| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Björn, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Obese (ob) gene defects are rare in human obesity
- 1997
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. - 1071-7323 .- 1550-8528. ; 5:1, s. 30-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of the role of the recently cloned ob-protein (leptin) in the regulation of body fat stores is largely derived from experiments performed in mice. Different mouse models exhibit abnormalities in ob-gene expression, with extreme overexpression in mice which lack bioactive ob-protein, have nonfunctional ob-receptors or hypothalamic lesions, and undetectable expression in mice with suggested defects in regulatory elements. The aim of this study is to examine if defects, corresponding to those in mice, exist in human obesity. Adipose tissue was obtained from 94 adult obese subjects and from six children who had developed obesity after surgery in the hypothalamic region. Total RNA was isolated and ob-gene expression was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot. The coding region of the ob-gene was sequenced in both directions in the 94 obese adults. No mutations were detected in the coding region of the ob-gene and ob-gene expression was detectable in all subjects and none of the subjects had an extreme overexpression. There was no systematic increase in ob-expression in obese children with hypothalamic disease compared to their healthy brothers and sisters. These results show that severe abnormalities involving the ob-gene, analogous to those described in mouse models, are rare in human obesity. We therefore conclude that the cloning and subsequent analysis of the ob-gene has not provided information that can, by itself, explain the genetic component in the development of human obesity.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Junno, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Single-electron devices via controlled assembly of designed nanoparticles
- 1999
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - 0167-9317. ; 47:1-4, s. 179-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-electron transistors (SET) rely for their functionality on extreme control of lithography and lateral positioning as well as of properties of the building blocks from which the devices are built. By an aerosol-based nanoparticle fabrication we can prepare nanocrystals down to sub-10nm dimensions with metallic or semiconducting character, as well as having a core + shell design for definition of tunnel-gaps. We present here results for a type of device that is based on the possibility to design functionality in the internal structure of the nanoparticles which are used as building blocks. We use such pre-fabricated building blocks to construct coulomb blockade devices and show that they operate at temperatures above 150K.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of growth hormone treatment on the leptin system and on energy expenditure in abdominally obese men.
- 1998
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. - 0804-4643. ; 138:4, s. 408-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study has examined the short- and long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment on the leptin system and energy expenditure. Thirty male individuals with abdominal obesity were randomised to GH or placebo treatment in a 9-month, double-blind study. The dose of GH was 9.5 microg/kg, administered subcutaneously every evening. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by a human leptin RIA. Total RNA was isolated from adipose tissue biopsies and leptin mRNA levels were determined by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. Body composition was determined by potassium-40 and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by a computerised, ventilated, open-hood system. As compared with placebo, an overall decrease in serum leptin concentrations as assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) (P < 0.05) and an increase in BMR (AUC, P < 0.05) were observed during GH treatment. The overall GH-induced changes were due to marked changes in serum leptin concentrations and BMR after 6 weeks of treatment. After 9 months of GH treatment there was a significant reduction in body fat (BF) while serum leptin concentrations and BMR did not differ from baseline values. Leptin mRNA levels did not change over the study period. We speculate that long-term GH treatment induces a new energy balance steady state with decreased BF stores. The effects of GH on the leptin system is suggested to be of importance for the maintenance of a lower BF mass.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Human adipose tissue expresses angiotensinogen and enzymes required for its conversion to angiotensin II.
