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1.	Carlsson, Vanja, 1985, et al. (författare) Intervjuer 2020 Ingår i: Andra hjälpen: allt du behöver veta för att skriva en uppsats. Abrahamson Löfström, C., och Rombach, B. (red.). - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144130682 ; , s. 93-105 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
2.	Rohrer, Julia M., et al. (författare) Putting the Self in Self-Correction : Findings From the Loss-of-Confidence Project 2021 Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 16:6, s. 1255-1269 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Science is often perceived to be a self-correcting enterprise. In principle, the assessment of scientific claims is supposed to proceed in a cumulative fashion, with the reigning theories of the day progressively approximating truth more accurately over time. In practice, however, cumulative self-correction tends to proceed less efficiently than one might naively suppose. Far from evaluating new evidence dispassionately and infallibly, individual scientists often cling stubbornly to prior findings. Here we explore the dynamics of scientific self-correction at an individual rather than collective level. In 13 written statements, researchers from diverse branches of psychology share why and how they have lost confidence in one of their own published findings. We qualitatively characterize these disclosures and explore their implications. A cross-disciplinary survey suggests that such loss-of-confidence sentiments are surprisingly common among members of the broader scientific population yet rarely become part of the public record. We argue that removing barriers to self-correction at the individual level is imperative if the scientific community as a whole is to achieve the ideal of efficient self-correction.
3.	Bertmar, Sofia, et al. (författare) Who's Most Targeted and Does My New Adblocker Really Help : A Profile-based Evaluation of Personalized Advertising 2021 Ingår i: Proc. ACM CCS Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (ACM WPES @CCS). - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450385275 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract There is limited prior work studying how the ad personalization experienced by different users is impacted by the use of adblockers, geographic location, the user's persona, or what browser they use. To address this void, this paper presents a novel profile-based evaluation of the personalization experienced by carefully crafted user profiles. Our evaluation framework impersonates different users and captures how the personalization changes over time, how it changes when adding or removing an extension, and perhaps most importantly how the results differ depending on the profile's persona (e.g., interest, occupation, age, gender), geographic location (US East, US West, UK), what browser extension they use (none, AdBlock, AdBlock Plus, Ghostery, CatBlock), what browser they use (Chrome, Firefox), and whether they are logged in to their Google account. By comparing and contrasting observed differences we provide insights that help explain why some user groups may feel more targeted than others and why some people may feel even more targeted after having turned on their adblocker.
4.	Carlsson, Josefine, et al. (författare) Health risks from exposure to chemicals in clothing - Non-regulated halogenated aromatic compounds 2024 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 363 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate some commonly detected halogenated textile pollutants for their bioavailability and hazardous properties. Release into artificial sweat and skin absorption in vitro were examined as well as mutagenic effects by Ames test, and skin-sensitizing properties from a peptide reactivity assay combined with a cell test. All investigated compounds were shown to migrate from the textile into sweat and be absorbed by the skin, although to a different extent. The experimental values for migration were found to be up to 390 times higher compared to literature values. Two of the studied compounds, 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene and 3,5-dinitrobromobenzene, both exhibited mutagenic effects in the Ames test, while both 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene and 2,6-dichlorobenzene-1,4-diamine were classified as skin sensitizers. The allergenic reactivity of the latter was found to be due to an oxidized transformation product. Risks for the induction of skin allergy and other non-carcinogenic effects from dermal exposure to the individual compounds were found low, even when considering clothing with the highest reported levels. However, the complex mixtures of chemicals often present in garments may still constitute a health risk, especially when considering the many hours of daily exposure. It is important to further study the toxicity of other frequently occurring chemicals as well as the synergistic effects of chemicals that co-occur in clothing.
5.	Carlsson, Julia (författare) Intraprenad som driftsform för gymnasieskolan : Utvärdering av intraprenad på Angeredsgymnasiet 2016-1019 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I denna rapport presenteras resultatet av en utvärdering som är gjord av intraprenad på Angeredsgymnasiet i Göteborgs stad mellan åren 2016-2019. Utbildningsförvaltningen gav uppdraget att utvärdera intraprenad på Angeredsgymnasiet till Förvaltningshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet, och sedan hösten 2016 har ett arbete pågått med att följa introduktion och användning av driftsformen. Utvärderingsuppdraget flyttade hösten 2019 från Förvaltningshögskolan till Sektionen för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd vid Borås Högskola, var arbetet avslutades. Studien är genomförd av Julia Carlsson, doktor i offentlig förvaltning, som idag är verksam som lärare och forskare vid Högskolan i Borås.
