| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
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An Agent-Based Approach for Modeling Real-Time Travel Information in Transit Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AMBIENT SYSTEMS, NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGIES (ANT-2014), THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SEIT-2014). - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 744-749
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time travel information (RTI) systems are rapidly developed and deployed worldwide using the abundance of instantaneous data and dissemination means. This paper presents a framework for a multi-agent simulation model that emulates the generation and dissemination of RTI. The evolution of transit reliability influences both the performance of RTI generation schemes and the potential benefits that such information could yield. An iterative within-day network loading and a day-to-day learning process represent both service provider and service user ability to apply and adapt their strategies based on past performance and predictions. A case study illustrates model capabilities by applying BusMezzo, an agent-based simulation model of vehicles and travellers. The proposed model facilitates the analysis of alternative prediction schemes as well as the impact of their provision on system performance.
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| 3. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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An implementation of regularity-driven bus service : development of alternative business models
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena (TRA) 2014 Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service reliability is a key determinant of public transport performance. In the context of high-frequency urban lines, irregular service results with long waiting times, bunched vehicles, long delays, uneven passenger loads, poor capacity utilization and higher operational costs. Field experiments were conducted in Stockholm in order to test the feasibility and implications of a regularity-driven operations scheme designed to mitigate bus bunching and facilitated by a real-time control strategy. The results led to an investigation of alternative service indicators and business models that could best support the long-term implementation of operations geared towards better regularity performance. A shift towards regularity-based service requires the consideration of a series of measures along the service chain as it involves a paradigm shift in production planning, operations, control center and performance monitoring.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Bus-Holding Control Strategies Simulation-Based Evaluation and Guidelines for Implementation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2274, s. 100-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit operations involve several inherent sources of uncertainty, including dispatch time from the origin terminal, travel time between stops, and dwell time at stops. Bus-holding control strategies are a prominent method applied by transit operators to improve transit performance and level of service. The common practice is to regulate departures from a limited number of stops by holding buses until their scheduled departure time. An analysis of the performance of a high-frequency bus line in Stockholm, Sweden, based on automatic vehicle location data showed that this control strategy was not effective in improving service regularity along the line. The analysis also indicated that drivers adjusted their speed according to performance objectives. Implications of a control strategy that regulates departures from all stops on the basis of the headways of the preceding bus and the following bus were evaluated with Bus Mezzo, a transit operations simulation model. The results suggest that this strategy can improve service performance considerably from both passengers' and operator's perspectives. In addition, the strategy implies cooperative operations, as the decisions of each driver are interdependent with other drivers' decisions, and mutual corrections can be made. Difficulties in realizing the benefits of the proposed strategy in practice, such as dispatching from the origin terminal, driver scheduling, and compliance, are discussed. The implications of several practical considerations are assessed by conducting a sensitivity analysis as part of the preparations for a field experiment designed to test the proposed control strategy.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
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Dynamic Modeling of Transit Operations and Passenger Decisions
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis and evaluation of transit operations and control, in particular in the context of Advanced Public Transport System (APTS) requires the dynamic modeling of the transit system. A dynamic transit simulation model has to capture the interactions between three main components: passengers, transit operations and traffic dynamics at the network level. BusMezzo is a dynamic transit analysis and evaluation tool that represents timetables, vehicle scheduling, control and management strategies, real-time information and adaptive passenger choices. Individual passengers carry out a sequence of boarding, walking and alighting decisions along their journey. The model had been applied for the evaluation of holding control strategies and information provision scenarios.