- 1998
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 83:11, s. 3925-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiotensin II regulates blood pressure and may affect adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. Angiotensin II is produced by cleavage of angiotensinogen by renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme in the circulation. In addition, angiotensin II may be produced in various tissues by enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the nonrenin-angiotensin system (NRAS). We have analyzed the expression of angiotensinogen and enzymes required for its conversion to angiotensin II in human adipose tissue. Northern blot demonstrated angiotensinogen expression in adipose tissue from nine obese subjects. Western blot revealed a distinct band of expected size of the angiotensinogen protein (61 kDa) in isolated adipocytes. RT-PCR, followed by Southern blot, demonstrated renin expression in human adipose tissue. Angiotensin-converting enzyme messenger RNA was detected by RT-PCR, and the identity of the PCR products was verified by restriction enzyme cleavage. Transcripts for cathepsin D and cathepsin G, components of the NRAS, were detected by RT-PCR, verified by restriction enzyme cleavage. We conclude that human adipose tissue expresses angiotensinogen and enzymes of RAS and NRAS. This opens the possibility that angiotensinogen-derived peptides, produced in adipose tissue itself, may affect adipogenesis and play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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| 7. |
- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Familial predisposition for obesity may modify the predictive value of serum leptin concentrations for long-term weight change in obese women
- 1998
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ; 67, s. 1119-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Research Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Leptin is believed to play a role in regulating food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of parental history of obesity on the association between baseline serum leptin concentrations and subsequent 4-y weight changes. Changes in food intake were also considered in the analysis. Middle-aged, obese women with no obese parent (n = 25) or at least one obese parent (n = 24) were included in the analysis. At baseline, women with no parental history of obesity and women with a parental history of obesity did not differ in body mass index (in kg/m2: 41.2 and 40.2, respectively) or median leptin concentrations (40.8 and 38.8 microg/L, respectively). Four-year weight changes varied widely in both groups combined (from -30 to 24 kg). Stratified regression analysis, adjusted for age, weight, and height, revealed that high leptin concentrations predicted less weight gain (or more weight loss) in women with no obese parent (beta = -21.2, P = 0.0006) but played no significant role in predicting weight gain in women with at least one obese parent (beta = -3.8, P = 0.41). Adding changes in energy and fat intakes to the model reduced the association between leptin and weight change to nonsignificance in the women with no obese parent, indicating that the effect of leptin could be explained largely by dietary changes. In conclusion, serum leptin concentrations predict long-term weight change in obese women with no history of parental obesity, an association largely mediated by changes in food intake. PMID: 9625082 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 8. |
- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Familial predisposition for obesity may modify the predictive value of serum leptin concentrations for long-term weight change in obese women.
- 1998
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 67:6, s. 1119-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is believed to play a role in regulating food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of parental history of obesity on the association between baseline serum leptin concentrations and subsequent 4-y weight changes. Changes in food intake were also considered in the analysis. Middle-aged, obese women with no obese parent (n = 25) or at least one obese parent (n = 24) were included in the analysis. At baseline, women with no parental history of obesity and women with a parental history of obesity did not differ in body mass index (in kg/m2: 41.2 and 40.2, respectively) or median leptin concentrations (40.8 and 38.8 microg/L, respectively). Four-year weight changes varied widely in both groups combined (from -30 to 24 kg). Stratified regression analysis, adjusted for age, weight, and height, revealed that high leptin concentrations predicted less weight gain (or more weight loss) in women with no obese parent (beta = -21.2, P = 0.0006) but played no significant role in predicting weight gain in women with at least one obese parent (beta = -3.8, P = 0.41). Adding changes in energy and fat intakes to the model reduced the association between leptin and weight change to nonsignificance in the women with no obese parent, indicating that the effect of leptin could be explained largely by dietary changes. In conclusion, serum leptin concentrations predict long-term weight change in obese women with no history of parental obesity, an association largely mediated by changes in food intake.