6.	Carlsson, Julia Sofia, et al. (författare) Digitaliserat ekonomiskt bistånd – Konstruktioner av ”nya” relationer inom socialtjänsten 2021 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport syftar till att belysa om, och i så fall hur, klienters tillgång till välfärdsservice förändras vid användningen av digitala verktyg inom socialtjänsten. Forskningsfrågan som guidar studien är: hur påverkas relationen mellan socialsekreterare och klient av införandet av digitala verktyg inom ekonomiskt bistånd?I studien undersöks socialsekreterares uppfattningar om sin relation till klienter i tre olika kommuner. Genom ett urval av tre kommuner som kommit olika långt i sitt digitaliseringsarbete öppnar studien upp för en jämförelse mellan socialsekreterarnas beskrivningar. I jämförelsen uppmärksammas skillnader mellan beskrivningar av relationen mellan socialsekreterare och klient. Genom att studera skillnader synliggörs om, och i så fall hur, digitala verktyg har en inverkan på relationen mellan socialsekreterare och klient.Valet att ställa relationen i fokus i studien grundar sig på att tidigare forskning pekar på att relationen mellan ”det offentliga” och invånare är central för invånares tillgång till välfärdsservice och förutsättning för offentligt stöd. I förlängningen blir därigenom studien en grund för att diskutera om och hur klienters tillgång till ekonomiskt bistånd förändras vid introduktionen av digitala verktyg och huruvida det finns en risk för ett digitalt utanförskap.Resultatet från studien visar att den arbetsdelning som följer av en digitalisering kan påverka till en ökad distans mellan socialsekreterare och klientklienter och att det med digitalisering följer en retorik som handlar om att mer ansvar bör läggas på enskilda medborgare. Det kan för den enskilda klienten leda till ett ökat ansvar över att driva det egna ärendet i relation till myndigheten och därigenom försämra klienters tillgång till välfärdsservice för klienter. Dock behöver inte så vara fallet. Studiens resultat visar samtidigt att socialsekreterare och ekonomisekreterare till stor del betraktar de digitala verktygen som ett komplement, som breddar tillgängligheten och att medvetenheten om risker för ett digitalt utanförskap ger en lyhördhet inför om klienter har behov av stöd. Med andra ord visar studien hur socialsekreterare och/eller ekonomisekreterare arbetar för att kompensera för teknikens brister.
7.	Carlsson, Julia Sofia (författare) Exploring the many tales behind success : understanding translations of the “intrapreneurships” management fashion as editing processes 2021 Ingår i: Qualitative research in organization and management. - : Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.. - 1746-5648 .- 1746-5656. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: The paper explores a management fashion within the Swedish Public Sector called intrapreneurships. Intrapreneurships became popular during a period of public debate on what forms of organizing are most suitable for the production of welfare. However, while the popularity of the model was short-lived, a few municipalities nevertheless constitute examples of where it was supported for a longer period. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the model became continuously legitimate having lost its appeal elsewhere.Design/methodology/approach: The paper comprises a longitudinal analysis of two municipalities. Field-material was collected through qualitative methods including interviews (35 interviews, 42 interviewees) and document analysis.Findings: The results draw attention to how management fashions become enduring. The metaphor of translation highlights how different professional actors in a local setting apply editing rules, and how they constitute work acquired for continuous translation of the model in order to make it legitimate, disseminated and supported. The study draws particular attention to the large number of actors involved in the editing process.Originality/value: Besides an extended understanding of management concepts, to explain the anomaly of a long-standing management fashion, the paper illustrates the importance of acknowledging editing as processes and not process. A key notion in why intrapreneurships became legitimate is that professional actors edited the model differently in order to satisfy their desires and needs. This contradicts the more common case study design in translation studies, which seeks a unitary translation process, in a single local setting. © 2021, Julia Sofia Carlsson.
