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Arkeologi och mångkultur : rapport från Svenskt arkeologmöte 2006
- 2006
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vilka utmaningar står arkeologin inför i det mångkulturella samhället? Håller vår syn på det förflutna på att förändras? Eller är det snarare så att det förflutna kan få oss att se på dagens samhälle med nya ögon? Och vad händer om vi blickar framåt? Måste vi ha gemensamma minnen för att känna samhörighet med varandra? Dessa och andra frågor diskuteras här av arkeologer, etnologer, historiker och kulturdebattörer.
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| 4. |
- Burström, Lage, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of vibration on thermal perception thresholds
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diagnosis of injuries caused by hand-transmitted vibration - 2nd International workshop, Göteborg, 2006. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study focuses on the acute effects of vibration and how vibrations influence the measures of the thermal perception thresholds during different vibration magnitudes, frequencies, and durations.Methods The fingers of ten healthy subjects, five males and five females, were exposed to vibration under 16 conditions with a combination of different frequency, intensity and exposure time. The vibration frequency was 31.5 and 125 Hz and exposure lasted between 2 and 16 min. The energy-equivalent frequency weighted acceleration, according to ISO 5349-1, for the experimental time of 16 min was 2.5 or 5.0 m/s(2) (r.m.s.), corresponding to a 8-h equivalent acceleration, A(8) of 0.46 and 0.92 m/s(2), respectively. A measure of the thermal perception of cold and warmth was conducted before the different exposures to vibration. Immediately after the vibration exposure the acute effect was measured continuously on the exposed index finger for the first 75 s, followed by 30 s of measures at every minute for a maximum of 10 min. If the subject's thermal thresholds had not recovered, the measures continued for a maximum of 30 min with measurements taken every 5 min.Results For all experimental conditions and 30 s after exposure, the mean changes of the thresholds compared with the pre-test were found to be 0.05 and -0.67C for the warmth and cold thresholds, respectively. The effect of the vibration exposure was only significant on the cold threshold and only for the first minute after exposure when the threshold was decreased. The warmth threshold was not significantly affected at all. The frequency and the exposure time of the vibration stimuli had no significant influence on the perception thresholds for the sensation of cold or warmth. Increased equivalent frequency weighted acceleration resulted in a significant decrease of the subjects' cold threshold, not the warmth. The thresholds were unaffected when changes in the vibration magnitude were expressed as the frequency weighted acceleration or the unweighted acceleration.Conclusion When testing for the thermotactile thresholds, exposure to vibration on the day of a test might influence the results. Until further knowledge is obtained the previous praxis of 2 h avoidance of vibration exposure before assessment is recommended.
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| 5. |
- Burström, Lage, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of vibration exposure on tactile and thermal perception thresholds
- 2009
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Ingår i: Occup Med (Lond). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-8405 .- 0962-7480. ; 59:3, s. 174-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To establish if intermittent exposure to hand-transmitted vibration had the same effect as continuous exposure on the temporary response of finger tactile and thermal perception thresholds. METHODS: Two laboratory experiments were conducted. In each, 10 healthy subjects, five males and five females, participated. The subjects' fingers were exposed to vibration under four conditions with a combination of different periods of exposure and rest periods. The vibration frequency was 125 Hz and the frequency-weighted acceleration was 5 m/s(2). A measure of the tactile or thermal perception was conducted before the different exposures to vibration. Immediately after the vibration exposure, the acute effect was measured continuously for the first 75 s. This was followed by regular measures for a maximum of 30 min. RESULTS: The results showed that combinations of vibration with different periods of exposure and rest periods significantly influenced vibrotactile perception, but not thermal perception. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that intermittent exposure to hand-transmitted vibration might be more beneficial for the response of the finger vibrotactile sensation than continuous exposure. This finding is inconsistent with the evaluation methods in ISO 5349-1 for vibrotactile sensation, but accurate for thermal perception.
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| 6. |
- Burström, Lage, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between hand-arm vibration exposure and onset time for symptoms in a heavy engineering production workshop
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand J Work Environ Health. - 0355-3140. ; 32:3, s. 198-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study examined onset time for reported vascular and neurological symptoms in relation to the vibration load in a group of workers exposed to vibration. METHODS: Information on the self-stated year for the first occurrence of symptoms was collected by means of questionnaires. During interviews data were obtained on self-stated estimations of daily exposure time, type of tool, and number of months or years with different exposures. The estimations of the vibration magnitudes of exposure were based on conducted measurements. From these data, the individual vibration exposure at the time of onset of symptoms was calculated. RESULTS: The incidence was 25.6 and 32.9 per 1000 exposure years for vascular and neurological symptoms, respectively, in the group of workers. The first onset of symptoms appeared after an average of 12 years of exposure. For the workers, the symptoms of vascular or neurological disorders started after about the same number of exposure years. The calculated accumulated acceleration correlated best with the onset time of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that, since the workers' exposure to vibration was below the action level established in the European vibration directive, the results suggest that the action level is not a safe level for avoiding vascular and neurological symptoms.