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| 9. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight, adulthood BMI, and subsequent weight gain in relation to leptin levels in Swedish women
- 1999
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. ; 7, s. 150-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Internal Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden. Lauren.Lissner@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: Leptin seems to be involved in the regulation of energy balance, although little is known about the epidemiology of leptin with respect to prediction of weight gain and incidence of obesity-related diseases. The dual aim of this study is to document characteristics of leptin after long-term storage, and to describe its relation to body weight, from birth to old age, in an ongoing prospective study. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A population-based sample of Swedish women was first examined at the ages of 38 to 60 and re-examined 24 years later. This study used 1358 frozen serum samples that had been stored 29 years for analysis of leptin concentrations and their relation to body weight history. RESULTS: Leptin values obtained from stored samples showed the same correlation with relative weight as that seen in a contemporary sample with similar demographic characteristics. Lower self-reported birth weight was associated with higher leptin levels in adulthood (p = 0.01), controlling for age and adult BMI. Prospective analyses revealed that high leptin in 38 to 46-year-olds predicted subsequent long-term weight gain (p = 0.003), although no significant associations were seen in women initially aged 50 or older. DISCUSSION: It is feasible to use frozen serum for studying leptin in relation to obesity and related developments many years later. High leptin level was a risk factor for subsequent weight gain in 38- and 46-year-old women. Retrospective analyses involving birth weight suggest that leptin resistance in adulthood might have fetal origins. PMID: 10102251 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 10. |
- Torgerson, Jarl S, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
A low serum leptin level at baseline and a large early decline in leptin predict a large 1-year weight reduction in energy-restricted obese humans.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - 0021-972X. ; 84:11, s. 4197-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The difficulty in maintaining weight loss during obesity treatment may be caused by a counteracting neuroendocrine response. It has been proposed that leptin could be a regulator of this response. We examined the relations between leptin levels during an initial very low calorie diet, other simultaneous endocrine changes, and the 1-yr weight reduction. Sixty-nine obese (24 men and 45 women) were treated with very low calorie diet for 16 weeks, followed by a hypocaloric diet for 32 weeks. Serum levels of leptin, insulin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones were measured at weeks 0, 8, and 18. The relative weight reductions after 18 and 48 weeks were 20.1% and 14.4% in men and 15.4% and 11.8% in women. Low initial leptin levels and large declines in serum leptin were associated with a large 1-yr weight loss in both genders. Leptin levels (baseline or changes) were not independently associated with the changes in insulin, cortisol, or thyroid hormones. Our results may indicate that leptin by itself could be of minor importance for the neuroendocrine response to severe caloric restriction in humans.
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| 11. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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High turnover rate of Escherichia coli strains in the intestinal flora of infants in Pakistan.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 587-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Escherichia coli flora of infants in developed countries is dominated by one or a few strains which persist for prolonged periods of time, but no longitudinal studies have been performed in developing countries. To this end, we studied the rectal enterobacterial flora in 22 home-delivered Pakistani infants during their first 6 months of life. Three colonies were isolated and species typed on each of 11 sampling occasions. E. coli isolates were strain typed using electromorphic typing of cytoplasmic enzymes, and their O serogroups were determined. There was a very rapid turnover of enterobacterial strains in the rectal flora of individual infants. On average, 8.5 different E. coli strains were found per infant, and several biotypes of other enterobacteria. Less than 50% of the infants were colonized with E. coli from their mothers, but strains of maternal origin were four times more likely to persists in the infants' flora than other E. coli strains. Enterobacteria other than E. coli were always of non-maternal origin, and Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae biotypes recovered from contaminated feeds were later identified in the infants' rectal flora. An early colonization with klebsiella or enterobacter was significantly associated with diarrhoea during the neonatal period, although these bacteria were not likely to be the cause of the disease. The results suggest that poor hygienic conditions result in an unstable and diverse enterobacterial flora, which may influence infant health.
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| 12. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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P fimbriae and other adhesins enhance intestinal persistence of Escherichia coli in early infancy.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 599-608