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| 9. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
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Dynamic Modelling of Transit Operations and Passenger Decisions
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficient and reliable public transport systems are fundamental in promoting green growth developments in metropolitan areas. A large range of Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS) facilitates the design of real-time operations and demand management. The analysis of transit performance requires a dynamic tool that will enable to emulate the dynamic loading of travelers and their interaction with the transit system. BusMezzo, a dynamic transit operations and assignment model was developed to enable the analysis and evaluation of transit performance and level of service under various system conditions and APTS. The model represents the interactions between traffic dynamics, transit operations and traveler decisions. The model was implemented within a mesoscopic traffic simulation model. The different sources of transit operations uncertainty including traffic conditions, vehicle capacities, dwell times, vehicle schedules and service disruptions are modeled explicitly. The dynamic path choice model in BusMezzo considers each traveler as an adaptive decision maker. Travelers’ progress in the transit system consists of successive decisions that are defined by the need to choose the next path element. The evaluations are based on the respective path alternatives and their anticipated downstream attributes. Travel decisions are modeled within the framework of discrete random utility models. A non-compensatory choice-set generation model and the path utility function were estimated based on a web-based survey. BusMezzo enables the analysis and evaluation of proactive control strategies and the impacts of real-time information provision. Several experiments were conducted to analyze transit performance from travelers, operator and drivers perspectives under various holding strategies. This analysis has facilitated the design of a field trial of the most promising strategy. Furthermore, a case study on real-time traveler information systems regarding the next vehicle arrival time investigated the impacts of various levels of coverage and comprehensiveness. As passengers are more informed, passenger loads are subject to more fluctuation due to the traveler adaptations.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis of Public Transport Networks : Mitigation Effects of Real-Time Information
- 2014
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Ingår i: Networks and Spatial Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-113X .- 1572-9427. ; 14:3-4, s. 435-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a dynamic and stochastic notion of public transport network vulnerability is developed. While previous studies have considered only the network topology, the granular nature of services requires a more refined model for supply and demand interactions in order to evaluate the impacts of disruptions. We extend the measures of betweenness centrality (often used to identify potentially important links) and link importance to a dynamic-stochastic setting from the perspectives of both operators and passengers. We also formalize the value of real-time information (RTI) provision for reducing disruption impacts. The developed measures are applied in a case study for the high-frequency public transport network of Stockholm, Sweden. The importance ranking of the links varies depending on the RTI provision scheme. The results suggest that betweenness centrality (passenger/vehicle flows) may not be a good indicator of link importance. The results of the case study reveal that while service disruptions have negative effects and RTI may have significant positive influence, counter examples also exist due to secondary spillover effects.
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| 13. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of real-time transit information on dynamic passenger path choice.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981. ; 2217, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time information is increasingly being implemented in transit networks worldwide. The evaluation of the effect of real-time information requires dynamic modeling of transit operations and of passenger path choices. This paper presents a dynamic transit analysis and evaluation tool that represents time-tables, operation strategies, real-time information, adaptive passenger choices, and traffic dynamics at the network level. Transit path choices are modeled as a sequence of boarding, walking and alighting decisions that passengers undertake when carrying out their journey. The model is applied to the Metro network of Stockholm, Sweden area under various operating conditions and information provision scenarios, as a proof of concept. An analysis of the results indicates substantial path choice shifts and potential time savings associated with more comprehensive real-time information provision and transfer coordination improvements.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of real-time holding strategies for improved bus service reliability
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC. - Madeira, Portugal. - 9781424476572 ; , s. 718-723
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service reliability is one of the main measures of performance determining transit system level of service. Holding control strategies are a common transit operations practice aimed to reduce transit service unreliability by setting criteria for departure fromtime point stops. In order to adequately analyze the sources of uncertainty involved with transit performance, it is essential to model dynamically the interactions between traffic conditions, passenger demand and transit operations. BusMezzo, a transit simulation model has been developed on a platform of a mesoscopic traffic simulation model, which enables the representation of large-scale transit systems. The model implements severalreal-time holding strategies. It is used to evaluate the application of these strategies in areal-world high-demand bus line in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area, under various scenarios. An analysis of the results suggests that a holding strategy based on the mean headway from the preceding bus and the next bus, restricted by a maximum allowableholding time, is especially efficient.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of holding control strategies on transit performance : A bus simulation model analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2216, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit operators are interested in strategies to improve service reliability as it is an important measure of performance and level of service. One of the common practices aimed at reducing service unreliability is holding control strategies. The design of these strategies involves the selection of a set of time point stops and the holding criteria for regulating the departure time. The interactions between passenger activity, transit operations, and traffic dynamics must be dynamically modeled to analyze the impacts of holding strategies on transit performance. An evaluation of different holding criteria and the number and location of time point stops was conducted with Bus Mezzo, a dynamic transit simulation model. The holding strategies were implemented in the model and applied to a high-frequency trunk bus line in Stockholm, Sweden. The analysis of the results considers the implications of holding strategies from both passenger and operator perspectives. The analysis suggests substantial gains are possible by implementing a holding strategy on the basis of the mean headway from the preceding and the succeeding buses. This strategy is the most efficient for passenger time savings as well as fleet costs and crew management.