| 1. |
- Schael, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Electroweak measurements in electron positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 532:4, s. 119-244
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb(-1) collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, 13 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, m(w) and Gamma(w), the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, B(W -> had), and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings g(1)(Z), K-gamma and lambda(gamma), are determined to be: m(w) = 80.376 +/- 0.033 GeV Gamma(w) = 2.195 +/- 0.083 GeV B(W -> had) = 67.41 +/- 0.27% g(1)(Z) = 0.984(-0.020)(+0.018) K-gamma - 0.982 +/- 0.042 lambda(gamma) = 0.022 +/- 0.019. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Akkoyun, S., et al.
(författare)
-
AGATA - Advanced GAmma Tracking Array
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 0167-5087 .- 1872-9576. ; 668, s. 26-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation γ-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of γ-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a γ ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realisation of γ-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterisation of the crystals was measured and compared with detector- response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximise its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Schwertel, S., et al.
(författare)
-
One-neutron knockout from Sc51-55
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-601X .- 1434-6001. ; 48:Dec., s. 191-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results are presented from a one-neutron knockout experiment at relativistic energies of approximate to 420 A MeV on Sc51-55 using the GSI Fragment Separator as a two-stage magnetic spectrometer and the Miniball array for gamma-ray detection. Inclusive longitudinal momentum distributions and cross-sections were measured enabling the determination of the contributions corresponding to knockout from the nu p(1/2), nu p(3/2), (L = 1) and nu f(7/2), nu f(5/2) (L = 3) neutron orbitals. The observed L = 1 and L = 3 contributions are compared with theoretical cross-sections using eikonal knockout theory and spectroscopic factors from shell model calculations using the GXPF1A interaction. The measured inclusive knockout cross-sections generally follow the trends expected theoretically and given by the spectroscopic strength predicted from the shell model calculations. However, the deduced L = 1 cross-sections are generally 30-40% higher while the L = 3 contributions are about a factor of two smaller than predicted. This points to a promotion of neutrons from the nu f(7/2) to the nu p(3/2) orbital indicating a weakening of the N = 28 shell gap in these nuclei. While this is not predicted for the phenomenological GXPF1A interaction such a weakening is predicted by recent calculations using realistic low-momentum interactions V-lowk obtained by evolving a chiral N3LO nucleon-nucleon potential.
|
|
| 5. |
- Modamio, V., et al.
(författare)
-
Lifetime measurements in neutron-rich Co-63,Co-65 isotopes using the AGATA demonstrator
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 88:4, s. 044326-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetimes of the low-lying (11/2(-)) states in Co-63,Co-65 have been measured employing the recoil distance doppler shift method (RDDS) with the AGATA gamma-ray array and the PRISMA mass spectrometer. These nuclei were populated via a multinucleon transfer reaction by bombarding a U-238 target with a beam of Ni-64. The experimental B(E2) reduced transition probabilities for Co-63,Co-65 are well reproduced by large-scale shell-model calculations that predict a constant trend of the B(E2) values up to the N = 40 Co-67 isotope.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Schuster, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Human embryonic epidermis contains a diverse Langerhans cell precursor pool
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Development (Cambridge, England). - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129 .- 0950-1991. ; 141:4, s. 807-815
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite intense efforts, the exact phenotype of the epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) precursors during human ontogeny has not been determined yet. These elusive precursors are believed to migrate into the embryonic skin and to express primitive surface markers, including CD36, but not typical LC markers such as CD1a, CD1c and CD207. The aim of this study was to further characterize the phenotype of LC precursors in human embryonic epidermis and to compare it with that of LCs in healthy adult skin. We found that epidermal leukocytes in first trimester human skin are negative for CD34 and heterogeneous with regard to the expression of CD1c, CD14 and CD36, thus contrasting the phenotypic uniformity of epidermal LCs in adult skin. These data indicate that LC precursors colonize the developing epidermis in an undifferentiated state, where they acquire the definitive LC marker profile with time. Using a human three-dimensional full-thickness skin model to mimic in vivo LC development, we found that FACS-sorted, CD207- cord blood-derived haematopoietic precursor cells resembling foetal LC precursors but not CD14+CD16- blood monocytes integrate into skin equivalents, and without additional exogenous cytokines give rise to cells that morphologically and phenotypically resemble LCs. Overall, it appears that CD14- haematopoietic precursors possess a much higher differentiation potential than CD14+ precursor cells.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bravender, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Classification of Eating Disturbance in Children and Adolescents: Proposed Changes for the DSM-V
