modifying the empty-state threshold of anatase TiO2 : Experiments and ab initio theory
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:7, s. 075113-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O 1s x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in conjunction with photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to explore the conduction-band edge of single crystalline and nanostructured anatase TiO2. The experiments are supported by ab initio density-functional calculations in which both the initial and core hole final states are considered. The calculations show that the states at the conduction-band edge of anatase are of pure d(xy) character. This is also the case in the presence of an O 1s core hole. In the O 1s XAS process pure Ti d states cannot be probed and, by appropriate energy referencing, the separation between the Ti d derived conduction-band edge and the threshold of the unoccupied Ti d-O p states can therefore be revealed. The electronic charge needed per Ti to eliminate this offset is discussed in quantitative terms. The theoretical and experimental values are in good agreement, showing that 4 +/- 2% of an electronic charge per Ti ion is sufficient to change the character of the empty states at threshold from pure Ti d to Ti d-O p.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Svenum, I-H., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of methanol on Ni3Al(111) and NiAl(110): A high resolution PES study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028. ; 603:16, s. 2370-2377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of methanol on Ni3Al(1 1 1) and NiAl(1 1 0) has been studied using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HR-PES) and density functional theory (DFT). Both methanol and methoxy are formed on these surfaces after the initial methanol exposure at low temperatures. Heating to 200 K leads to further formation of methoxy. On NiAl(1 1 0) two different methoxy species are observed where the first is formed upon methanol adsorption, and the other results from methanol decomposition during heating. The DFT calculations show that methanol and methoxy interacts with the Al atoms on both surfaces. Methanol is found to bond through the oxygen atom to the Al on-top site on Ni3Al(1 1 1) and NiAl(1 1 0) with the C-O axis tilted with respect to the surface normal. On Ni3Al(1 1 1) methoxy is situated a 2Ni+AI hollow site, whereas on NiAl(1 1 0) the Al-Al bridge site is preferred. (C)D 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Ulland, S., et al.
(författare)
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Discrimination between enantiomers of linalool by olfactory receptor neurons in the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae (L.)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 31:4, s. 325-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants emit complex blends of volatiles, including chiral compounds that might be detected by vertebrates and invertebrates. Insects are ideal model organisms for studying the underlying receptor neuron mechanisms involved in olfactory discrimination of enantiomers. In the present study, we have employed two-column gas chromatography linked to recordings from single olfactory receptor neurons of Mamestra brassicae, in which separation of volatiles in a polar and a chiral column was performed. We here present the response properties of olfactory receptor neurons tuned to linalool. The narrow tuning of these receptor neurons was demonstrated by their strong responses to (R)-(-)-linalool, the weaker responses to the (+)-enantiomer as well as a few structurally related compounds, and no responses to the other numerous plant released volatiles. The enantioselectivity was verified by parallel dose-response curves, that of (R)-(-)-linalool shifted 1 log unit to the left of the (S)-(+)-linalool curve. A complete overlap of the temporal response pattern was found when comparing the responses of the same strength. Analysis of the spike amplitude and waveform indicated that the responses to the two enantiomers originated from the same neuron.
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| 49. |
- Ulland, S., et al.
(författare)
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Methyl salicylate, identified as primary odorant of a specific receptor neuron type, inhibits oviposition by the moth Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 33:1, s. 35-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a polyphagous species that is often choosing plants of Brassica as hosts for oviposition. In the search for biologically relevant odorants used by these moths, gas chromatography linked to electrophysiological recordings from single receptor neurons (RNs) has been employed, resulting in classification of distinct types of neurons. This study presents specific olfactory RNs responding to methyl salicylate (MeS) as primary odorant and showing a weak response to methyl benzoate, the 2 aromatic compounds occurring together in several plant species. In 2 cases, the neuron was colocated with another RN type responding to 6 green leaf volatiles: 1-hexanol, (3Z)-hexen-1-ol, (2E)-hexen-1-ol, (3Z)-hexenyl acetate, (2Z)-hexen-1-ol, and an unidentified compound. Whereas the specific RNs detected the minor amounts of MeS in some plants, the compound was not found by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry in intact plants, but it was found after herbivore attack. The behavioral effect of MeS was studied in outdoor test arenas with Brassica napus and artificial plants. These experiments indicated that mated M. brassicae females avoid plants with dispensers emitting MeS. As it is induced by caterpillar feeding, this compound may mediate a message to mated M. brassicae females that the plant is already occupied.
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| 50. |
- Ulland, S., et al.
(författare)
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Plant volatiles activating specific olfactory receptor neurons of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 33:6, s. 509-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herbivore insects are suitable model organisms for studying how plant odor information is encoded in olfactory receptor neurons (RNs). By the use of gas chromatography linked to electrophysiological recordings from single RNs, screening for sensitivity to naturally produced plant odorants is possible in order to determine the molecular receptive ranges of the neurons. Using this method, we have in this study of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae, classified 21 types of olfactory RNs according to their responses to odorants present in the host plants of Brassicae, in the related species of Arabidopsis, as well as in essential oils of nonhost plants like ylang-ylang. Most of the RNs were tuned to one or a few structurally similar compounds, showing minimal overlap of their molecular receptive ranges. Whereas some RNs displayed a novel tuning, others were tuned to the same compounds as neurons in other insect species. We also found colocation in the same sensillum of 3 RN types with the same response characteristics and tuning as 3 colocated types described in heliothine moths living on different host plants. The presence of similar RN types across different insect species implies conservation or reappearance of the RN types, independent of the evolution of host plant ranges.
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