8.	Hjärpe, Teres, et al. (författare) Digitalized Social Services : Formation of "new" street-level relations and professional compensation 2024 Ingår i: ; , s. 1-21 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This paper investigates social workers' perceptions of their relationships with clients across three Swedish different municipalities. By selecting three municipalities at varying stages of digitalization, the study highlights differences in the descriptions of the relationship between social workers and clients, shedding light on whether, and if so, how, digital tools influence this relationship.The decision to focus on the relationship in the study is based on previous research indicating that the relationship between the social worker and the client is central to clients´access to welfare services and the provision of public support. Consequently, the study serves as a basis for discussing whether and how clients' access to financial assistance changes with the introduction of digital tools and whether there is a risk of digital exclusion.The results of the study indicate that the division of labor resulting from digitalization can lead to increased distance between social workers and clients, and that digitalization entails a rhetoric suggesting that more responsibility should be placed on individual citizens. This may result in increased responsibility for individual clients to manage their own cases in relation to the authorities, potentially impairing clients' access to welfare services. However, this may not necessarily be the case. The study's results also show that social workers and financial administrators largely view digital tools as a complement, expanding accessibility, and that awareness of the risks of digital exclusion fosters sensitivity to whether clients need support. In other words, the study demonstrates how social workers and/or financial administrators work to compensate for the shortcomings of technology.
9.	Lagerqvist, Nina, et al. (författare) Evaluation of 11 SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests by using samples from patients with defined IgG antibody titers 2021 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We evaluated the performance of 11 SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests using a reference set of heat-inactivated samples from 278 unexposed persons and 258 COVID-19 patients, some of whom contributed serial samples. The reference set included samples with a variation in SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers, as determined by an in-house immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The five evaluated rapid diagnostic tests had a specificity of 99.0% and a sensitivity that ranged from 56.3 to 81.6% and decreased with low IFA IgG titers. The specificity was > 99% for five out of six platform-based tests, and when assessed using samples collected ≥ 22 days after symptom onset, two assays had a sensitivity of > 96%. These two assays also detected samples with low IFA titers more frequently than the other assays. In conclusion, the evaluated antibody tests showed a heterogeneity in their performances and only a few tests performed well with samples having low IFA IgG titers, an important aspect for diagnostics and epidemiological investigations.
10.	Lienard, Julia, et al. (författare) A Murine Mycobacterium marinum Infection Model for Longitudinal Analyses of Disease Development and the Inflammatory Response 2023. - 2 Ingår i: Bacterial Pathogenesis : Methods and Protocols - Methods and Protocols. - 1064-3745 .- 1940-6029. - 9781071632451 - 9781071632437 ; 2674, s. 313-326 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis, are a major health problem globally. Prevention and treatments of tuberculosis are challenging due to the poor efficacy of the current vaccine and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, it is critical to increase our basic understanding of mycobacterial virulence strategies as well as the host immune response during infection in the complex in vivo setting. While existing infection models provide valuable tools for investigating mycobacterial pathogenesis, they also exhibit limitations that can be addressed by the development of complementary models. Here we describe recent advances to the murine Mycobacterium marinum infection model, in which the bacteria produce a local infection restricted to the tail tissue. The M. marinum model has the advantage of mimicking some of the key hallmarks of human tuberculosis not replicated in the conventional murine Mycobacterium tuberculosis model, such as the formation of granulomas with central caseating necrosis and the spontaneous development of a latency-like stage. Moreover, the model is non-lethal and enables longitudinal analysis of disease development in live animals. In this chapter, we report protocols to prepare infected tissue samples for detailed and quantitative analysis of the immune response by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot, as well as for the analysis of bacterial load and localization.
11.	Lienard, Julia, et al. (författare) Intragranuloma Accumulation and Inflammatory Differentiation of Neutrophils Underlie Mycobacterial ESX-1-Dependent Immunopathology 2023 Ingår i: mBio. - 2161-2129. ; 14:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The conserved ESX-1 type VII secretion system is a major virulence determinant of pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum. ESX-1 is known to interact with infected macrophages, but its potential roles in regulating other host cells and immunopathology have remained largely unexplored. Using a murine M. marinum infection model, we identify neutrophils and Ly6C +MHCII + monocytes as the main cellular reservoirs for the bacteria. We show that ESX-1 promotes intragranuloma accumulation of neutrophils and that neutrophils have a previously unrecognized required role in executing ESX-1-mediated pathology. To explore if ESX-1 also regulates the function of recruited neutrophils, we performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis that indicated that ESX-1 drives newly recruited uninfected neutrophils into an inflammatory phenotype via an extrinsic mechanism. In contrast, monocytes restricted the accumulation of neutrophils and immunopathology, demonstrating a major host-protective function for monocytes specifically by suppressing ESX-1-dependent neutrophilic inflammation. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was required for the suppressive mechanism, and we identified Ly6C +MHCII + monocytes as the main iNOS-expressing cell type in the infected tissue. These results suggest that ESX-1 mediates immunopathology by promoting neutrophil accumulation and phenotypic differentiation in the infected tissue, and they demonstrate an antagonistic interplay between monocytes and neutrophils by which monocytes suppress host-detrimental neutrophilic inflammation. IMPORTANCE The ESX-1 type VII secretion system is required for virulence of pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ESX-1 interacts with infected macrophages, but its potential roles in regulating other host cells and immunopathology have remained largely unexplored. We demonstrate that ESX-1 promotes immunopathology by driving intragranuloma accumulation of neutrophils, which upon arrival adopt an inflammatory phenotype in an ESX-1-dependent manner. In contrast, monocytes limited the accumulation of neutrophils and neutrophil-mediated pathology via an iNOS-dependent mechanism, suggesting a major host-protective function for monocytes specifically by restricting ESX-1-dependent neutrophilic inflammation. These findings provide insight into how ESX-1 promotes disease, and they reveal an antagonistic functional relationship between monocytes and neutrophils that might regulate immunopathology not only in mycobacterial infection but also in other infections as well as in inflammatory conditions and cancer.
