| 1. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of terawatt lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: LASER SPECTROSCOPY - XITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 1563962624 ; :290, s. 264-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Lusk, E., et al.
(författare)
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The Aurora or-parallel Prolog system
- 1990. - 2
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Ingår i: New generation computing. - : ICOT, Tokyo, Japan. - 0288-3635 .- 1882-7055. ; 7:2,3, s. 243-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 80:6-7, s. 602-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rectal cultures from Swedish and Pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. Swedish infants were delivered vaginally, Pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. The Swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the Pakistani infants. Both groups of Pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the Swedish infants. Cultures from Swedish infants seldom yielded more than one kind of enterobacteria; E. coli and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated. E. coli dominated in both Pakistani groups, but especially caesarean section delivered infants were in addition often colonized with Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species. Breastfeeding from the first day of life reduced colonization with Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter. The results suggest that environmental exposure, delivery mode and early feeding habits all influence the early intestinal colonization with enterobacteria.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- De Pergola, G, et al.
(författare)
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Amount of G-protein alpha-subunit in rat white adipocytes: lack of difference between subcutaneous and visceral fat.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta endocrinologica. - 0001-5598. ; 129:4, s. 366-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been the purpose of this study to examine possible differences in the amount of stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (Gi) G-protein alpha-subunits (measured with a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fat cell membrane preparation) between subcutaneous and intra-abdominal regions in rats. The lipolytic response to isoproterenol and the number of beta-adrenergic binding sites were also examined. These parameters were all evaluated simultaneously in subcutaneous (inguinal), epididymal and perirenal fat samples collected from six male Sprague-Dawley rats. The membrane contents of the Gs and Gi alpha-subunits were similar in the three depots. Moreover, no difference was found among the different regions with regard to isoproterenol-stimulated glycerol release and beta-adrenoceptor number, expressed per cell number. In conclusion, the present study shows for the first time in rats that the abundance of inhibitory and stimulatory G-protein alpha-subunits is similar in subcutaneous and in visceral adipocytes. Moreover, the number of beta-adrenoceptors and the lipolytic response to isoproterenol do not show significant variations with the anatomical site. As the present results are apparently in contrast with those obtained previously in human adipocytes, there is a possibility that the different results observed in rat and in human fat cells could be explained by species differences.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hallberg, Lillemor R-M, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative study of strategies for managing a hearing impairment.
- 1991
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Ingår i: British journal of audiology. - 0300-5364. ; 25:3, s. 201-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of what hearing-impaired people are doing to deal with demanding auditory situations in everyday life. Twelve middle-aged subjects with clinical hearing impairments were interviewed monthly during 5 months. The interviews focused on the subjects' own descriptions of demanding auditory situations and what they did, thought and felt in these situations. Verbatim transcribed protocols were content-analysed according to Grounded Theory. Fourteen categories were grounded in the data, forming a model for dealing with demanding auditory situations, including two qualitatively different management patterns: 'to control the social scene' and 'to avoid the social scene'. The emerging core variable was socio-psychological: the hearing-impaired individuals strive to maintain the normal identity and to prevent their definition as deviant in interactions with hearing people. The result of the inductive study was verified in a deductive study of 50 hearing-impaired subjects.
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| 8. |
- Hallberg, Lillemor R-M, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Att höra dåligt och att anpassa sig
- 1990
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Ingår i: Social Forskning. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hallberg, Lillemor R-M, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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General and specific coping strategies used by middle-aged males with noise-induced hearing loss, with or without tinnitus
- 1992
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Ingår i: Tinnitus, 91: Proceedings of the fourth international tinnitus seminar, Bordeaux, France, August 27-30, 1991. J-M Aran & R Dauman, eds. Kugler Publ., Amsterdam/New York, 1992.. - 9062990878 ; , s. 471-475
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Hallberg, Lillemor R-M, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Hearing impairment, coping and perceived hearing handicap in middle-aged subjects with acquired hearing loss.
- 1991
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Ingår i: British journal of audiology. - 0300-5364. ; 25:5, s. 323-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coping strategies are presumed to be modifying factors between a hearing impairment and the perceived handicap. The focus of this investigation was to explore audiological and psychological factors affecting the perceived handicap in hearing-impaired middle-aged subjects. The Hearing Measurement Scale, supplemented by a subjective estimation of the perceived handicap, was used as the dependent variable in a study of 62 subjects, heterogeneous as to type and severity of hearing loss and to hearing aid use. In a stepwise regression analysis, maladaptive communication strategies as well as active and constructive coping behaviours were found to increase the self-perception of hearing handicap. Other significant variables were severity of hearing loss and years of education. Tinnitus symptoms did not contribute to the explained variance in the perceived handicap, which was an unexpected finding. A conclusion that may be drawn from the present study is that active coping strategies tend to focus attention on disability and thereby increase perceived handicap.
