| 1. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Att planera för hela skogslandskapet : utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Skogens många värden behöver samplaneras och sättas i sitt sammanhang utifrån ett landskapsperspektiv. Vi intervjuade skogsägare och skogliga intressenter om hur de ser på skogens värden, äganderätten och skogspolitiska förutsättningar, samt synen på att samarbeta och ta hänsyn till varandras intressen. Vi utgår från behov identifierade i planeringsprocesser som inkluderar många deltagare och intressen, när det gäller att förbättrakommunikation, information och mötesplatser. Vi ser tre möjliga verktyg för att skapa förutsättningar för ett landskapsperspektiv i planeringen av skogens värden: en landskapslots, en samverkansarena, samt utformningen och användandet av skogsbruksplanen.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Combining scientific and stakeholder knowledge in future scenario development - A forest landscape case study in northern Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 61, s. 122-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northern Swedish forests provide multiple ecosystem services. Integrating these values into the forest planning process frequently requires that not only forest owners but also other stakeholders be involved. The objective of this study is to assess the potential of future scenario development as a tool in forest planning. In a case study of the Vilhelmina municipality in northern Sweden, forest owners and stakeholders were interviewed, and aworkshopwas held to discuss important factors for the future development of the local landscape regarding ecological, socioeconomic and political issues. Combined with a researcher-conducted process, this resulted in three alternative scenarios. We conclude that the scenario development process has produced information that can be used in forest planning. The participatory element of the scenario development process could be extended further to enhance communication, learning and knowledge exchange. The participants' contribution to the scenario construction could also be elaborated, e.g., by further involving stakeholders in the formulation of alternative future manifestations and in the elaboration of scenarios. To achieve this, it is necessary to adapt the quantitative methods to the participatory situation, to foster discussion qualities, to secure representation and increase motivation for participation in different ways.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Lean i äldreomsorg – en cylinderformad kloss i ett fyrkantigt hål? : En fallstudie om huruvida lean är en passande modell för svensk kommunal äldreomsorg
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Managementmodellen lean uppstod i bilindustrin men har applicerats på helt andra typer av branscher, varav offentlig sektor är en av dem. Tidigare forskning visar att lean applicerat på offentliga tjänster passar bättre när tjänsten är av mer homogen karaktär såsom sophantering och parkförvaltning. Ändå visar en kartläggning av lean i Sverige att flest kommuner har implementerat lean inom äldreomsorg - vilket är en heterogen tjänst med höga krav på individanpassning.Syftet med den här fallstudien är att undersöka om lean således är en passande managementmodell för kommunal äldreomsorg. Baserat på sju intervjuer i två svenska kommuner har studien utgått från vad som påverkar kommuners möjlighet att arbeta lean på en filosofisk nivå (lean thinking).Resultatet visar att lean thinking i sin helhet inte är passande för äldreomsorgen, vilket framför allt beror på att offentliga verksamheter utöver brukaren ser socialnämnden och skattebetalare som kunder, vilket försvårar arbetet med lean som utgår från värde enligt kundens perspektiv. Däremot visar verksamheterna att de genom att arbeta med lean framförallt förbättrar processer som inte involverar brukaren, exempelvis administration och förrådsoch tvätthantering. Det frigör tid till värdeskapande aktiviteter för brukaren. Vi finner också att myndigheten som reglerar svensk äldreomsorg möjliggör för lean-inspirerat arbete inom äldreomsorg, framför allt på grund av arbetet med att utgå och anpassa tjänster till de faktiska behoven för brukaren istället för att begränsas till det redan befintliga tjänsteutbudet.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Julia, 1980
(författare)
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När idéer får liv - Om intraprenader i tre kommuner : Sustainable ideas - the idea of "contracting in" in three Swedish municipalities
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the early 2000s an idea regarding how to organise the Swedish public sector, called internal contracts, attracted attention from many different public authorities in Sweden. Organising in the form of internal contracts means that units within a public authority are given more autonomy to run their own affairs. A distinct feature of the internal contracts model is that it is said to combine characteristics from both public and private organisations, combining the best of both worlds. However, the popularity of internal contracts was short-lived, and just a few years later it seemed to be out of fashion. A few municipalities, however, constitute examples of where internal contracts were subscribed to and supported for a longer period of time. These municipalities showed that theories relating to