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| 7. |
- Burström, Lage, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Vibrotactile perception and effects of short-term exposure to hand-arm vibration
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162 .- 0003-4878. ; 53:5, s. 539-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study clarifies whether the established frequency weighting procedure for evaluating exposure to hand-transmitted vibration can effectively evaluate the temporary changes in vibrotactile perception thresholds due to pre-exposure to vibration. In addition, this study investigates the relationship between changes of the vibrotactile perception thresholds and the normalized energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration. The fingers of 10 healthy subjects, five male and five female, were exposed to vibration under 16 conditions with a combination of different frequencies, intensities, and exposure times. The vibration frequencies were 31.5 and 125 Hz and exposure lasted between 2 and 16 min. According to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 5349-1, the energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration for the experimental time of 16 min is 2.5 or 5.0 m s(-2) root-mean-square, corresponding to a 8-h equivalent acceleration, A(8), of approximately 0.5 and 0.9 m s(-2), respectively. A measure of the vibrotactile perception thresholds was conducted before the different exposures to vibration. Immediately after the vibration exposure, the acute effect was measured continuously on the exposed index finger for the first 75 s, followed by 30 s of measures every minute for a maximum of 10 min. If the subject's thresholds had not recovered, the measures continued for a maximum of 30 min with measurements taken every 5 min. Pre-exposure to vibration significantly influenced vibrotactile thresholds. This study concludes that the influence on the thresholds depends on the frequency of the vibration stimuli. Increased equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration resulted in a significant change in threshold, but the thresholds were unaffected when changes in the vibration magnitude were expressed as the frequency-weighted acceleration or the unweighted acceleration. Moreover, the frequency of the pre-vibration exposure significantly influenced (up to 25 min after exposure) recovery time of the vibrotactile thresholds. This study shows that the frequency weighting procedure in ISO 5349-1 is unable to predict the produced acute changes in the vibrotactile perception. Moreover, the results imply that the calculation of the 'energy-equivalent' frequency-weighted acceleration does not reflect the acute changes of the vibration perception thresholds due to pre-exposure to vibration. Furthermore, when testing for the vibrotactile thresholds, exposure to vibration on the day of a test might influence the results. Until further knowledge is obtained, the previous practice of 3 h avoidance of vibration exposure before assessment is recommended.
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| 8. |
- Burström, Mats, 1962-
(författare)
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Arkeologisk tidsvilla i Kalifornien
- 2008
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; , s. 25 maj-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 13. |
- Burström, Mats, 1962-
(författare)
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Känslans återkomst
- 2007
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Ingår i: Populär arkeologi. - 0281-014X. ; :4, s. -25
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 14. |
- Burström, Mats, 1962-
(författare)
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Looking into the recent past. : Extending and exploring the field of archaeology.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Current Swedish Archaeology. - Stockholm : The Swedish Archaeological Society. - 1102-7355. ; 15-16, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The archaeology of the recent past is a growing field of research. Is this merely a chronological extension of the field of archaeology, or is it something more? What motivates an archaeological interest in a period of time for which there are so many other sources of information? Here it is argued that the archaeology of the recent past is important not only to bring to light other stories than those generally told, but also to bring to the fore theoretical issues of general relevance for archaeology. The latter concern what material remains can be more than just potential sources of information about the past.
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| 15. |
- Burström, Mats, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Memories of a world crisis : The archaeology of a former Soviet nuclear missile site in Cuba.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of social archaeology. - Los Angeles : SAGE. - 1469-6053 .- 1741-2951. ; 9:3, s. 295-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Santa Cruz de los Pinos is a small town like most others in the Cuban countryside. But half a century ago it was the epicenter of the 1962 Missile Crisis. During that time it served as a Soviet base for middle-range nuclear missiles, and the US air reconnaissance photos of it were spread through media all around the world. The crisis was solved through negotiations without Cuban involvement, and as a result of this neglect the Missile Crisis has been an under-communicated part of history in Cuba. A Swedish-Cuban research project has now investigated what kinds of memories of the crisis remain today at the former missile base – in the ground as well as in people’s minds. Digging in the ground has proved to be an effective way to start a remembering process and to help disarm a politically loaded history and uncover other stories than those dominating ‘big history’.