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| 12. |
- Hallberg, Lillemor R-M, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of a Swedish version of the communication strategies scale of the communication profile for the hearing impaired.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of speech and hearing research. - 0022-4685. ; 35:3, s. 666-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Communication Strategies scale of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired (CPHI) was translated into Swedish and used in several studies of people with hearing impairment (Hallberg & Carlsson, in press; Hallberg, Erlandsson, & Carlsson, 1991). In this study the scale was evaluated in terms of descriptive statistics, corrected item-total correlations, principal component analysis, and internal consistency reliability. Agreement with results from American studies is surprisingly good. Normative data based on three samples are presented: a general Swedish hearing-impaired sample with predominantly sensorineural hearing loss (N = 199), a subgroup of 105 younger subjects with noise-induced hearing loss, and a subgroup of 39 older subjects with sensorineural hearing loss due to heredity and/or old age. A significantly more frequent use of maladaptive behaviors (p less than .001) and verbal communication strategies (p less than .01) was reported by older subjects with age-related and/or hereditary hearing loss than by younger subjects with noise-induced hearing loss. The Communication Strategies scale seems to be an adequately reliable and clinically useful instrument for assessing adaptive and maladaptive strategies in hearing-impaired subjects.
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| 13. |
- Landin-Olsson, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Immunoreactive trypsin(Ogen) in the sera of children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and matched controls
- 1990
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177. ; 5:3, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function at the time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we determined immunoreactive an-odal and cathodal trypsin(ogen) levels in sera from almost all children (n = 375) 0-14 years of age in Sweden in whom diabetes developed during 1 year, and in sex-, age-, and geographically matched control subjects (n = 312). The median level of anodal trypsin(ogen) was 5 (quartile range, 3-7) µg/L in children with newly diagnosed diabetes, compared with a median level of 7 (quartile range, 4-8) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the median level of cathodal trypsin(ogen) was 8 (quartile range, 4-10) µg/L in children with diabetes, compared with a median level of 11 (quartile range, 7-15) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). The median of the individual ratios between cathodal and anodal trypsin(ogen) was 1.4 in the diabetic patients and 1.7 in the control children (p < 0.001). In a multivariate test, however, only the decrease in cathodal trypsin(ogen) concentration was associated with diabetes. The levels of trypsin(ogen)s did not correlate with levels of islet cell antibodies, present in 81% of the diabetic children. Several mechanisms may explain our findings, for example, similar pathogenetic factors may affect both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas simultaneously, a failing local trophic stimulation by insulin on the exocrine cells may decrease the trypsinogen production, and there may be an increased elimination of trypsin(ogen) because of higher filtration through the kidneys in the hyperglycemic state.
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| 14. |
- Lidén, E, et al.
(författare)
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Surface modification and dispersion of silicon nitride and silicon carbide powders
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 7, s. 361-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A surface modification technique using controlled hydrolysis and polymerization of Al-alkoxide is oresented. It was found by measuring the electrokinetic behaviour and the adsorption properties that a minimum amount of about 0.5 mg Al/m2 was necessary to give SiC and Si3N4 in cyclohexane using a commercial dispersant with an acidic headgroup.
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| 15. |
- Lodinová-Zádníková, R, et al.
(författare)
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The antibody response in breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants after artificial colonization of the intestine with Escherichia coli O83.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 29:4 Pt 1, s. 396-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The local and systemic antibody response after oral administration of a nonenteropathogenic type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli O83 strain was followed in nine breast-fed and eight formula-fed infants during their first 15 wk of life. Five breast-fed and six formula-fed infants were followed as controls. E. coli O83 was detected in the stools of colonized infants from d 2 after colonization and persisted in the intestine for up to 26 wk. The percentage of children successfully colonized with E. coli O83 was higher among breast-fed than among formula-fed colonized infants. Also, the O83 bacteria isolated from the breast-fed children had a higher capacity to attach to colonic epithelial cells of the HT-29 cell line than those isolated from bottle-fed infants. E. coli O83 IgA and IgM antibodies estimated by ELISA were significantly elevated in the saliva of colonized as compared with control infants 2-7 wk after colonization. IgA antibodies against O83 were also higher in the stool of colonized formula-fed infants than in formula-fed controls. The results suggest that the mucosal immune system of the newborn infant can be triggered early to produce specific antibodies against bacteria colonizing the intestine.
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| 16. |
- Moore, R, et al.