fashions for ideas, and what causes fluctuations in fashions, are not sufficient to explain variations in the lifecycles of ideas. There are variations in the life cycles of fashionable ideas, with some seeming to disappear as soon as they arise while others remain influential over a longer period of time. Why is this? The popularity and use of ideas is not only the result of gaining legitimacy in an institutional environment, as has long been suggested, but also the result of individual interpretations of ideas, in the context in which they are introduced. Ideas are changed and modified, or translated, as they travel in and between organisations. In turn, translations affect the ways in which ideas are perceived and whether or not they are considered legitimate and supported by the people who receive them. The fate of ideas thus lies in the hands of people, each of whom may accept, modify or deflect them, as well as add to them or let them drop. The study suggests a model for how the life-cycle of ideas can be understood based on how, by whom, when and where they are translated. It illustrates how (1) the receiver of ideas, (2) the carrier of the ideas and (3) characteristics assigned to ideas affect translations and thereby, whether their life-cycles are to become short or long. The study also highlights the fact that ideas are often revivals of earlier ideas rather than new ones, suggesting that ideas seldom die, but are instead given more or less attention in different times and spaces. In addition, in studying the process, not just the ups and downs in popularity, the study shows that what makes ideas come to life, and stay alive, is the result of continuous work. People need to be convinced on a continuous basis that ideas are attractive. Finally, the study contributes to further understanding institutionalisation. What affects translation also affects whether actions are repeated, and over time become taken for granted in an organisation.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunites for Integrated Landscape Planning : the Broker, the Arena, the Tool
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Online. - 1865-1542. ; 55, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an integrated social and ecological system, the forest landscape includes multiple values. The need for a landscape approach in land use planning is being increasingly advocated in research, policy and practice. This paper explores how institutional conditions in the forest policy and management sector can be developed to meet demands for a multifunctional landscape perspective. Departing from obstacles recognised in collaborative planning literature, we build an analytical framework which is operationalised in a Swedish context at municipal level. Our case illustrating this is Vilhelmina Model Forest, where actual barriers and opportunities for a multiple-value landscape approach are identified through 32 semi-structured interviews displaying stakeholders’ views on forest values, ownership rights and willingness to consider multiple values, forest policy and management premises, and collaboration. As an opportunity to overcome the barriers, we suggest and discuss three key components by which an integrated landscape planning approach could be realized in forest management planning: the need for a landscape coordinator (broker), the need for a collaborative forum (arena), and the development of the existing forest management plan into an advanced multifunctional landscape plan (tool).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lienard, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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ESX-1 exploits type I IFN-signalling to promote a regulatory macrophage phenotype refractory to IFNγ-mediated autophagy and growth restriction of intracellular mycobacteria
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cellular Microbiology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1462-5814. ; 18:10, s. 1471-1485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: The ability of macrophages to eradicate intracellular pathogens is normally greatly enhanced by IFNγ, a cytokine produced mainly after onset of adaptive immunity. However, adaptive immunity is unable to provide sterilizing immunity against mycobacteria, suggesting that mycobacteria have evolved virulence strategies to inhibit the bactericidal effect of IFNγ-signalling in macrophages. Still, the host-pathogen interactions and cellular mechanisms responsible for this feature have remained elusive. We demonstrate that the ESX-1 type VII secretion systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacteriummarinum exploit type I IFN-signalling to promote an IL-12low/IL-10high regulatory macrophage phenotype characterized by secretion of IL-10, IL-27 and IL-6. This mechanism had no impact on intracellular growth in the absence of IFNγ but suppressed IFNγ-mediated autophagy and growth restriction, indicating that the regulatory phenotype extends to function. The IFNγ-refractory phenotype was partly mediated by IL-27-signalling, establishing functional relevance for this downstream cytokine. These findings identify a novel macrophage-modulating function for the ESX-1 secretion system that may contribute to suppress the efficacy of adaptive immunity and provide mechanistic insight into the antagonistic cross talk between type I IFNs and IFNγ in mycobacterial infection.