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| 16. |
- Burström, Mats
(författare)
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Nutida landskap med historia
- 2006
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Ingår i: För en kritisk & konstruktiv kulturmiljöforskning. - Stockholm : Riksantikvarieämbetet. - 9789172094338 ; , s. 78-85
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Burström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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”När märra knäa” : Nedslag i samtidsarkeologin
- 2005
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Ingår i: Modernitet och arkeologi. - Stockholm : Riksantikvarieämbetet. - 9789172094734 ; , s. -10
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Burström, Mats
(författare)
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Samskapande samtidsarkeologi
- 2006
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Ingår i: Primitive tider. - 1501-0430. ; 9, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Burström, Mats, 1962-
(författare)
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Selective remembrance : Memories of a Second World War refugee camp in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Norwegian Archaeological Review. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0029-3652 .- 1502-7678. ; 42:2, s. 136-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the Second World War a number of military training camps were established in officially neutral Sweden for Norwegians who had fled the German occupation. Immediately after the war several of these localities were used to house women evacuated from German concentration camps. One of the Swedish camps has been subject of a small scale archaeological excavation. It brings important questions about remembrance and forgetting to the fore. What material remains are there to be found and what stories do local people tell? And why did one of the Norwegians excavate a Viking Age burial mound?
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| 25. |
- Burström, Mats, 1962-
(författare)
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Vi behöver tingen för att minnas
- 2007
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :18/1
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 28. |
- Edberg, Rune, 1946-
(författare)
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Vikingaskeppet Ormen Friskes undergång : Ett drama i det kalla krigets skugga
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of three separately published parts, all dealing with problems involving reconstructions of Viking Age ships, travelling experiments with such ships and people’s relations and attitudes to them. The Ormen Friske, a Swedish replica of the Norwegian Gokstad ship, sank in the North Sea in June 1950, drowning all 15 on board. The ship was caught in ugly weather and steered for Helgoland, but at the same time U.S. aircraft carried out a high-altitude practice bombing run, targeting the island, unintentionally preventing the ship from reaching sheltered waters. Swedish officials suppressed the role of the bombing in the accident and rejected proposals for an inspection of the wreck. The disaster was instead blamed on the ship’s alleged deficiencies and the crew’s inexperience. The reason for the cover-up was to avoid annoying the Western allies. Most of the ship’s wreckage was then cleared away. But a few parts and artifacts were safeguarded, some of which still survive in museums, archives and private homes. They are discussed in terms of the varying meaning attributed to them by different authorities and people involved. Also, the remaining artifacts have their sentimental value thanks to their accompanying narratives. Together with graves and memorial sites these objects continue to mark people’s memories and conception of the disaster. The archaeologist studying the contemporary past must move beyond Archaeology’s traditional sources. Documents and files in government and private archives, letters, photos, newspaper articles, interviews, ethno-archaeological experiments and participating observation may be used. He shall feel free to intersect borders to other disciplines, fitting and interpreting evidence into a narrative context. Archaeology of the contemporary past deals with issues inseparable from the present and is therefore unevitably controversial. It is argued that the scholar should apply a reflexive approach, also scrutinizing his own background, social position and research incentives. During the 1990’s the author co-organized a number of experimental river journeys in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia, analyzing the results in an archaeological, etnographical and historical context. The ship formed the required experimental platform but the essential feature was the voyage itself. Rowing vessels of the Scandinavian type upstream, through rapids and long portages, proved to be a strong, often impossible, challenge even for a very well trained and singe-minded crew. It is improbable that travellers ever brought ships all the way from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. It is suggested that Viking Age travellers instead traversed the part of the route ”From the Varangians to the Greeks” between the Novgorod area and the upper Dnepr area by foot or horse and sledge during winter. Russian archaeological material supports this explanatory model. The popular image of Viking ships crossing Russia on rivers seems, at least in part, to derive from folklore and legends in an international tradition.
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| 30. |
- Hagberg, Mats, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon in relation to hand-arm vibration exposure among male workers at an engineering plant a cohort study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon in relation to hand-arm vibration exposure in a cohort consisting of male office and manual workers. METHODS: The baseline population consisted of 94 office and 147 manual workers at an engineering plant. Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) was assessed at baseline and at follow up (at 5, 10 and 15 years). A retrospective and a prospective cohort analysis of data were done. Hand-arm vibration exposure dose was defined as the product of exposure duration and the weighted hand-arm vibration exposure value according to ISO 5349-1. RESULTS: The retrospective/prospective incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon was 16/14 per 1000 exposure years among exposed and 2.4/5.0 per 1000 years among the not exposed. The retrospective dose response curve based on 4 dose classes showed that class 2, 3 and 4 had similar response and showed higher incidence than the not-exposed. The dose with RP response to hand-arm vibration corresponded to a 10 year A(8) value between 0.4-1.0 m/s2. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the EU directive on an action value for hand-arm vibration of 2.5 m/s2 is not too low. Rather, it suggests that employers should take on actions even at exposure values of 1 m/s2A(8).
