| 1. |
- Carlsson-Ågren, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Daily life of the oldest old
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of sociology and social welfare. - 0191-5096 .- 1949-7652. ; 19:2, s. 109-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Sandborg, Michael, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping X-ray spectra with filters in X-ray diagnostics
- 1994
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Ingår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 32:4, s. 384-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence on image contrast, tube load and patient mean absorbed dose of different ways of shaping diagnostic X-ray spectra by placing filters in the beam is derived for two radiographic models (abdominal screen-film radiography and intra-oral, dental radiography) using a computational model. The filters are compared at either equal tube load (keeping tube potential constant) or equal contrast (adjusting the tube potential with the different filters), but always at equal energy imparted per unit area to the image receptor. Compared at equal tube load and relative to standard aluminium filtration, reductions in the mean absorbed dose in the patient of 15–25% can be achieved using filters of Cu, Ti, W and Au (increasing the tube load by 30–40% compared with standard aluminium filtration). However, contrast is also reduced by 7%. Compared at equal contrast, the dose reductions are smaller, about 10%. Filters of copper are generally recommended, as are filters of aluminium. The use of bandpass filters (K-edge filters) should be restricted to examinations where the need for substantial variation in tube potential from patient to patient is small. The benefit of using thicker filters than those commonly used today (increasing tube load by factors of 1.4–2.0 compared with no added filter) is small as the dose reduction is most rapid for small initial values of added filters, and the increase in tube load increases steadily with increasing filter thickness.
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| 3. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of dopamine uptake sites labeled with [3H]GBR-12935 in Alzheimer's disease.
- 1990
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Ingår i: European Neurology. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 30:4, s. 181-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of the dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to postmortem putamen from a control group and patients with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) or vascular dementia (VD) was studied. The binding density (Bmax) in AD/SDAT was significantly reduced to 50% of control. A reduction of Bmax in VD was also noted, but it did not reach statistical significance. No differences in apparent binding affinity (Kd) between controls and dementia groups were obtained. The concentrations of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and homovanillic acid were also determined. The concentrations of DA and DOPAC were reduced by 30-40% in AD/SDAT and VD, but the reductions did not reach statistical significance. The concentration of 3-MT was reduced by 40% in AD/SDAT and by 30% in VD. The [3H]GBR-12935-binding densities correlated significantly with corresponding concentrations of DA in control brains. It is suggested that the loss of [3H]GBR-12935-binding sites in human putamen in AD/SDAT reflects a degeneration of dopamine neurites.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Strategy for boron neutron capture therapy against tumor cells with over-expression of the epidermal growth factor-receptor.
- 1994
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 30:1, s. 105-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Gliomas, squamous carcinomas and different adenocarcinomas from breast, colon and prostate might have an increased number of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. The receptors are, in these cases, candidates for binding of receptor specific toxic conjugates that might inactivate cellular proliferation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether it is reasonable to try ligand-dextran based conjugates for therapy.METHODS AND MATERIALS: EGF or TGF alpha were conjugated to dextran and binding, internalization, retention and degradation of eight types of such conjugates were analyzed in EGF-receptor amplified glioma cells. The conjugates were labelled with radioactive nuclides to allow detection and two of the conjugates were carrying boron in the form of carboranyl amino acids or aminoalkyl-carboranes. Comparative binding tests, applying 125I-EGF, were made with cultured breast, colon and prostate adenocarcinoma, glioma and squamous carcinoma cells. Some introductory tests to label with 76Br for positron emission tomography and with 131I for radionuclide therapy were also made.RESULTS: The dextran part of the conjugates did not prevent receptor specific binding. The amount of receptor specific binding varied between the different types of conjugates and between the tested cell types. The dextran part improved intracellular retention and radioactive nuclides were retained for at least 20-24 h. The therapeutical effect improved when 131I was attached to EGF-dextran instead of native EGF.CONCLUSION: The improved cellular retention of the ligand-dextran conjugates is an important property since it gives extended exposure time when radionuclides are applied and flexibility in the choice of time for application of neutrons in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). It is possible that ligand-dextran mediated BNCT might allow, if the applied neutron fields covers rather wide areas around the primary tumor, locally spread cells that otherwise would escape treatment to be inactivated.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Family patterns of the oldest old
- 1992
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Ingår i: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. - 1594-0667 .- 1720-8319. ; 4, s. 293-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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The daily life of the oldest old
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare. - 0191-5096 .- 1949-7652. ; 19, s. 109-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
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| 18. |
- Landin-Olsson, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Immunoreactive trypsin(Ogen) in the sera of children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and matched controls
- 1990
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177. ; 5:3, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function at the time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we determined immunoreactive an-odal and cathodal trypsin(ogen) levels in sera from almost all children (n = 375) 0-14 years of age in Sweden in whom diabetes developed during 1 year, and in sex-, age-, and geographically matched control subjects (n = 312). The median level of anodal trypsin(ogen) was 5 (quartile range, 3-7) µg/L in children with newly diagnosed diabetes, compared with a median level of 7 (quartile range, 4-8) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the median level of cathodal trypsin(ogen) was 8 (quartile range, 4-10) µg/L in children with diabetes, compared with a median level of 11 (quartile range, 7-15) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). The median of the individual ratios between cathodal and anodal trypsin(ogen) was 1.4 in the diabetic patients and 1.7 in the control children (p < 0.001). In a multivariate test, however, only the decrease in cathodal trypsin(ogen) concentration was associated with diabetes. The levels of trypsin(ogen)s did not correlate with levels of islet cell antibodies, present in 81% of the diabetic children. Several mechanisms may explain our findings, for example, similar pathogenetic factors may affect both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas simultaneously, a failing local trophic stimulation by insulin on the exocrine cells may decrease the trypsinogen production, and there may be an increased elimination of trypsin(ogen) because of higher filtration through the kidneys in the hyperglycemic state.