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| 11. |
- Lienard, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Murine Mycobacterium marinum infection as a model for tuberculosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1064-3745. ; 1535, s. 301-315
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycobacteria are a major human health problem globally. Regarding tuberculosis the situation is worsened by the poor efficacy of current vaccine regimens and by emergence of drug-resistant strains (Manjelievskaia J et al, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 110: 110, 2016; Pereira et al., Lancet Infect Dis 12:300–306, 2012; http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/) undermining both disease-prevention and available treatments. Thus, increased basic understanding of mycobacterial—and particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis —virulence strategies and pathogenesis is of great importance. To this end several in vivo infection models are available (Guirado and Schlesinger, Front Immunol 4:98, 2013; Leung et al., Eur J Immunol 43:2246–2254, 2013; Patel et al., J Lab Physicians 3:75–79, 2011; van Leeuwen et al., Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 5:a018580, 2015). While these models all have their merits they also exhibit limitations, and none perfectly mimics all aspects of human tuberculosis. Thus, there is a need for multiple models that may complement each other, ultimately allowing us to gain true insight into the pathogenesis of mycobacterial infections. Here, we describe a recently developed mouse model of Mycobacterium marinum infection that allows kinetic and quantitative studies of disease progression in live animals [8]. Notably, this model exhibits features of human tuberculosis not replicated in M. tuberculosis infected mice, and may provide an important complement to the field. For example, granulomas in the M. marinum model develop central caseating necrosis (Carlsson et al., PLoS Pathog 6:e1000895, 2010), a hallmark of granulomas in human tuberculosis normally not replicated in murine M. tuberculosis infection. Moreover, while tuberculosis is heterogeneous and presents with a continuum of active and latent disease, M. tuberculosis infected mice essentially lack this dynamic range and do not replicate latency (Guirado and Schlesinger, Front Immunol 4:98, 2013; Patel et al., J Lab Physicians 3(2):75–79, 2011). In contrast, M. marinum infected mice may naturally develop latency, as suggested by reduced inflammation and healing of the diseased tissue while low numbers of bacteria persist in granulomatous lesions (Carlsson et al., PLoS Pathog 6:e1000895, 2010). Thus, infection with M. marinum may offer a unique murine model for studying granuloma formation as well as latency— and possibly also for studies of disease-reactivation. In addition to the in vivo model, we describe infection of bone marrow-derived murine macrophages, an in vitro platform enabling detailed mechanistic studies of host-pathogen interactions occurring in the principal host target cell for pathogenic mycobacteria.
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| 12. |
- Movert, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Streptococcal M protein promotes IL-10 production by cGAS-independent activation of the STING signaling pathway
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374 .- 1553-7366. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From an evolutionary point of view a pathogen might benefit from regulating the inflammatory response, both in order to facilitate establishment of colonization and to avoid life-threatening host manifestations, such as septic shock. In agreement with this notion Streptococcus pyogenes exploits type I IFN-signaling to limit detrimental inflammation in infected mice, but the host-pathogen interactions and mechanisms responsible for induction of the type I IFN response have remained unknown. Here we used a macrophage infection model and report that S. pyogenes induces anti-inflammatory IL-10 in an M protein-dependent manner, a function that was mapped to the B- and C-repeat regions of the M5 protein. Intriguingly, IL-10 was produced downstream of type I IFN-signaling, and production of type I IFN occurred via M protein-dependent activation of the STING signaling pathway. Activation of STING was independent of the cytosolic double stranded DNA sensor cGAS, and infection did not induce detectable release into the cytosol of either mitochondrial, nuclear or bacterial DNA–indicating DNA-independent activation of the STING pathway in S. pyogenes infected macrophages. These findings provide mechanistic insight concerning how S. pyogenes induces the type I IFN response and identify a previously unrecognized macrophage-modulating role for the streptococcal M protein that may contribute to curb the inflammatory response to infection.
