| 1. |
- Foley, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Family Function and Child Adjustment Difficulties in the COVID-19 Pandemic : An International Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 18:21
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To estimate specific proximal and distal effects of COVID-19-related restrictions on families on children’s adjustment problems, we conducted a six-site international study. In total, 2516 parents from Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America living with a young child (Mage = 5.77, SD = 1.10, range = 3 to 8 years, 47.9% female) completed an online survey between April and July 2020. The survey included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and family risk factors (parent distress, parent–child conflict, couple conflict, and household chaos) as well as a scale to index COVID-19-related family disruption. Our analyses also included public data on the stringency of national restrictions. Across the six sites, parental responses indicated elevated levels of hyperactivity, conduct, and emotion problems in children from families characterized by heightened levels of parent distress, parent–child conflict, and household chaos. In contrast, increased peer problems were more strongly related to COVID-19-related social disruption and stringency measures. Mediation models demonstrated that associations between COVID-19 social disruption and child difficulties could be explained by parental distress. Taken together, these results suggest that although the experience of the pandemic differed across countries, associations between COVID-19-related family experiences and child adjustment difficulties were similar in their nature and magnitude across six different contexts. Programs to support family resilience could help buffer the impact of the pandemic for two generations.
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| 2. |
- Kleberg, Johan L., et al.
(författare)
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Increased pupil dilation to happy faces in children with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD
- 2021
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Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 33:3, s. 767-777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disrupted emotional processes including impaired regulation of approach behavior and positive affect, irritability, and anger. Enhanced reactivity to emotional cues may be an underlying process. Pupil dilation is an indirect index of arousal, modulated by the autonomic nervous system and activity in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. In the current study, pupil dilation was recorded while 8- to 12- year old children (n = 71, 26 with a diagnosis of ADHD and 45 typically developing), viewed images of emotional faces. Parent-rated hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were uniquely linked to higher pupil dilation to happy, but not fearful, angry, or neutral faces. This was not explained by comorbid externalizing symptoms. Together, these results suggest that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms are associated with hyperresponsiveness to approach-related emotional cues across a wide range of symptom severity.
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| 3. |
- McCracken, Lance, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of psychological flexibility in the context of COVID-19 : Associations with depression, anxiety, and insomnia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 19, s. 28-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence for detrimental impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and well-being around the world is now accumulating. As it does a next step is to understand how such effects can be mitigated, such as by studying psychological capacities that may afford people immunity against these impacts. In this study, we explore psychological flexibility (PF) and grit as potential resilience factors in the context of COVID-19. Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and insomnia as well as measures of PF (committed action and inflexibility) and grit (perseverance of effort and consistency of interest) were administered through a large scale national online survey (N = 1102; mean age 36,9 years; 75% women). As predicted, the results show both PF and grit to be negatively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Further, regression models including relevant background variables and both sets of resilience factors showed that total variance accounted for in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia was substantial, 50.5%, 49.5%, and 28.8%, respectively, with the PF components accounting for most of the explained variance in mental health. We conclude that PF and to a lesser extent grit may be important psychological resilience factors against mental health problems in the context of COVID-19. Our findings are practically important as they point to malleable public health targets during the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 and in the event of similar widespread health threats in the future.
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| 4. |
- Psouni, Elia, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety among Fathers in the Postnatal Period : Links to Depression, Attachment Insecurity and Emotion regulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2666-9153. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent research has established postnatal anxiety as a common mental health problem among fathers, yet our knowledge regarding its underlying mechanisms is limited. The aim of the present study was to assess postnatal anxiety symptoms in fathers, to investigate comorbidity with postnatal depressive symptoms, and to examine the unique and shared contribution of attachment and emotion regulation as potential underlying mechanisms of postnatal anxiety, as compared to postnatal depression. Methods: A community sample of fathers (N=186) of infants 1-18 months were assessed with the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), the Edinburgh Gotland Depression Scale (EGDS), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ-SF), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Assessment was based on self-reports. Results: Over 30% of fathers reported high levels of postnatal anxiety, and a majority reported in addition burdening depressive symptoms. The strongest unique predictor for both outcomes was attachment anxiety, also after controlling for previous paternal mental health problems, and concurrent maternal depression. Emotion regulation strategy did not predict postnatal anxiety, but cognitive reappraisal predicted depressive symptoms negatively. For both anxiety and depression, the severity of symptoms in the one condition uniquely explained variance in the other condition. Limitations: The use of self-report measures does not allow clinical diagnosis. The unavoidable self-selected bias in recruitment posits limits to generalization. Conclusion: Despite high comorbidity between the two mental health outcomes, predictors of postnatal anxiety differ from those of postnatal depression in fathers, suggesting different underlying mechanisms and a need for distinct treatment approaches.
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| 5. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD symptoms and callous-unemotional traits as predictors of violent media use in adolescence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 62:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated ADHD symptoms and CU traits as predictors of violent media use in adolescence, controlling for delinquency and ODD symptoms. The effects on of disinhibition and arousal to negative stimuli, core characteristics of ADHD symptoms and CU traits, and of gender were investigated. At age 15, 88 adolescents, 50 % boys reported on CU traits, ADHD symptoms and delinquency. Parents rated the adolescents' CU traits, ADHD- and ODD symptoms. At age 16, adolescents reported on their media habits and performed tests of disinhibition and arousal to negative stimuli. Boys had higher levels of CU traits and violent media use and girls had higher levels of arousal to negative pictures. CU traits and inattention symptoms predicted violent media use, the latter association applying only to boys, with CU traits being the strongest predictor. Low arousal to threat pictures explained variance in violent media use, above CU traits. Attraction to violent media seems affected by problem behaviors, with CU traits coming forth as especially important.
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