12.	Lienard, Julia, et al. (författare) The Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 system mediates phagosomal permeabilization and type I interferon production via separable mechanisms 2020 Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 117:2, s. 1160-1166 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Following mycobacterial entry into macrophages the ESX-1 type VII secretion system promotes phagosomal permeabilization and type I IFN production, key features of tuberculosis pathogenesis. The current model states that the secreted substrate ESAT-6 is required for membrane permeabilization and that a subsequent passive leakage of extracellular bacterial DNA into the host cell cytosol is sensed by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway to induce type I IFN production. We employed a collection of Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 transposon mutants in a macrophage infection model and show that permeabilization of the phagosomal membrane does not require ESAT-6 secretion. Moreover, loss of membrane integrity is insufficient to induce type I IFN production. Instead, type I IFN production requires intact ESX-1 function and correlates with release of mitochondrial and nuclear host DNA into the cytosol, indicating that ESX-1 affects host membrane integrity and DNA release via genetically separable mechanisms. These results suggest a revised model for major aspects of ESX-1-mediated host interactions and put focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which ESX-1 permeabilizes host membranes and induces the type I IFN response, questions of importance for our basic understanding of mycobacterial pathogenesis and innate immune sensing.
13.	Lindblom, Sebastian, et al. (författare) Lifestyle counseling in patients with hypertension in primary health care and its association with antihypertensive pharmacotherapy 2024 Ingår i: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. - 1524-6175 .- 1751-7176. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The study aimed to investigate differences in hypertensive- and cardio-preventive pharmacotherapy depending on if patients with hypertension received lifestyle counseling or not, including the difference between men and women. Data from the Region Stockholm VAL database was used to identify all patients with a hypertension diagnosis and had visited a primary health care center within the past five years. Data included registered diagnoses, pharmacotherapy, and codes for lifestyle counseling. Logistic regression adjusted for age and comorbidity (diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, gout, obesity, heart failure) was used, presenting results as odds ratios (OR) with 99% confidence interval (CI). The study included 130,030 patients with hypertension; 63,402 men and 66,628 women. Patients receiving recommended lifestyle counseling were more frequently treated with three or more hypertensive drugs: women OR 1.38 (1.31, 1.45) and men = 1.36 (1.30, 1.43); certain drug classes: calcium antagonists: women 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) and men 1.11 (1.06, 1.16); thiazide diuretics: women 1.26 (1.20, 1.34) and men 1.25 (1.19, 1.32); and aldosterone antagonists: women 1.25 (1.12, 1.41) and men 1.49 (1.34, 1.65). Patients receiving recommended level of lifestyle counseling with concomitant coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, or stroke were more frequently treated with statins than those who did not. Further, recommended lifestyle counseling was significantly associated with anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation. Lifestyle counseling according to recommendations in national guidelines was significantly associated with a more thorough pharmacological treatment of hypertension, statins, and antithrombotic drugs as well as anticoagulants, in both men and women.
14.	Mansour Aly, Dina, et al. (författare) Genome-wide association analyses highlight etiological differences underlying newly defined subtypes of diabetes 2021 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 53, s. 1534-1542 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Type 2 diabetes has been reproducibly clustered into five subtypes with different disease progression and risk of complications; however, etiological differences are unknown. We used genome-wide association and genetic risk score (GRS) analysis to compare the underlying genetic drivers. Individuals from the Swedish ANDIS (All New Diabetics In Scania) study were compared to individuals without diabetes; the Finnish DIREVA (Diabetes register in Vasa) and Botnia studies were used for replication. We show that subtypes differ with regard to family history of diabetes and association with GRS for diabetes-related traits. The severe insulin-resistant subtype was uniquely associated with GRS for fasting insulin but not with variants in the TCF7L2 locus or GRS reflecting insulin secretion. Further, an SNP (rs10824307) near LRMDA was uniquely associated with mild obesity-related diabetes. Therefore, we conclude that the subtypes have partially distinct genetic backgrounds indicating etiological differences.