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| 13. |
- Nätt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Human sperm displays rapid responses to diet
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - San Francisco, CA United States : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 17:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global rise in obesity and steady decline in sperm quality are two alarming trends that have emerged during recent decades. In parallel, evidence from model organisms shows that paternal diet can affect offspring metabolic health in a process involving sperm tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA). Here, we report that human sperm are acutely sensitive to nutrient flux, both in terms of sperm motility and changes in sperm tsRNA. Over the course of a 2-week diet intervention, in which we first introduced a healthy diet followed by a diet rich in sugar, sperm motility increased and stabilized at high levels. Small RNA-seq on repeatedly sampled sperm from the same individuals revealed that tsRNAs were up-regulated by eating a high-sugar diet for just 1 week. Unsupervised clustering identified two independent pathways for the biogenesis of these tsRNAs: one involving a novel class of fragments with specific cleavage in the T-loop of mature nuclear tRNAs and the other exclusively involving mitochondrial tsRNAs. Mitochondrial involvement was further supported by a similar up-regulation of mitochondrial rRNA-derived small RNA (rsRNA). Notably, the changes in sugar-sensitive tsRNA were positively associated with simultaneous changes in sperm motility and negatively associated with obesity in an independent clinical cohort. This rapid response to a dietary intervention on tsRNA in human sperm is attuned with the paternal intergenerational metabolic responses found in model organisms. More importantly, our findings suggest shared diet-sensitive mechanisms between sperm motility and the biogenesis of tsRNA, which provide novel insights about the interplay between nutrition and male reproductive health.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Singh, Kailash, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-35 administration counteracts established murine type 1 diabetes - possible involvement of regulatory T cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 is produced by regulatory T (Treg) cells to suppress autoimmune and inflammatory responses. The role of IL-35 in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains to be answered. To elucidate this, we investigated the kinetics of Treg cell response in the multiple low dose streptozotocin induced (MLDSTZ) T1D model and measured the levels of IL-35 in human T1D patients. We found that Treg cells were increased in MLDSTZ mice. However, the Treg cells showed a decreased production of anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-35, TGF-beta) and increased pro-inflammatory (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-17) cytokines, indicating a phenotypic shift of Treg cells under T1D condition. IL-35 administration effectively both prevented development of, and counteracted established MLDSTZ T1D, seemingly by induction of Eos expression and IL-35 production in Treg cells, thus reversing the phenotypic shift of the Treg cells. IL-35 administration reversed established hyperglycemia in NOD mouse model of T1D. Moreover, circulating IL-35 levels were decreased in human T1D patients compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that insufficient IL-35 levels play a pivotal role in the development of T1D and that treatment with IL-35 should be investigated in treatment of T1D and other autoimmune diseases.
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| 16. |
- Wallin, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Envisioning future forested landscapes in Sweden - Revealing local-national discrepancies through participatory action research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 73, s. 25-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governance of forested landscapes must account for multiple interests and perspectives through public and stakeholder participation. In the context of Swedish forestry, participation has mainly been implemented as a top-down venture, without adequate integration of all interests. Linking local interests to national policy-making through participatory action research and future-oriented methodologies has not yet been tried in Sweden. We develop and implement a participatory action research model with the objectives to (i) facilitate a discussion among local stakeholders about their common future in relation to their forested landscapes and, (ii) to connect the local level with the national, institutional level. First, local stakeholders are brought together to create commonly desired visions in case studies of two forested landscapes in Sweden. Second, national policy-makers are engaged in a discussion on how to achieve the locally-desired visions. The ability of the two-step participatory action research model to achieve these objectives is then evaluated based on norms of Communicative Action and criteria of participatory planning. The results demonstrate the positive opportunity to engage local stakeholders in a constructive discussion about their common future, but also show some practical constraints of participatory methods, in particular the risk of institutional authorities disregarding local knowledge and claims. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
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