(författare)
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Generalization of effects of dental fear treatment in a self-referred population of odontophobics.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry. - 0005-7916. ; 22:4, s. 243-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of dental fear treatment on general anxiety and mood in 60 dental phobics with high and low general anxiety were compared with "attention" effects in 75 dental phobics on a waiting list using the Dental Anxiety Scale, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a modified Fear Survey Schedule. Positive effects of the treatment were apparent in reduced dental and general fearfulness as well as elevated mood on numerous measures that paralleled dentist ratings of patient behavior. Ss had less fear of going to the next dentist after the program than before, according to a visual analogue measure. Ninety-three percent of Ss started dental treatment with private dentists within 1 year.
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| 17. |
- Moore, R, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and clinical usefulness of psychometric measures in a self-referred population of odontophobics.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. - 0301-5661. ; 19:6, s. 347-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questionnaire responses of 155 self-referred subjects with extreme dental fear were used to evaluate the reliability and clinical usefulness of some psychometric tests used in diagnosis and treatment. The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a general Geer Fear Scale (GFS) were filled out by all subjects, while 80 patients with highest dental fear scores were also tested before and after dental fear treatment with the following scales; a Getz Dental Belief Survey (DBS), Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and a Mood Adjective Checklist (MACL). Cronbach's alpha measured internal consistency reliability. SPSS data analyses calculated item-remainder and test-retest correlations. Clinical usefulness of scales was judged by Spearman correlations of initial scores and test score changes after dental fear treatment. All total test scores showed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. DFS was judged the preferred clinical measure of threatening perceptions of pain or unpleasantness specific to dental procedures. DBS and STAI-State measured confidence in relating with the dentist and situational fear associated with that relationship. GFS, STAI-Trait, and MACL discriminated levels of general fearfulness, anxiety and mood fluctuations that can impact on dental fear.
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| 18. |
- Ohlin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of human B lymphocytes : the effect of l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester on inhibitory T cell populations
- 1992
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Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - 0165-2478. ; 34:3, s. 221-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epstein-Barr virus-mediated transformation of human B lymphocytes is inhibited by human T lymphocytes as well as by interferon-γ. Removal of the inhibitory cell populations is essential in order to achieve successful transformation in vitro. Cells with the capacity to inhibit outgrowth of lymphoblastoid cell lines can be removed by pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester. This treatment eliminates monocytes, NK-cells and a CD8+ T cell subpopulation. We now show that such treatment also has toxic effects on other human T cell populations. In addition, CD4+ and/or CD8+ lymphocytes are demonstrated to contain effector cell activities which inhibit outgrowth of EBV-transformed B cells. This inhibitory activity is abolished after treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified CD4+ T cells with l-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester. No evidence was found for a selective toxicity against any subset within the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell populations. However, the capacity of the treated cells, both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4+ T lymphocytes, to produce mRNA encoding IFN-γ, a protein previously shown to downregulate outgrowth of EBV-transformed B cells, was selectively impaired. The results obtained suggest a role for CD4+ T cells to inhibit EBV-induced transformation of B cells.
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| 19. |
- Sandborg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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The choice of anti-scatter grids in diagnostic radiology : the optimization of image quality and absorbed dose
- 1993
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Monte Carlo model is developed to study and optimise the design of antiscatter grids in diagnostic radiology. The imaging chain including X-ray energy spectra, phantom (representing the patient), grid and image receptor is simulated. Image quality is quantified in terms of contrast (conventionai screen-film imaging) and signal-to-noise ratio, SNR (digital imaging) and the radiation detriment to the patient (risk) by the mean absorbed dose in the phantom. The advantages of using fibre instead of aluminium for grid interspaces and covers are quantified. Compared to aluminium grids, the absorbed dose is reduced by 10-50%, contrast is improved by 0-10% and SNR by 10-40% (digital radiography). The advantages are larger at low tube potentials and for grids with high ratio and low strip density. Commercial grids, with different interspace materials, strip density, strip width and grid ratio, are compared in paediatric, lumbar spine and chest examinations. The differences in dose increase and contrast improvement factors obtained with these grids are mainly due to the use of different materials in the grid interspaces, but the strip design is also important. In a global optimisation of grid design and tube potential at fixed contrast, it is found that grids of different strip density and ratio all can have good performances provided that they are used with appropriate strip width and tube potential. In the paediatric examination, low ratio grids need thinner strips than used today to be optimal. A small air gap could alternatively be used. In examinations with more scatter (adult AP), present commercial grids are optimal (r=12-16, d=30-50µm). In the lateral view (even more scatter), grids with ratios larger than 16 are optimal provided the grid can be accurately aligned in the beam. The optimization is performed with grids with fibre interspaces and covers since low atomic number materials should preferably be used for materials between the patient and the receptor. Optimal grids with aluminium for these components have lower grid ratio and higher strip densities than optimal fibre grids.
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