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Eating Disorders Review. - : Wiley. - 1072-4133 .- 1099-0968. ; 18:2, s. 79-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood and adolescence are critical periods of neural development and physical growth. The malnutrition and related medical complications resulting from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified may have more severe and potentially more protracted consequences during youth than during other age periods. The consensus opinion of an international workgroup of experts on the diagnosis and treatment of child and adolescent eating disorders is that (a) lower and more developmentally sensitive threshold's of symptom seventy (e.g lower frequency of purging behaviours, significant deviations from growth curves as indicators of clinical seventy) be used as diagnostic boundaries for children and adolescents, (b) behavioural indicators of psychological features of eating disorders be considered even in the absence of direct self-report of such symptoms and (C) multiple informants (e.g parents) be used to ascertain symptom profiles. Collectively, these recommendations will permit earlier identification and intervention to prevent the exacerbation of eating disorder symptoms. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
|
|
| 9. |
- Iram, N, et al.
(författare)
-
Age-related changes in expression and function of Toll-like receptors in human skin
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Development (Cambridge, England). - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129 .- 0950-1991. ; 139:22, s. 4210-4219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate innate immune responses and direct subsequent adaptive immunity. They play a major role in cutaneous host defense against micro-organisms and in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory skin diseases. To understand the role of TLRs in the acquisition of immunological competence, we conducted a comprehensive study to evaluate TLR expression and function in the developing human skin before and after birth and compared it with adults. We found that prenatal skin already expresses the same spectrum of TLRs as adult skin. Strikingly, many TLRs were significantly higher expressed in prenatal (TLRs 1-5) and infant and child (TLRs 1 and 3) skin than in adult skin. Surprisingly, neither dendritic cell precursors in prenatal skin nor epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in adult skin expressed TLRs 3 and 6, whereas the staining pattern and intensity of both TLRs in fetal basal keratinocytes was almost comparable to those of adults. Stimulation of primary human keratinocytes from fetal, neonatal and adult donors with selected TLR agonists revealed that the synthetic TLR3 ligand poly (I:C) specifically, mimicking viral double-stranded RNA, induced a significantly enhanced secretion of CXCL8/IL8, CXCL10/IP-10 and TNFα in fetal and neonatal keratinocytes compared with adult keratinocytes. This study demonstrates quantitative age-specific modifications in TLR expression and innate skin immune reactivity in response to TLR activation. Thus, antiviral innate immunity already in prenatal skin may contribute to protect the developing human body from viral infections in utero in a scenario where the adaptive immune system is not yet fully functional.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Lazaridis, Iosif, et al.
(författare)
-
Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 513:7518, s. 409-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sequenced the genomes of a similar to 7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight similar to 8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes(1-4) with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians(3), who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had similar to 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
|
|
| 13. |
- Morschhauser, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Results of a phase I/II study of ocrelizumab, a fully humanized anti-CD20 mAb, in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 21:9, s. 1870-1876
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ocrelizumab is a humanized anti-CD20 antibody with increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity compared with rituximab. This phase I/II study evaluated its safety and efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) after prior rituximab therapy. Design and methods: Forty-seven patients were treated in three dose cohorts and received eight infusions every 3 weeks: cohort A, 200 mg/m(2) (n = 15); cohort B, 375 mg/m(2) (n = 16); cohort C, first dose 375 mg/m(2), seven subsequent doses of 750 mg/m(2) (n = 16). Patients were assessed for safety, efficacy, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Results: The median patient age was 58 years, the majority had Ann Arbor stage III/IV disease and had received a median of 2 (range 1-6) prior regimens. Ocrelizumab was well tolerated with grade 3/4 toxicity occurring in 9% of patients. The most common toxicity was infusion-related reactions (74% patients), all grade 1/2 except one grade 3 event. The objective response rate was 38% and was similar in patients with low-affinity and high-affinity variants of the Fc gamma receptor IIIa (Fc gamma RIIIa). With follow-up of similar to 28 months, the median progression-free survival was 11.4 months. Conclusion: Ocrelizumab demonstrated activity in patients with relapsed/refractory FL following prior rituximab treatment, with safety similar to rituximab although adverse events appeared milder.
|
|
| 14. |
- Postema, Sietke, et al.
