| 1. |
- Diaz, Ben P., et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal mixed layer depth shapes phytoplankton physiology, viral production, and accumulation in the North Atlantic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal shifts in phytoplankton accumulation and loss largely follow changes in mixed layer depth, but the impact of mixed layer depth on cell physiology remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the physiological state of phytoplankton populations associated with distinct bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic. Stratification and deep mixing alter community physiology and viral production, effectively shaping accumulation rates. Communities in relatively deep, early-spring mixed layers are characterized by low levels of stress and high accumulation rates, while those in the recently shallowed mixed layers in late-spring have high levels of oxidative stress. Prolonged stratification into early autumn manifests in negative accumulation rates, along with pronounced signatures of compromised membranes, death-related protease activity, virus production, nutrient drawdown, and lipid markers indicative of nutrient stress. Positive accumulation renews during mixed layer deepening with transition into winter, concomitant with enhanced nutrient supply and lessened viral pressure. Phytoplankton are important primary producers. Here the authors investigate phytoplankton physiological changes associated with bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic, finding that stratification and deep mixing shape accumulation rates by altering physiology and viral production.
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| 2. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 3. |
- Peterson, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring differences in and factors influencing self-efficacy for competence in interprofessional collaborative practice among health professions students
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Interprofessional Care. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1356-1820 .- 1469-9567. ; 38:1, s. 104-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The value of health care delivered via effective interprofessional teams has created an imperative for interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional collaborative practice (ICP). To inform IPE strategies, we investigated differences in perceived self-efficacy (SE) for competence in ICP among health professions students. Study data was collected between 2015-2019 from students from 13 different programs (N=3,496) before an annual institutional interprofessional program. Students completed the IPECC-SET, a validated instrument evaluating perceived SE for competence in ICP, and rated their 1) amount of previous contact with, and 2) perceived understanding of the role of different health professions. Student groups were compared using parametric statistics. Regression analyses explored factors influencing SE for competence in ICP. Findings revealed significant differences in perceived SE for competence in ICP between programs (p<.05). Specifically, health information management/health informatics, dental, medicine, and nursing students expressed relatively higher SE, whereas physical and occupational therapy students expressed relatively lower SE. Perceived understanding of the role of health care professions (p<.01) and gender (p<.01) contributed significantly to predict perceived SE for competence in ICP, while amount of previous contact with other health professions did not (p=.42). Findings highlight the value of IPE designed with consideration of specific learner needs.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Thomson, Elizabeth, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple-partner fertility in Europe and the United States
- 2020
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Ingår i: Analyzing Contemporary Fertility. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030485184 - 9783030485191 ; , s. 173-198
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we investigate what can be termed multi-partner fertility, i.e., the birth rate among women at risk of having a child with a new partner. We used data from 14 European countries and the United States, all with high-quality birth and union histories. We divided a woman’s exposure to the birth risk into three types – single spells up to and including the first birth, spells in a marital or cohabiting union up to and including the end of the first fertile union, and spells after a first non-union birth or after the end of the first fertile union. The last set of spells are those in which a woman is at risk of having a child with more than one partner. Age-specific fertility rates were estimated and combined to generate fertility rates for each union status across five decades in 14 European countries and the United States. We found that, with one exception, multi-partner fertility is quite modest, up to 9% of total fertility. In the United States, however, multi-partner fertility contributes more than 20% of total fertility. Countries with relatively high rates of non-union first births also have relatively high rates of multi-partner fertility. Multi-partner fertility is spread out across older ages, in comparison to single-partner fertility that peaks sharply in the early- to mid-20s. Although the exposure to risk of multi-partner fertility has increased over the decades observed, rates of multi-partner fertility have remained relatively stable.
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