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resident and transient Escherichia coli strains were identified in the rectal flora of 22 Pakistani infants followed from birth to 6 months of age. All strains were tested for O-antigen expression, adhesin specificity (P fimbriae, other mannose-resistant adhesins or type 1 fimbriae) and adherence to the colonic cell line HT-29. Resident strains displayed higher mannose-resistant adherence to HT-29 cells, and expressed P fimbriae (P = 0.0036) as well as other mannose-resistant adhesins (P = 0.012) more often than transient strains. In strains acquired during the first month of life, P fimbriae were 12 times more frequent in resident than in transient strains (P = 0.0006). The O-antigen distribution did not differ between resident and transient strains, and none of the resident P-fimbriated strains belonged to previously recognized uropathogenic clones. The results suggest that adhesins mediating adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, especially P fimbriae, enhance the persistence of E. coli in the large intestine of infants.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brånemark, Rickard, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Biomechanical characterization of osseointegration: an experimental in vivo investigation in the beagle dog.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. - : Wiley. - 0736-0266. ; 16:1, s. 61-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports the results of torsion tests, pull-out tests, and lateral loading tests on osseointegrated commercially pure titanium fixtures. The tests were performed in vivo on six beagle dogs. Three fixtures, each with a diameter of 3.7 mm, were installed bilaterally in the tibia of each animal. The mean maximal pull-out load was 1.55 kN (n = 4), the mean maximal lateral transverse load was 0.21 kN (n = 2), the mean maximal lateral axial load was 0.18 kN (n = 2), the mean breakpoint torque was 0.31 Nm (n = 3), and the mean maximal torque was 0.43 Nm (n = 3). The torsion test revealed an almost immediate plastic deformation of the interface between the implant and bone; this indicates that although the contact between the bone and the implant is close, there is no strong bond, at least not in shear. The major transfer of load from the implant to the surrounding bone tissue must therefore depend on the design of the implant. A histological evaluation with measurements of the amount of bone in contact with the fixtures was performed. By the use of the histological and mechanical data, it is possible to estimate shear stresses in bone tissue (pull-out test) and in the interface (torque test). The mean maximal shear stress in bone tissue in the pull-out tests was 100 MPa (n = 4); the mean shear stress in the interface was 4.3 MPa (n = 3) in the torsion tests at the breakpoint torque and was 6.0 MPa (n = 3) at the maximal torque. It was also possible to estimate the shear modulus of elasticity in the pull-out and torque tests. The mean shear modulus in pull-out was 119 MPa (n = 4), and the mean apparent shear modulus in torsion was 9 kPa (n = 3) for an assumed interface thickness of 100 nm and was 86 kPa (n = 3) for an assumed interface thickness of 1,000 nm.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution photoemission from a tunable quantum well: Cu(111)/Na
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 56:3, s. 1593 - 1600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution photoemission (ΔE=5 meV) at a low photon energy (3.82 eV) is used to probe discrete quantum-well-type subband states near, below, and above EF for Cu(111) covered with 2 ML or less of Na. A subband characteristic of the monolayer range shifts gradually to lower energy as the coverage is increased, extending below the Fermi level for coverages above 0.85 ML. Combined with previous observations of shifts for filled and empty states the present results show that the Na monolayer has continuously tunable quantum-well state energies. Beyond the monolayer range quantum-well states characteristic of both one and two atomic layers are observed, indicating growth of the second layer via monolayer high islands. A small downshift, by 25 meV, with increasing coverage in the second layer is ascribed to an increase of the island size. Lorentzian photoemission line shapes are observed for well-ordered samples. The linewidth varies linearly with temprature in the probed range (130–295 K) and this is ascribed to the phonon contribution to the width. Structural disorder leads to an asymmetric line, which is Lorentzian on the steeper, low-kinetic-energy side.
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of structure changes for Li/Cu(111) by photoemission from Li core and quantum-well states
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 57:20, s. 13192 - 13198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Via photoemission from discrete quantum-well valence states and the Li 1s core level, three different types of atom rearrangements are observed for Cu(111)/Li. In the monolayer coverage range gradual energy shifts for the core-level as well as a quantum-well state reflect a gradual lateral compression of the Li overlayer as more atoms are adsorbed. The onset of Li substitution and formation of a (2×2) structure when, at RT, monolayer Li coverage is exceeded, is monitored via the disappearance and appearance of quantum-well states characteristic of the adsorbed full monolayer of Li and the part substitutional (2×2) structure, respectively. A splitting of the Li 1s emission peak into a doublet reflects the two different Li sites characteristic of the (2×2) phase. A small energy shift of the quantum-well state (25 meV) indicates that, if it is cooled (170 K), the substitutional structure is unstable with respect to Li adsorption.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillatory photoemission cross section for alkali monolayer quantum well states
- 1996
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028. ; 352-354, s. 656-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong oscillatory photon energy dependence, observed in the photon energy range between 5 and 26 eV, for the intensity of photoemission peaks due to quantum well states in Na and Cs monolayers on Cu(111) is ascribed to interference between the contributions to the outgoing photoelectron wave from the two tails of the quantum well state.