(författare)
-
Musculoskeletal complaints in major upper limb defects in the Netherlands : prevalence, influence on health status and work and risk factors
- 2014
-
Ingår i: MEC'14. - Frederiction, Canada : University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada. - 9781551311760
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: (1) To compare the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal complaints (MSC) in individuals with major upper limb defects (ULD) in the Netherlands with a control group, (2) to explore the influence of MSC on health status and work and (3) to assess predictors of MSC, disability and work productivity in ULD.Methods: A national survey among individuals with ULD and controls was performed, using the databases of rehabilitaA national survey among individuals with ULD and controls was performed, using the databases of rehabilitation centers and orthopedic workshops in the Netherlands. A questionnaire was designed based on known risk factors for MSC, and it included validated (subscales of) existing questionnaires, such as SF36 and the Pain Disability Index (PDI). Inclusion criteria were ≥ 18 years and major ULD at or proximal to the carpal level. Controls were recruited by convenience and matched on age and sex.Results: Of the 263 individuals with ULD that completed the questionnaire, 42% had a congenital transversal defect and 58% had an amputation. The mean age was 50.7±16.7 years and 60% was male. A prosthesis was used by 79%. In total 108 controls were included (mean age 50.6±15.7; 65% male). Year prevalence of MSC (lasting for at least four consecutive weeks) was 65% in individuals with ULD, compared to 34% in controls. The most common location of MSC was the dominant or non-affected limb (46% in patients and 17% in controls), followed by upper back/neck (43% in patients and 19% in controls). Presence of MSC was associated with lower scores on scales of general health perception, mental health, work productivity and higher scores on disability. Prosthesis use did not differ between individuals with and without MSC. Predictors for presence of MSC were deficiency of the right limb, higher upper extremity work demands and being divorced or widowed. More pain, lower mental health and higher age were associated with a more severe disability. Predictors for lower work productivity were presence of MSC and more pain.Discussion: Presence of MSC is a common problem in individuals with ULD. Mostly affected were the non-affected limb and upper back/neck. More research on employment of the affected and non-affected limb, and its relation with MSC, is therefore warranted. Interestingly, presence of MSC was not related to prosthesis use. Associations with disability and work productivity add extra relevance to the study results, because of its relevance for individuals and society.Conclusion: Prevention and treatment of MSC deserves an important role in rehabilitation medicine of individuals with ULD.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Burger, Joep M. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary restriction affects lifespan but not cognitive aging in Drosophila melanogaster
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Aging Cell. - : Wiley. - 1474-9718 .- 1474-9726. ; 9:3, s. 327-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary restriction extends lifespan in a wide variety of animals, including Drosophila, but its relationship to functional and cognitive aging is unclear. Here, we study the effects of dietary yeast content on fly performance in an aversive learning task (association between odor and mechanical shock). Learning performance declined at old age, but 50-day-old dietary-restricted flies learned as poorly as equal-aged flies maintained on yeast-rich diet, even though the former lived on average 9 days (14%) longer. Furthermore, at the middle age of 21 days, flies on low-yeast diets showed poorer short-term (5 min) memory than flies on rich diet. In contrast, dietary restriction enhanced 60-min memory of young (5 days old) flies. Thus, while dietary restriction had complex effects on learning performance in young to middle-aged flies, it did not attenuate aging-related decline of aversive learning performance. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in Drosophila, dietary restriction reduces mortality and thus leads to lifespan extension, but does not affect the rate with which somatic damage relevant for cognitive performance accumulates with age.