15.	Nafees, Zanib, et al. (författare) Adaptation, Translation, and Validation of a Patient-Reported Experience Measure for Children and Young People for the Canadian Context 2024 Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 59:5, s. 810-817 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) evaluate children's and young people's (CYP) perceptions of care. An important PREM developed with and for children was created in London, UK. Given the absence of similar North American instruments, we aimed to adapt, translate, and linguistically validate this instrument for use in a Canadian pediatric outpatient setting.METHODS: A qualitative design was used, involving CYP and their parents/caregivers. Phase 1 entailed the English survey adaptation using think-aloud testing, revision, and cognitive testing. Phase 2 involved translation into French, revision and back-translation, and cognitive testing. Phase 3 encompassed a cross-validation of the English and French versions of the adapted instrument.RESULTS: Fifty-five children in 3 age groups (8-11y, 12-13y, 14-16y) participated in creating the Canadian PREM. In Phases 1 and 2, 41 children participated in reviewing and updating specific questions in the instrument, resulting in adjustments and revisions based on their feedback. In Phase 3, 14 bilingual children linguistically validated the PREM instrument.CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the development of the first Canadian PREM specifically tailored to children. By incorporating the perspectives and preferences of CYP in clinical practice, this approach has the potential to amplify the delivery of patient-centered care for this vulnerable population and ensure that the needs and voices of CYP are acknowledged.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V, Therapeutic.
16.	Orlovska, Julia, 1977, et al. (författare) Design and implementation of driver coach application for pilot assist: A first validation study 2024 Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - 2590-1982. ; 25 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article discusses the importance of driver understanding and trust in Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) and proposes a framework for a personalized driver coaching system called Driver Coach, focusing on the Volvo Pilot Assist (PA) function. Despite the widespread adoption of ADAS, research indicates that many drivers have limited comprehension of ADAS functionality and limitations. Moreover, feedback-related factors play a crucial role in determining drivers’ proper use of ADAS. The article emphasizes the need for appropriate, continual feedback to enhance driver interaction with ADAS. Traditional methods, such as user manuals or supervised test drives, have limitations in effectively conveying critical information and facilitating driver adaptation. To address these challenges, the proposed Driver Coach app provides personalized, real-time recommendations to drivers based on their individual needs and understanding of both the system and driving context. The app was tested in a field trial involving 17 drivers over a four-month period, and the results regarding the logic design verification and the impact of the Driver Coach app on PA usage are presented. The findings highlight the potential of personalized, context-aware coaching systems to improve driver understanding and usage of ADAS.
17.	Stedt, Johanna, et al. (författare) Micro-scale spatial preference and temporal cyclicity linked to foraging in harbour porpoises 2023 Ingår i: Marine Ecology - Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 708, s. 143-161 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Habitat heterogeneity is a crucial driver for species distribution across scales. Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena basin-wide distribution is linked to prey availability, and small-scale (kilometres to tens of kilometres) differences in distribution are prevalent. However, information on porpoise distribution and foraging-behaviour variations on a micro-scale (~100 m to kilometres) is limited. To monitor harbour porpoise distribution and foraging activity on a micro-scale, we deployed passive acoustic dataloggers, logging porpoise acoustic activity at 6 sites in a small, high porpoise-density area in southern Sweden. Data were collected for almost a year, giving detailed time series on porpoise activity. The time series were analysed using dynamic time warping to compare activity patterns between sites. Large differences were found between sites separated by only a few hundred meters, indicating micro-scale spatial preference. Spectral analysis for temporal cyclicity in activity revealed a dominant peak for 24 h cycles with higher activity at night for all sites. All sites also had a second peak for 29.5 d, linked to the lunar cycle with higher activity during full moon. Activity was overall highest during autumn and winter (September-December). Spatial and temporal patterns were linked to foraging, showing a positive correlation between porpoise presence and the percent of time present with detected foraging. The study demonstrates that harbour porpoise spatial distribution on a micro-scale should be considered in e.g. behavioural, management and conservation studies and actions. In addition, we show that time series statistical methodology is informative and appropriate for analysis of acoustic temporal data.