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Mesoscopic Modeling of Bus Public Transportation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2188, s. 9-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of public transport system performance and level of service in urban areas is essential. Dynamic modeling of traffic conditions, passenger demand, and transit operations is important to represent adequately the complexity of and the interactions between these components in modern public transportation systems. This paper presents a transit simulation model designed to support evaluation of operations planning and control, especially in the context of advanced public transportation systems. Unlike most previous efforts in this area, the simulation model is built on a platform of a mesoscopic traffic simulation model, which allows modeling or the operation dynamics of large-scale transit systems, taking into account the main sources of service uncertainty and stochasticity. The capabilities of Mezzo as an evaluation tool of transit operations are demonstrated with an application to a real-world, high-demand bus line in metropolitan Tel Aviv, Israel, under various scenarios. The application shows that important phenomena such as bus bunching are reproduced realistically. A comparison of simulated running times and headway distributions with field data shows the model is capable of replicating observed data.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
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Multi-agent transit operations and assignment model
- 2013
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 809-814
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit systems exercise complex dynamics and evolve through the interaction of various agents. The analysis of transit performance requires emulating the dynamic loading of travellers and their interaction with the underlying transit system. Multi-agent simulations aim to mimic the emergence of global spontaneous order from numerous inter-dependent local decisions. This paper presents a framework for a multi-agent transit operations and assignment model which captures supply uncertainties and adaptive user decisions. An iterative day-to-day learning process consisting of a within-day dynamic network loading loop simulates the interaction between transit supply and demand. The model requires the development and integration of several modules including traffic simulation, transit operations and control, dynamic path choice model and real-time information generator. BusMezzo, a transit simulation model, is used as the platform for implementation.
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| 23. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the number and location of time point stops
- 2014
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Ingår i: Public Transport. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-749X .- 1613-7159. ; 6:3, s. 215-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transport service is subject to multiple sources of uncertainty that impact its reliability. Holding control strategies are a common method to prevent the deterioration of service reliability along the route. This paper expands on previous studies by considering the general case of determining both the optimal number and optimal location of the time point stops (TPS) where holding takes place, and assessing their impacts on transit performance using simulation. Holding times are determined based on a real-time headway-based holding strategy designed to improve service regularity by seeking uniform headways along the route. The evaluation of the performance of alternative TPS layouts is simulation-based, using BusMezzo, a transit operations simulation model which models the dynamic performance of bus transit systems. The proposed framework also considers the multiple objectives incorporating passenger and operator points of view. The simulation-based optimization framework was applied in a case study with one of the premium bus lines in Stockholm, Sweden, using two solution methods—greedy and genetic algorithms. A multi-objective evaluation was conducted considering both passenger and operator perspectives. The results demonstrate that transit performance varies considerably with alternative TPS layouts. The best solution obtained by the proposed methodology reduces total weighted passenger journey times and cycle times compared to both the current layout and the case of no holding control. The proposed method could assist transit agencies and operators in evaluating and recommending alternative time point layouts.
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| 24. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Public Transport Pricing Policy Empirical Evidence from a Fare-Free Scheme in Tallinn, Estonia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2415, s. 89-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities worldwide are looking for new policies to attract travelers to shift from cars to public transport. Policies focused on reducing public transport fares are aimed at improving social inclusion and leading to a modal shift. The City of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, has recently introduced a fare-free public transport (FFPT) service in an effort to improve accessibility and mobility for its residents. The case of Tallinn is a full-scale, real-world experiment that provides a unique opportunity for investigating the impacts of FFPT policy. A macrolevel empirical evaluation of FFPT impacts on service performance, passenger demand, and accessibility for various groups of travelers is presented. In contrast to previous studies, the influence of FFPT on passenger demand was estimated while changes in supply were controlled. The results indicate that the FFPT measure accounts for an increase of 1.2% in passenger demand, with the remaining increase attributed to an extended network of public transport priority lanes and increased service frequency. The relatively small effect could be attributed to the previous price level and public transport share as well as analysis of the short-term impact. The evidence-based policy evaluation in this paper is instrumental in supporting policy making and facilitating the design of public transport pricing strategies.
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| 25. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Bus Arrival Information System : An Empirical Evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479929146 ; , s. 1310-1315
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waiting time uncertainty is one of the main determinants of public transport reliability and overall level-of-service. The dissemination of real-time information concerning vehicle arrivals is often considered an important measure to reduce unreliability. Moreover, the prediction of downstream vehicle trajectories could also benefit real-time control strategies. In order to adequately analyze the performance of real-time bus arrival information system, the generated predictions have to be compared against empirical bus arrival data. A conventional real-world bus arrival prediction scheme is formulated and applied on the trunk lines network in Stockholm. This scheme was found to systematically underestimate the remaining waiting time by 6.2% on average. Prediction error accuracy and reliability varies considerably over time periods, along the route and as a function of the prognosis horizon. The difference between passengers' waiting time expectations derived from the timetable and real-time information is equivalent to 30% of the average waiting time.