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| 22. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillatory photoemission cross section for simple-metal quantum wells
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 52:15, s. 11144 - 11146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong, oscillatory photon energy dependence is observed for the intensity of photoemission peaks due to quantum-well states in Na overlayers on Cu(111). The measurements are made at low photon energies (hν
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| 23. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Structure changes for Cu(111)/Li observed via discrete quantum well states
- 1997
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Ingår i: Surface Review and Letters. - 0218-625X. ; 4:6, s. 1233-1237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Via photoemission in the near UV from discrete quantum well states, four different types of atom rearrangements are observed for Cu(111)/Li. In the monolayer range a gradual energy shift reflects a gradual compression of the Li layer as more atoms are adsorbed. The onset of Li substitution and formation of a (2×2) structure when, at RT, monolayer Li coverage is exceeded is monitored via the appearance of a quantum well state characteristic of the new phase. A small energy shift indicates that, if it is cooled (170 K), the new structure is unstable with respect to Li adsorption. Finally, an energy downshift with increasing coverage observed for a state characteristic of 2 ML Li is ascribed to an increasing area for one-atomic-layer-high islands formed by Li atoms on top of the first full layer.
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| 24. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Valence-Electron Resonances in Alkali-Metal Overlayers Observed via Photoemission Line-Shape Changes
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 77:2, s. 346 - 349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Valence-electron resonances for Na overlayers on Ag(111) and Cu(111) are observed by photoemission via line-shape changes for the substrate s,p-band emission in a narrow range of photon energies. The effect is ascribed to interfering contributions to the photoelectron wave from the substrate and the vacuum barrier.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Carlsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of coeliac disease in Turner syndrome
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 88, s. 933-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of coeliac disease in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome. Eighty-seven children and adolescents with Turner syndrome were screened for IgA- antiendomysium antibodies (EMA) and IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA), 5% (4/87) being found to be EMA-positive, and 15% (13/87) to have AGA levels above normal. Of the 10 patients who were either AGA- or EMA-positive and further investigated with intestinal biopsy, four manifested villous atrophy (i.e. all three of the EMA-positive patients, but only one of the seven AGA- positive patients). The results suggest EMA-positivity to be a good immunological marker for use in screening for coeliac disease, and such screening to be justified in patients with Turner syndrome.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Carlsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Conjugate chemistry and cellular processing of EGF-dextran
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 38:3, s. 313-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conjugates with specific binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, of interest for radionuclide based imaging and therapy were prepared using mouse epidermal growth factor, mEGF, and dextran. In one type of conjugate, mEGF was coupled to dextran by reductive amination in which the free amino group on the mEGF N-terminal reacted with the aldehyde group on the reductive end of dextran. The end-end coupled conjugate could be further activated by the cyanopyridinium agent CDAP, thereby introducing tyrosines to the dextran part. In the other type of conjugate, the cyanylating procedure using CDAP was applied, first to activate dextran and then allowing for the amino terminus of mEGF to randomly attach to the dextran. In the latter case, radionuclide-labelled tyrosines or glycines could be added in the same conjugation step. All types of mEGF-dextran conjugates had EGFR-specific binding since the binding could be displaced by an excess of non-radioactive mEGF. The conjugates were to a large extent internalized in the test cells and the associated radioactivity was retained intracellularly for different times depending on both the type of cells and conjugate applied. Different intracellular 'traffic routes' for the radionuclides are discussed as well as applications for both imaging and therapy.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Carlsson, Lars-Göran
(författare)
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Perspektiv på barnuppfostran : En studie av föräldraskap i kristen miljö : [a study of parenting in a Christian context]
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation deals with the raising of children within the framework of the family andfrom the perspective of the parents. The study treats the parents' intentions and understanding of themselves as parents and their thoughts regarding parenting. An investigation wascarried out among parents from Christian contexts characterized as nonconformist and low-church. The purpose was to describe these parents' perspectives, strategies, and practical common sense in childrearing and to understand these aspects in the light of the socio-cultural context and the religious commitment.A questionnaire survey was carried out in a larger group (n=114) and semi-structured,open interviews with eighteen parental couples, selected from the larger group under study.The parents put particularly strong emphasis on the family and family child care in order to create emotional security for the children and to convey Christian faith and traditional ethical values such as reliability and honesty. As a strategy they also stressed church-related activities. In achieving these goals the parents did not want the children to feel estranged from the surrounding secular society. Therefore most of the parents put less emphasis on transmitting an old sub-cultural nonconformist life style.The preferred parenting-strategy seemed to be a guiding and interactive authoritative style with a concomitant idea of Christian parenting as characterized by an understanding-accepting behavior toward the children, with a strong emphasis on the concept of forgiveness-a phenomenon that grew with increased religious commitment. The parents rejected oldfashioned authoritarian child-rearing and wanted to develop a relationship based on confidence and openness. Variations were found in parental patterns related to the family environments, education and religious commitment.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Carlsson, Lars