18.	Söderström, Hanna, et al. (författare) Compliance to a Gluten-Free Diet in Swedish Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease 2021 Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 13:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of celiac disease (CD). The replacement of insulin in T1D, and the exclusion of gluten in CD, are lifelong, burdensome treatments. Compliance to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in children with CD is reported to be high, while compliance in children with both diseases has scarcely been studied. To examine compliance to a GFD in children with both T1D and CD, we analyzed tissue transglutaminase IgA-antibodies (tTGA). Moreover, associations between compliance and age, sex, glycemic control, ketoacidosis (DKA), body mass index (BMI), and time of CD diagnosis were investigated. Of the 743 children diagnosed with T1D in southern Sweden between 2005 and 2012, 9% were also diagnosed with CD. Of these, 68% showed good compliance to a GFD, 18% showed intermediate compliance, and 14% were classified as non-compliant. Higher age, poorer HbA1c, and more DKAs were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poorer compliance. In conclusion, we found that compliance to a GFD in children with T1D and CD is likely be lower than in children with CD only. Our results indicate that children with both T1D and CD could need intensified dietary support and that older children and children with poor metabolic control are especially vulnerable subgroups.
19.	Thorngren, Julia, 1993- (författare) Transplantation of stem cell-derived islets as a treatment for type 1 diabetes 2024 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that leads to an immune attack on insulin-producing beta cells, necessitating lifelong insulin therapy. For individuals with brittle diabetes and poor metabolic control, the option of pancreatic human islet transplantation exists. However, the shortage of organ donors and the need for life-long immune suppressive agents pose significant challenges. Stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) present a promising alternative for diabetes treatment. This thesis explores the differentiation and transplantation of SC-islets as a treatment for diabetes. In paper I, three months post-transplantation, the ingrowth of recipient blood vessels and the neural density was higher in SC-islet grafts compared to human islet grafts. Furthermore, there was a higher tendency of blood flow, whereas the oxygenation was twice as high in SC-islet grafts. Both transplanted SC-islets and human islets had formation of amyloid depositions, which can affect the long-term survival and function of transplanted cells. In paper II, a humanized mouse model transplanted with SC-islets or human islets was validated. Transplanted SC-islets or human islets were not completely rejected 11 days after injection with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In vivo imaging and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of injected human immune cells, demonstrating an effective model for studying the human immune responses of allogeneically transplanted islets or SC-islets. In paper III, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, using the DGCR2 affibody, for monitoring transplanted beta cells revealed successful binding to SC-islets and human islets in vitro. PET imaging in vivo demonstrated successful detection of the affibody in transplanted SC-islets. Although, the affibody could be optimized since the signal vanished 30 min after administration. However, DGCR2 remains a promising marker for SC-islet imaging. In paper IV, nanofiltration with a virus clearance filter paper during SC-islet differentiation was evaluated. Filter SC-islets expressed essential markers for beta cells during differentiation in comparable amounts as the control. The filtered SC-islets demonstrated physiological insulin-releasing function similar to that of the control. Nanofiltration did not seem to affect the differentiation of SC-islets. In conclusion, transplantation of SC-islets is a promising future treatment for diabetes, however, long-term effects need to be evaluated.
20.	Wändell, Per, et al. (författare) A machine learning tool for identifying patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in primary care 2024 Ingår i: Primary Care Diabetes. - 1751-9918 .- 1878-0210. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND AND AIM: It is crucial to identify a diabetes diagnosis early. Create a predictive model utilizing machine learning (ML) to identify new cases of diabetes in primary health care (PHC).METHODS: A case-control study utilizing data on PHC visits for sex-, age, and PHC-matched controls. Stochastic gradient boosting was used to construct a model for predicting cases of diabetes based on diagnostic codes from PHC consultations during the year before index (diagnosis) date and number of consultations. Variable importance was estimated using the normalized relative influence (NRI) score. Risks of having diabetes were calculated using odds ratios of marginal effects (ORME). Four groups by age and sex were studied, age-groups 35-64 years and ≥ 65 years in men and women, respectively.RESULTS: The most important predictive factors were hypertension with NRI 21.4-29.7 %, and obesity 4.8-15.2 %. The NRI for other top ten diagnoses and administrative codes generally ranged 1.0-4.2 %.CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the known risk patterns for predicting a new diagnosis of diabetes, and the need to test blood glucose frequently. To assess the full potential of ML for risk prediction purposes in clinical practice, future studies could include clinical data on life-style patterns, laboratory tests and prescribed medication.

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