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| 26. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
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Real-Time Predictions for Light Rail Train Systems
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transport operations are subject to inherent uncertainty. Instantaneous vehicle positioning data facilitates the development of prediction schemes that could improve the accuracy and reliability of real-time information (RTI). There is lack of research on RTI for Light rail train (LRT) systems. LRT are characterized by driving regimes that depend on rolling stock and infrastructure specifications. This paper develops and tests two prediction schemes for rail-bound systems which are based on constructing link-specific speed profiles. The prediction schemes are applied for a LRT line in Bergen, Norway. The performance of the currently deployed scheme and alternative schemes is compared using 6 months empirical vehicle positioning data. The results indicate that the proposed methods improve the reliability of the prediction scheme and increase the share of errors smaller than 1 minute to 89%, up to par with metro systems.
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| 27. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
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Regularity-driven bus operation : Principles, implementation and business models
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 36, s. 223-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service reliability is a key determinant of public transport performance. In the context of high-frequency urban lines, irregular service results with long waiting times, bunched vehicles, long delays, uneven passenger loads, poor capacity utilization and higher operational costs. Field experiments were conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, in order to test the feasibility and implications of a regularity-driven operation scheme designed to mitigate bus bunching and facilitated by a real-time control strategy. This paper investigates alternative service indicators and business models that could best support the long-term implementation of operation geared towards better regularity performance. A paradigm shift towards regularity-based service evidently requires the consideration of a series of measures along the service chain as it involves a paradigm shift in production planning, operations, control center and performance monitoring.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of reserve capacity on public transport network resilience
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resilience of the transport system is acknowledged as an important policy objective. Resilience refers to the extent to which a system is affected by various disturbances, and its capability to recover from such disturbances and restore its level of performance. Public transport networks (PTN) are subject to recurring service disruptions. However, most studies on transport network resilience have focused on the physical degradation of the road network. Hence, their findings have limited transferability to the PTN context. Previous studies on PTN resilience have considered vulnerability in terms of connectivity reliability. Graph theory principles were used to analyze the impact of network structure on robustness with respect to random and intentional attacks. Such analysis allows the comparison of alternative network design properties. However, it does not capture many of the PTN features that we believe are essential for analyzing its resilience.The underlying principles of PTN design and operations make it fundamentally different from road networks and potentially more vulnerable. PTN are usually less dense than the underlying road network, resulting in fewer alternative paths. Moreover, PTN operate close to capacity due to the increasing marginal operation cost during the peak period. In addition, PTN exercise discontinuity in time and space, inducing varying and stochastic waiting, walking and transfer times. Stochastictravel times arise from the inherent and interdependent underlying sources of uncertainty. Another matter thatneeds to be taken into account is that PTN are often multimodal, consisting of several independent infrastructures. As a result of these characteristics, service disruptions in the PTN have wider direct implications compared to the road network due to theescalating impacts on service availability and capacity further downstream. We develop an analysis framework for PTN resilience. The framework integrates stochastic supply and demand models, dynamic route choice and limited operational capacity. Moreover,the plausible correlation between degraded capacities among network elements is captured through the dynamic modellingof network performance. The criticality of a link is evaluated as the increase in system travel time due to a capacity reduction of the link. In general, criticality depends on the flow on the link and the availability of alternative paths in the PTN. We analyze the influence of the capacity of alternative paths on the criticality of a link. High volume to capacity ratios on neighboring links suggest that the effects of the initial disruption can cascade to the surrounding network and lead to severe impacts for many travellers. Further, we analyze the potential of increasing network resilience by increasing capacity on alternative links in response to disruptions. This implies operational strategies such as increasing the frequency on existing lines, or running replacement lines for the disrupted line. This analysis thus enables the evaluation of alternative mitigation measures designed to improve network resilience.
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| 31. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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The value of new cross-radial links for public transport network resilience
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of new links to network topology could potentially contrib-ute to greater capability to withstand system breakdowns. This paper analyses the value of adding new cross-radial links for public transport network resilience. The value is evaluated in terms of passenger welfare under disruptions. Using a model that considers passengers’ dynamic travel choices, stochastic traffic conditions, timetables and capacity constraints, a new light rail transit line in Stockholm, Sweden is evaluated. The results show that the cross-radial link reduces the impacts of disrup-tions of critical links; the total value of resilience is positive and significantly offsets the loss in welfare caused by disruption of the cross-radial link itself.