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| 31. |
- Hagberg, Mats, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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The association between whole body vibration exposure and musculoskeletal disorders in the Swedish work force is confounded by lifting and posture
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-460X .- 1095-8568. ; 298, s. 492-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This was a cross-sectional study based on material representing the Swedish work-force from a survey conducted in 1999, 2001 and 2003 by Statistics Sweden. Exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) was prevalent among agricultural, forestry, fishery workers and among plant and machinery operators based on a sample of 40,000 employed persons. Approximately 70% responders, that are 9798 persons answered both the interview and the questionnaire for the analysis of exposure-response. Exposure to WBV at least half the working time was associated with prevalence ratios above two for musculoskeletal symptoms in the low back, neck, shoulder/arm and hand among workers. When the exposure factors lifting and frequent bending were added to a multivariate analysis, surprisingly the magnitude of association was low between low back symptoms and WBV exposure. Interestingly, the relation between WBV exposure and symptoms in the neck, shoulder/arm and hand had the same or higher magnitude of association even when the possible confounders were in the model. For the neck, low back and shoulder/arm there was a visible increase in prevalence ratio (as high as 5 times) when combined exposures of WBV, lifting, frequent bending, twisted posture and noise were included in the analysis. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Lundström, Ronnie, et al.
(författare)
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Grading of sensorineural disturbances according to a modified Stockholm workshop scale using self-reports and QST.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 81:5, s. 553-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to apply, on a group of vibration exposed individuals, a proposed modification of the Stockholm Workshop scale for grading of sensorineural disorders by using self-reports and data from objective testing and to compare grading obtained through the two approaches. METHODS: The study group consisted of 126 young persons with different individual levels of hand-transmitted vibration exposures. Effect measurements included a self-administered questionnaire and vibrotactile perception measurements and Purdue Pegboard testing. For grading using self reports three specific questions, believed to be good markers for complaints of intermittent numbness, sensory deficiency, and reduced performance in fine motor tasks, was picked out from the questionnaire. Results from vibrotactile perception and Purdue Pegboard testing were used for grading based on quantitative sensory testing. The sensorineural grading obtained by the two methods was then compared. RESULTS: The outcome showed that about 60% of all individuals within the study group are graded equally by the two methods for grading. The frequency of individuals graded at advanced SN stages were however higher when using QST, predominantly due to more positive cases for the Purdue pegboard test compared with the corresponding outcome from the self reports. CONCLUSION: The proposed modification of the grading scale reduces the in-built progressiveness and allows different combinations of sensorineural symptoms. The two grading methods seem to be somewhat correlated, something which may be considered as encouraging and promising for those who prefer to use, or must use one of the methods for grading. The proposed model for grading using self-reports should, however, be considered more as a conceptual idea for how this may be done. The models should be applied on a larger, more vibration exposed and more symptomatic study group, compared with the present study group, before any far-reaching conclusions can be drawn.
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| 34. |
- Nilsson, T, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal perception thresholds among young adults exposed to hand-transmitted vibration
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 81:5, s. 519-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Quantitative sensory testing assesses non-invasively the function of the sensory pathways from receptors to cortex. Studies of workers exposed to vibration support evidence that neuro-sensory hand-arm vibration syndrome also encompasses neuropathy of the small-diameter nerve fibres. OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of disturbed thermal perception developing among young adults exposed to vibration and hand-intensive manual work. The aim also encompasses the study of alternative covariates in small-diameter nerve fibre neuropathy assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional multi-centre study comprised 202 males and females from vocational school programs in auto mechanics, construction and catering. The testing included a baseline questionnaire, a clinical examination focusing on upper extremity disorders and quantitative somatosensory testing. Thermal perception thresholds were assessed, on both hands, second and fifth digits, using a modified Marstock method for warmth and cold. Results: Reduced thermal perception sensitivity was found for digit II compared to digit V, for females compared to males, and between the two study centres. Subjects exposed to vibration at work showed reduced sensitivity to temperature compared to non-vibration exposed. In univariate analyses odds ratios of 1.06 (95% CI 1.006-1.118) and 1.02 (95% CI 0.971-1.078) for reduced perception to cold for the right and left hands, respectively, was found for vibration. This association was lost in multivariate analyses. The study centre was the strongest confounding influence. Conclusions: Sensitivity to temperature appears to be reduced despite the subjects short exposure-time and low exposure to vibration. The effect is small in relation to other confounding factors. A low agreement between the modalities indicates the need for separate tests for cold and warmth. Hand-side, age, stature, and BMI were not important for thermal perception but study centre, gender and choice of digit were. Conventional electro-diagnostic investigations are inadequate for evaluating the status of the small-fibre afferent systems leaving QST of thermal perception as the preferred diagnostic tool.