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| 19. |
- Lodinová-Zádníková, R, et al.
(författare)
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The antibody response in breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants after artificial colonization of the intestine with Escherichia coli O83.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 29:4 Pt 1, s. 396-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The local and systemic antibody response after oral administration of a nonenteropathogenic type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli O83 strain was followed in nine breast-fed and eight formula-fed infants during their first 15 wk of life. Five breast-fed and six formula-fed infants were followed as controls. E. coli O83 was detected in the stools of colonized infants from d 2 after colonization and persisted in the intestine for up to 26 wk. The percentage of children successfully colonized with E. coli O83 was higher among breast-fed than among formula-fed colonized infants. Also, the O83 bacteria isolated from the breast-fed children had a higher capacity to attach to colonic epithelial cells of the HT-29 cell line than those isolated from bottle-fed infants. E. coli O83 IgA and IgM antibodies estimated by ELISA were significantly elevated in the saliva of colonized as compared with control infants 2-7 wk after colonization. IgA antibodies against O83 were also higher in the stool of colonized formula-fed infants than in formula-fed controls. The results suggest that the mucosal immune system of the newborn infant can be triggered early to produce specific antibodies against bacteria colonizing the intestine.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ohlin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of human B lymphocytes : the effect of l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester on inhibitory T cell populations
- 1992
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Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - 0165-2478. ; 34:3, s. 221-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epstein-Barr virus-mediated transformation of human B lymphocytes is inhibited by human T lymphocytes as well as by interferon-γ. Removal of the inhibitory cell populations is essential in order to achieve successful transformation in vitro. Cells with the capacity to inhibit outgrowth of lymphoblastoid cell lines can be removed by pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester. This treatment eliminates monocytes, NK-cells and a CD8+ T cell subpopulation. We now show that such treatment also has toxic effects on other human T cell populations. In addition, CD4+ and/or CD8+ lymphocytes are demonstrated to contain effector cell activities which inhibit outgrowth of EBV-transformed B cells. This inhibitory activity is abolished after treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified CD4+ T cells with l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester. No evidence was found for a selective toxicity against any subset within the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell populations. However, the capacity of the treated cells, both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4+ T lymphocytes, to produce mRNA encoding IFN-γ, a protein previously shown to downregulate outgrowth of EBV-transformed B cells, was selectively impaired. The results obtained suggest a role for CD4+ T cells to inhibit EBV-induced transformation of B cells.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Pellettieri, L, et al.
(författare)
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Serum immunocomplexes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 19:5, s. 767-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunocomplexes (IC) in serum were analyzed in 54 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured arterial aneurysms. A previous study had shown that patients with SAH and vasospasm had a significantly higher incidence of ICs in the blood than patients without vasospasm. The aim of the present study was to study how the IC content varied with time and compare this pattern with the clinical picture. Forty-two patients presented clinical or radiological signs of cerebral vasospasm during their hospital stays, whereas 12 patients showed no such signs. The patients with vasospasm had a significantly higher amount of ICs in serum than those without vasospasm. In 37 patients with vasospasm, the changes of IC content during the 1st weeks after SAH correlated well with the clinical course. Data indicated that a high IC content preceded the onset of vasospasm and a low content preceded clinical improvement. This observation supports the idea that the presence of ICs might be the cause and not the result of vasospasm.
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| 24. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of terawatt lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: LASER SPECTROSCOPY - XITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 1563962624 ; :290, s. 264-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Widerström, E G, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between experimentally induced tooth pain threshold changes, psychometrics and clinical pain relief following TENS. A retrospective study in patients with long-lasting pain.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Pain. - 0304-3959. ; 51:3, s. 281-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the relationships between clinical pain relief, physiological and psychological parameters. Out of 50 patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal neck- and shoulder-pain treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 21 were selected and classified as responders (n = 13) or non-responders (n = 8). Tooth pain thresholds (PT) were measured before and after an experimental TENS treatment and the relative change in PT following the stimulation was calculated. Three psychometric self-inventories were administered: Zung Depression Scale, Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Responders (R) and non-responders (NR) differed significantly from each other in the PT measurements as well as on the psychometric scales. NR exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression, a more pronounced powerful other orientation and no change or a decrease in PT following TENS compared to R. These findings indicate relationships and interactions between physiological and psychological factors in patients with long-lasting pain.
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| 26. |
- Wittmer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical properties of liquid-phase-bonded copper-ceramic substrates.
- 1982
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 65:3, s. 149-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liquid-phase bonding of copper foils to ceramic substrates is a very attractive technique for the fabrication of metallized substrates for hybrid power electronics applications. The design and reliability considerations of such substrates necessitate the knowledge of their mechanical properties. Therefore, stresses and strains in the copper and in the ceramic of bonded substrates were investigated. Theoretical calculations are presented to support the experimental results.
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