|
|
| 20. |
- Burger, Koert N. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary Fiber, Carbohydrate Quality and Quantity, and Mortality Risk of Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - San Fransisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dietary fiber, carbohydrate quality and quantity are associated with mortality risk in the general population. Whether this is also the case among diabetes patients is unknown. Objective: To assess the associations of dietary fiber, glycemic load, glycemic index, carbohydrate, sugar, and starch intake with mortality risk in individuals with diabetes. Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study among 6,192 individuals with confirmed diabetes mellitus (mean age of 57.4 years, and median diabetes duration of 4.4 years at baseline) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1992-2000) with validated dietary questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, while adjusting for CVD-related, diabetes-related, and nutritional factors. Results: During a median follow-up of 9.2 y, 791 deaths were recorded, 306 due to CVD. Dietary fiber was inversely associated with all-cause mortality risk (adjusted HR per SD increase, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75-0.91]) and CVD mortality risk (0.76[0.64-0.89]). No significant associations were observed for glycemic load, glycemic index, carbohydrate, sugar, or starch. Glycemic load (1.42[1.07-1.88]), carbohydrate (1.67[1.18-2.37]) and sugar intake (1.53[1.12-2.09]) were associated with an increased total mortality risk among normal weight individuals (BMI <= 25 kg/m(2); 22% of study population) but not among overweight individuals (P interaction <= 0.04). These associations became stronger after exclusion of energy misreporters. Conclusions: High fiber intake was associated with a decreased mortality risk. High glycemic load, carbohydrate and sugar intake were associated with an increased mortality risk in normal weight individuals with diabetes.
|
|
| 21. |
- Burger, Nicole B., et al.
(författare)
-
Involvement of neurons and retinoic acid in lymphatic development: new insights in increased nuchal translucency
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Prenatal Diagnosis. - : Wiley. - 1097-0223 .- 0197-3851. ; 34:13, s. 1312-1319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveIncreased nuchal translucency originates from disturbed lymphatic development. Abnormal neural crest cell (NCC) migration may be involved in lymphatic development. Because both neuronal and lymphatic development share retinoic acid (RA) as a common factor, this study investigated the involvement of NCCs and RA in specific steps in lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) differentiation and nuchal edema, which is the morphological equivalent of increased nuchal translucency. MethodsMouse embryos in which all NCCs were fluorescently labeled (Wnt1-Cre;Rosa26(eYfp)), reporter embryos for in vivo RA activity (DR5-luciferase) and embryos with absent (Raldh2(-/-)) or in utero inhibition of RA signaling (BMS493) were investigated. Immunofluorescence using markers for blood vessels, lymphatic endothelium and neurons was applied. Flow cytometry was performed to measure specific LEC populations. ResultsCranial nerves were consistently close to the jugular lymph sac (JLS), in which NCCs were identified. In the absence of RA synthesis, enlarged JLS and nuchal edema were observed. Inhibiting RA signaling in utero resulted in a significantly higher amount of precursor-LECs at the expense of mature LECs and caused nuchal edema. ConclusionsNeural crest cells are involved in lymphatic development. RA is required for differentiation into mature LECs. Blocking RA signaling in mouse embryos results in abnormal lymphatic development and nuchal edema. (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 22. |
- Byass, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Motherhood, migration and mortality in Dikgale : modelling life events among women in a rural South African community
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Public Health. - London : Academic P.. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 125:5, s. 318-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Although particular types of life events in populations are often studied separately, this study investigated the joint effects of three major event types in South African women’s lives: motherhood, migration and mortality. Study design: Data were taken from a health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS) over an 11-year period, reflecting the entire population of a defined geographic area as an open cohort, in which individuals participated in regular longitudinal surveillance for health and demographic events. This HDSS is a member of the Indepth Network. Methods: Multivariate Poisson regression models were built for each of the three life event types, in which individual person-time observed out of the total possible 11-year period was used as a rate multiplier. These models were used to calculate adjusted incidence rate ratios for each factor. Results: In the 21,587 person–years observed for women aged 15–49 years, from 1996 to 2006, adjusted rate ratios for mortality and migration increased substantially over time, while motherhood remained fairly constant. Women who migrated were less likely to bear children; temporary migrants were at greater risk of dying, while permanent in-migrants had higher survival rates. Women who subsequently died were much less likely to bear children or migrate. Conclusions: The associations between motherhood, migration and mortality among these rural South African women were complex and dynamic. Extremely rapid increases in mortality over the period studied are presumed to reflect the effects of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic. Understanding these complex interactions between various life events at population level is crucial for effective public health planning and service delivery.
|
|
| 23. |
- Chahal, Harvinder S., et al.