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| 32. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerability analysis of public transport networks : A dynamic approach and case study for Stockholm
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a dynamic and stochastic notion of public transport network vulnerability is develoepd. While previous studies have considered only the network topology, the non-continuous availability of services requires a more refined model for supply and demand interactions in order to evaluate the impacts of disruptions. We extend the measures of betweenness centrality (often used to identify po-tentially important links) and link importance to a dynamic-stochastic setting from the perspectives of both operators and passengers. We also formalize the value of real-time information (RTI) provision for reducing disruption impacts. The developed measures are applied in a case study for the high-frequency public transport network of Stockholm, Sweden. The importance ranking of the links varies depending on the RTI provision scheme. This suggests that RTI may have significant positive but also negative influence on disruption impacts, and that betweenness centrality (passenger/vehicle flows) may not be a good indicator of link importance.
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| 33. |
- Fadaei, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Bus Departure Time Predictions: Vehicle Trajectory and Countdown Display Analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479960781 ; , s. 2556-2561
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncertainty is an important challenge in operating bus systems. Accurate real-time predictions can therefore facilitate adaptive decision making process of both operations and passengers. This scheme should be tractable, fast and reliable to be used in real time applications. This paper presents a hybrid prediction scheme to generate real-time information concerning downstream vehicle trajectories and next bus arrival. The prediction generated by the proposed hybrid scheme integrates three travel time components: schedule, instantaneous and historical data. Genetic algorithm is applied in order to specify the contribution of each data source component to the prediction scheme. The benefits, transferability and estimation form of the proposed scheme were tested by applying it on three trunk bus lines in Stockholm, Sweden. Its performance was compared to a commonly deployed scheme. The results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces significantly the overall mean absolute error for all routes from both operators' and passengers' perspectives.
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| 34. |
- Fadaei, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Rolling Horizon Predictions of Bus Trajectories
- 2014
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Ingår i: OPT-i 2014 - 1st International Conference on Engineering and Applied Sciences Optimization, Proceedings. - 9789609999465 ; , s. 875-886
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bus travel times are subject to inherent and recurrent uncertainties. A real-time prediction scheme regarding how the transit system evolves will potentially facilitate more adaptive operations as well as more adaptive passengers’ decisions. This scheme should be tractable, sufficiently fast and reliable to be used in real time applications. For this purpose, a heuristic hybrid scheme for departure time estimation is proposed in this study. The prediction generated by the proposed hybrid scheme consists of three travel time components: schedule, instantaneous and historical data sources. Genetic algorithm is applied in order to specify the contribution of each data source component to the prediction scheme. The proposed scheme was applied for a trunk bus line in Stockholm, Sweden. In addition, the currently deployed scheme was replicated in order to compare the performance of both schemes. The results suggest that the proposed scheme reduces the overall mean absolute error by almost 20%. Moreover the proposed scheme provides better predictions except for very long term predictions where both schemes yield the same performance.
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| 35. |
- Hlotova, Yevheniia, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Bus Drivers' Occupational Stress Under Changing Working Conditions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2415, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress is an immense problem in modern society; approximately half of all occupational illnesses are directly or indirectly related to stress. The work of a bus driver is typically associated with high stress levels that negatively influence individual well-being as well as workforce management. The current study examined the impact of newly proposed working conditions on bus drivers' occupational stress by monitoring heart rate and by collecting data on mental workload with a questionnaire in operational driving conditions. The main determinants of stress levels were identified through multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that bus drivers experienced considerably lower stress levels under a new control strategy that shifts the performance objective from schedule adherence to service regularity. Higher stress levels were recorded during extreme weather conditions and peak hours and among inexperienced drivers. The measurements were performed with low-cost sports devices that can easily be used by practitioners.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Jenelius, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The Value of New Cross-Radial Links for Public Transport Network Robustness
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784413609 ; , s. 638-647
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of new links to network topology could potentially contribute to greater capability to withstand system breakdowns. This paper analyzes the value of adding new cross-radial links for public transport network robustness. The value is evaluated in terms of passenger welfare under disruptions. Using a model that considers passengers' dynamic travel choices, stochastic traffic conditions, timetables and capacity constraints, a new light rail transit line in Stockholm, Sweden is evaluated. The results show that: (1) the cross-radial link reduces the impacts of disruptions of critical links; and (2) the total value of robustness is positive and significantly offsets the loss in welfare caused by disruption of the cross-radial link itself.