(författare)
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Nonhierarchical Implementation Analysis: An Alternative to the Methodological Mismatch in Policy Analysis
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0951-6298 .- 1460-3667. ; 8:4, s. 527-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary western societies can be described as negotiated economies, as multi-actor societies with fuzzy borders between public and private organizations and institutions. In this article it is argued that if we aim at understanding the processes of policy-making, we have to start our investigations from a point where we do not unreflectively assume that political administrative hierarchy prevails. The relevance of formal political institutions has to be proved, not taken for granted. Adopting a naive `stage-model' of the policy-making process, however, may lead to anticipating reality, or replacing empirical findings with political administrative norms. This is due not only to the history of political science, with its focus on formal institutions, but also to the fact that hierarchy is a human way of simplifying a complex environment. The implementation structure approach is suggested as an alternative methodological device for conducting a nonhierarchical implementation analysis to circumvent this problem. The approach provides a fruitful point of departure for a broad discussion of alternative ways of achieving constitutional order in society.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Lars
(författare)
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Still going strong : community forests in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Forestry (London). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0015-752X .- 1464-3626. ; 72:1, s. 11-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish forest commons have survived for more than one hundred years; no deforestation has been observed and the total amount of biomass is increasing. The forests are regarded by experts as well managed both in terms of efficiency and with regard to the preservation of biodiversity. Compared with other types of ownership the commons have a very special organization. The base consists of 25000 shareholders. This is a medieval pattern of ownership that seems to survive; moreover, it seems to be quite prosperous within the realm of modern society with its highly competitive forest industries. Three main explanations are discussed: the commons' conscious attempts to reduce transaction costs, their general inventiveness in adjusting to changed circumstances, and their acclimatization to the logic of the negotiated economy characterized by fuzzy borders between different sectors.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Carlsson, Lars
(författare)
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The Swedish common forests : a common property resource in an urban, industrialised society
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper described the institutional functioning of commonly owned forests in Sweden. A total of 33 common forests were designated in 1861 and have been regulated by the same legislation ever since. Shares in the commons were determined by shares in local arable land and benefits to shareholders have included cash payments, private subsidies and local infrastructure. The common forests have competed successfully in timber production with large-scale timber companies, which the author ascribed to their low transaction costs. They also scored highly on three of five criteria of institutional performance. Overall, their success might be due to their efficient integration into, rather than separation from, the formal economy.
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- Dahlström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive-behavioral profiles among different categories of orofacial pain patients: diagnostic and treatment implications.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836. ; 105:5 Pt 1, s. 377-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological homogeneity in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is not conclusive. The multidimensional pain inventory (MPI) has previously identified 3 cognitive-behavioral profiles in TMD and chronic pain patients. Our aims were to replicate these findings in another cultural setting and relate the profiles to the diagnosis and to the treatment demand and outcome. The MPI was administered to 112 referrals comprising 6 categories of patients diagnosed with TMD or intractable orofacial pain. Dysfunctional profiles (high in pain and distress) were most common in patients with orofacial pain of obscure origin and more common in myofascial pain patients than in patients with other TMD diagnoses. Interpersonally-distressed profiles were found in all categories. Among patients with disk displacement, the 3rd profile (adaptive copers with low pain and distress and high control and activity) was most common in earlier successfully diskectomized patients and least common in those about to undergo invasive interventions. A dysfunctional profile was associated with treatment failure, conservative or surgical, and with the demand for radical therapy. Some support for a cyclical causality between pain and psychological factors was found. It is concluded that the robustness of the MPI as a relevant assessment instrument was further strengthened.
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