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| 35. |
- Rehn, B, et al.
(författare)
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Neck pain combined with arm pain among professional drivers of forest machines and the association with whole-body vibration exposure
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-5847 .- 0014-0139. ; 52:10, s. 1240-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of neck pain and arm pain among professional forest machine drivers and to find out if pain were related to their whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 529 forest machine drivers in northern Sweden and the response was 63%. Two pain groups were formed; 1) neck pain; 2) neck pain combined with arm pain. From WBV exposure data (recent measurements made according to ISO 2631-1, available information from reports) and from the self-administered questionnaire, 14 various WBV exposure/dose measures were calculated for each driver. The prevalence of neck pain reported both for the previous 12 months and for the previous 7 d was 34% and more than half of them reported neck pain combined with pain in one or both arms. Analysis showed no significant association between neck pain and high WBV exposure; however, cases with neck pain more often experienced shocks and jolts in the vehicle as uncomfortable. There was no significant association between the 14 WBV measures and type of neck pain (neck pain vs. neck pain combined with arm pain). It seems as if characteristics of WBV exposure can explain neither existence nor the type of neck pain amongst professional drivers of forest machines. The logging industry is important for several industrialised countries. Drivers of forest machines frequently report neuromusculoskeletal pain from the neck. The type of neck pain is important for the decision of treatment modality and may be associated with exposure characteristics at work.
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Samtidsarkeologi - varför gräva i det nära förflutna? : rapport från en session vid konferensen IX Nordic TAG i Århus 2007
- 2008. - 1
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samtidsarkeologi är ett växande forskningsfält. Men vad motiverar arkeologiska studier av tidsperioder från vilka det finns ett överflöd av andra kunskapskällor? Vad kan samtidsarkeologin tillföra utöver det vi redan vet? Kan materiella lämningar vara viktiga på andra sätt än som kunskapskällor? Och hur ska uppdragsarkeologin och kulturmiljövården i stort förhålla sig till sentida objekt?Dessa och andra frågor diskuteras här utifrån en rad olika fallstudier. De tar oss bland annat med till lämningar efter en dansbana i Bohuslän, Roskildefestivalen i Danmark, havererade flygplan i Storbritannien, sovjetiska missilbaser på Kuba och till Historiska museet i Stockholm.
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| 38. |
- Wahlström, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Musculoskeletal symptoms among young male workers and associations with exposure to hand-arm vibration and ergonomic stressors.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 81:5, s. 595-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The overall aim of this study was to explore the association between incident musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and upper limbs and exposure to hand-arm vibration and ergonomic stressors. METHODS: The study has a prospective design and data at baseline and follow-up was assessed by self-administered questionnaires. The study population consisted of students that had graduated from vocational high schools in 2001-2003 in northern and western Sweden and a total of 586 men responded to both the baseline and follow-up questionnaires. The mean age was 20.7 (range 19-27) years, and the exposure information included questions regarding hand-arm vibration, postural stress, computer work, mental stress and perception of muscular tension. Musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and upper limbs were assessed at baseline and at follow-up. RESULTS: Men who reported their daily vibration exposure duration (work and leisure) as more than 1 h at baseline had an increased risk of neck pain in the preceding 7 days at follow-up, when adjusting for all the other exposure variables (PR 3.29, 95% CI 1.02-14.9). Men with a calculated 8-h weighted vibration exposure level [A(8)] above 1.7 m/s(2) had an increased risk of developing neck pain in both the unadjusted and adjusted analyses compared to those with an exposure level below 0.5 m/s(2). CONCLUSION: Men who reported their daily vibration exposure duration (work and leisure) to be more than 1 h at baseline had an increased risk of neck pain for the preceding 7 days at follow-up. An increased prevalence of neck pain was also observed in individuals with a calculated 8-h frequency weighted vibration exposure level above 1.7 m/s(2) (calculated from data assessed at follow-up) compared to those with an exposure level below 0.5 m/s(2). The increased risks remained when adjusting for postural and mental stress; however the results could still be confounded by other ergonomic and physical load factors not adjusted for in the analyses.
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