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| 38. |
- Susilo, Yusak, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing a Behavioural Pilot Survey for the Stage-Based Study of the Whole Journey Traveler Experience
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European project, METPEX, aims to develop and validate an evaluation tool for the whole journey experience that takes into consideration the point of view of the passenger. The traveller experience is a broader concept compared to the standard notion of the ‘trip’ or one journey, as it embraces pre-trip information acquisition process and ends when the traveller arrives at the final destination. The focus on the whole journey experience thus represents the first distinguishing characteristic of our data collection effort. An additional feature is the inclusion of questions tailored to special user groups within a survey designed for the general public. The third innovating aspect is related to the collection of self-related information (attitudes, perceptions etc.) at the stage- rather than at the trip-level. The fourth innovation is the use of the same variables across five different instruments (face to face interviews, on line questionnaire, web app, game and focus groups). A pilot survey has been implemented to help identify what kind of information should be collected to sufficiently characterize the different phases of the traveller experience. Five categories of variables that were expected to influence overall travellers’ evaluations were identified and tested: individual attributes, contextual variables, attitudes, travel experience and satisfaction aspects. Administering the pilot survey resulted in a total of 554 interviews in eight different cities across Europe. The experience that was gained from the pilot survey implementation was supplemented by consultation of 45 different stakeholders that reviewed the tool. Potentialities and shortcomings that emerged from these assessment activities are discussed.
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| 39. |
- Susilo, Yusak O., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring key determinants of travel satisfaction for multi-modal trips by different traveler groups
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 67, s. 366-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a primary dataset from an experimental survey in eight European cities, this study identified the key determinants of satisfaction with individual trip stages as well as overall journey experience for different travel modes and traveler groups. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to examine the relationships between overall satisfaction and travel experience variables, trip complexity, subjective well-being indices, travel-related attitudes as well as individual- and trip-specific attributes. The results indicate that for certain traveler groups, such as women, young and low-income or unemployed travelers, there are distinctive determinants of satisfaction with trip stages for various travel modes. The results also indicate that satisfaction with the primary trip stage is strongly linked to overall trip satisfaction, while satisfaction levels with access and egress trip stages are strongly related to satisfaction with the primary trip stage. Past experience, traveler expectations and attitudes, and the emotional state of travelers are also significant explanatory variables for travel satisfaction. The results indicate that when an individual consciously chooses a particular travel mode, they will report a higher level of satisfaction with that chosen mode. Notwithstanding, while past experience highly influences an individual's current travel satisfaction, the more they travel with the current mode, the less satisfied they are with their choice. The results of this study highlight the importance of gaining a better understanding of the interaction between instrumental variables and non-instrumental variables at different trip stages and the influence on user preferences, satisfaction and decision-making processes.
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| 40. |
- Toledo, Tomer, et al.
(författare)
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Mesoscopic simulation for transit operations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part C. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X .- 1879-2359. ; 18:6, s. 896-908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a transit simulation model designed to support evaluation of operations, planning and control, especially in the context of Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS). Examples of potential applications include frequency determination, evaluation of real-time control strategies for schedule maintenance and assessing the effects of vehicle scheduling on the level of service. Unlike most previous efforts in this area, the simulation model is built on a platform of a mesoscopic traffic simulation model, which allows modeling of the operation dynamics of large-scale transit systems taking into account the stochasticity due to interactions with road traffic. The capabilities of Mezzo as an evaluation tool of transit operations are demonstrated with an application to a real-world high-demand bus line in the Tel-Aviv metropolitan area under various scenarios. The headway distributions at two stops are compared with field observations and show good consistency between simulated and observed data.
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| 41. |
- Woodcock, A., et al.
(författare)
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Measuring quality across the whole journey
- 2014
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Ingår i: Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2014. - : Taylor & Francis. - 9781138026353 ; , s. 316-323
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many countries are looking to public transport to alleviate problems of congestion and pollution and increase sustainability. In order to develop a large modal shift in traveller behaviour, transport providers and planners need to deliver a high quality passenger experience. This paper firstly introduces the EU funded METPEX project, the aim of which is to develop a Pan European tool to measure the quality of the whole journey experience, and secondly discusses the results of stakeholder interviews in the UK, which show where such a tool might fill gaps in existing knowledge of passenger behaviour and mobility requirements.
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