(författare)
-
Brief Report : AIP Mutation in Pituitary Adenomas in the 18th Century and Today
- 2011
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 364:1, s. 43-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gigantism results when a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma is present before epiphyseal fusion. In 1909, when Harvey Cushing examined the skeleton of an Irish patient who lived from 1761 to 1783, *RF 1-3* he noted an enlarged pituitary fossa. We extracted DNA from the patient's teeth and identified a germline mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon-interacting protein gene (AIP). Four contemporary Northern Irish families who presented with gigantism, acromegaly, or prolactinoma have the same mutation and haplotype associated with the mutated gene. Using coalescent theory, we infer that these persons share a common ancestor who lived about 57 to 66 generations earlier.
|
|
| 24. |
- Gerbault, Pascale, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of lactase persistence : an example of human niche construction
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 366:1566, s. 863-877
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Niche construction is the process by which organisms construct important components of their local environment in ways that introduce novel selection pressures. Lactase persistence is one of the clearest examples of niche construction in humans. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose and its production decreases after the weaning phase in most mammals, including most humans. Some humans, however, continue to produce lactase throughout adulthood, a trait known as lactase persistence. In European populations, a single mutation (-13910*T) explains the distribution of the phenotype, whereas several mutations are associated with it in Africa and the Middle East. Current estimates for the age of lactase persistence-associated alleles bracket those for the origins of animal domestication and the culturally transmitted practice of dairying. We report new data on the distribution of -13910*T and summarize genetic studies on the diversity of lactase persistence worldwide. We review relevant archaeological data and describe three simulation studies that have shed light on the evolution of this trait in Europe. These studies illustrate how genetic and archaeological information can be integrated to bring new insights to the origins and spread of lactase persistence. Finally, we discuss possible improvements to these models.
|
|
| 25. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
-
GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
|
|
| 26. |
- Mossmann, Dirk, et al.
(författare)
-
Amyloid-beta Peptide Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Inhibition of Preprotein Maturation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 20:4, s. 662-669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most mitochondrial proteins possess N-terminal presequences that are required for targeting and import into the organelle. Upon import, presequences are cleaved off by matrix processing peptidases and subsequently degraded by the peptidasome Cym1/PreP, which also degrades Amyloid-beta peptides (A beta). Here we find that impaired turnover of presequence peptides results in feedback inhibition of presequence processing enzymes. Moreover, A beta inhibits degradation of presequence peptides by PreP, resulting in accumulation of mitochondrial preproteins and processing intermediates. Dysfunctional preprotein maturation leads to rapid protein degradation and an imbalanced organellar proteome. Our findings reveal a general mechanism by which A beta peptide can induce the multiple diverse mitochondrial dysfunctions accompanying Alzheimer's disease.
|
|
| 27. |
- Veerabhadrappa, Praveen, et al.
(författare)
-
Council for high blood pressure research/InterAmerican society of hypertension/International society of hypertension : first new investigators symposium at the high blood pressure research 2011 scientific sessions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 59:2, s. 382-383
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the very first time, the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) sponsored the ISH New Investigators Symposium on September 21, 2011, in Orlando, FL, entitled, “A Global Hypertension Initiative: Trainee/New Investigator Session” as part of the High Blood Pressure Research 2011 Scientific Sessions. This symposium was cosponsored by ISH, the InterAmerican Society of Hypertension, the American Heart Association's Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and was organized entirely by the newly formed ISH New Investigators Committee (NIC; Figure 1) and young/new investigators (students, postdoctoral fellows, and early career scientists) in hypertension research.1 The symposium consisted of a half-day event with both oral and poster presentations of highly rated abstracts highlighting the most recent advances in hypertension research by young researchers. The scientific program was abstract based with >100 abstracts reviewed by new investigators as assigned by NIC. Top-scoring abstracts received an invitation for either oral or poster presentation based on their scientific merit. The program provided an opportunity for learning, networking, and socializing among budding scientists from around the world. More than 50 new investigators across 5 continents presented their research at the session, making it a truly “global” hypertension initiative, which was targeted toward young researchers.
|
|
