| 1. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of traveler satisfaction : Evidence for non-linear and asymmetric effects
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 66, s. 339-356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classifying public transport service attributes based on their influence on overall traveler satisfaction can assist stakeholders and practitioners in introducing cost-efficient measures. To date most studies employed methods that were based on the assumption that the impact of service attributes on traveler satisfaction is entirely linear and symmetric. This study examines whether service attributes have a non-linear and asymmetric influence on the overall travel experience by employing the Three-factor theory (basic, performance and exciting factors). The analysis is conducted for different traveler segments depending on their level of captivity, travel frequency by public transport and travel mode used, and is based on a relatively large sample size collected for Stockholm County. Moreover, the estimated models control for important socio-demographic and travel characteristics that have been insofar overlooked. Results are presented in the form of a series of multi-level cubes that represent different essentiality of traveler needs which provide a useful methodological framework to further design quality service improvements that can be applied to various geographical contexts. Our findings highlight that a “one size fits all” approach is not adequate for identifying the needs of distinct traveler segments and of travelers using different travel modes. Furthermore, two-thirds of the attributes are consistently classified into the same factor category which entails important policy implications. This research deepens and expands the very limited knowledge of the application of the three-factor theory in the transport field.
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| 2. |
- Abenoza, Roberto F., et al.
(författare)
-
What is the role of weather, built-environment and accessibility geographical characteristics in influencing travelers’ experience?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 122, s. 34-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the effect of weather, accessibility and built-environment characteristics on overall travel experience as well as the experience with the latest trips. These are factors that are often disregarded in the travel satisfaction literature even though they are believed to largely influence the first mile of the door-to-door trip. This study fills a research gap in investigating all these factors by using, amongst other, a relatively large travel satisfaction survey from years 2009 to 2015 and by focusing on urban and peri-urban geographical contexts, the city and county of Stockholm (Sweden), respectively. The ordered logit model results show that county dwellers living close to a metro station and in well linked-to-all areas report higher overall travel satisfaction evaluations. In addition, precipitation and ground covered with snow have a negative influence on travel satisfaction. Our findings indicate that built-environment characteristics exert a rather weak influence on the travel experience, especially in the peri-urban context. However, some aspects such as living in areas with medium densities, low income and with high safety perceptions around public transport stations are associated with higher satisfaction levels. In turn, areas with single land uses are found to have lower travel satisfactions. These results are important for public transport planners and designers in devising measures to prevent and mitigate the negative outcome of some weather conditions and to conceive better designed transit oriented developments.
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| 3. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
How does travel satisfaction sum up? : Decomposing the door-to-door experience for multimodal trips
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportation. - : Springer. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435. ; 46:5, s. 1615-1642
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding how satisfaction with individual trip legs aggregates to the overall travel experience for different types of trips will enable the identification of the trip legs that are most impactful. For this purpose we analyze data on retrospective evaluations of entire multi-modal trip experiences and satisfaction with individual trip legs. We formulate and describe alternative aggregation rules and underpin them in theory and previous empirical findings. The results of a series of regression models show that for a large number of multi-modal trip configurations normative rules can better reproduce overall travel satisfaction than heuristic rules. This indicates that all trip legs need to be considered when evaluating the overall travel experience, especially for trips legs involving waiting and/or transferring time. In particular, weighting satisfaction with individual trip legs with perceived trip leg durations yielded the best predictor of overall travel satisfaction. No evidence for a disproportional effect of the last or most exceptional part of the trip was found. This research contributes to the literature on combining multi-episodic experiences and provides novel empirical evidence in the transport domain.
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| 4. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual, Travel, and Bus Stop Characteristics Influencing Travelers’ Safety Perceptions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: TRR Journal of transportation research board. - : Sage Publications. - 0361-1981.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensuring safety during door-to-door public transport trips is a fundamental challenge to service providers as safety influences individuals’ mobility. Using reported safety perceptions of travelers waiting at six bus stops with different characteristics in Stockholm, this study investigates factors that have an impact on determining travelers’ perceived safety and crime perceptions. This is done by assessing the importance of real-time information provision and the environmental characteristics of bus stops during the day and at night for different types of crime, after controlling for travelers’ individual and trip characteristics, and their previous experiences of victimization. Interaction effects of age, gender, and travel frequency are also tested. The results suggest that bus shelter characteristics, natural surveillance, and trustworthy real-time information are the most important factors influencing safety and crime perceptions. Additionally, safety perceptions are strongly influenced by previous experiences of victimization. The effect of perceived feelings about crime and safety are found to be nuanced by age and gender. Unlike some common beliefs, travelers: (1) feel less worried about becoming a victim of crime at bus stops associated with high crime rates; (2) prefer opaque shelters at night; and (3) have higher safety perceptions when the stop is located in an area of mixed land use. The impact of a bus stop’s number of passers-by is found to be insignificant. No direct or indirect effects can be attributed to frequency of travel by bus, indicating that familiar places and routine behavior have noeffect on declared crime and safety perceptions.
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| 5. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating the nature of Public Transport service attributes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportation Science. - 0041-1655 .- 1526-5447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classifying public transport service attributes based on their influence on overall traveler satisfaction can assist stakeholders and practitioners in introducing cost-efficient measures. To date most studies employed methods that were based on the assumption that the impact of service attributes on traveler satisfaction is entirely linear and symmetric. This study examines whether service attributes have a non-linear and asymmetric influence on the overall travel experience by employing the Three-factor theory (basic, performance and exciting factors). The analysis is conducted for different traveler segments depending on their level of captivity, travel frequency by public transport and travel mode used, and is based on a relatively large sample size collected for Stockholm County. Moreover, the estimated models control for important socio-demographic and travel characteristics that have been insofar overlooked. Results are presented in the form of a series of multi-level cubes that represent different essentiality of traveler needs which provide a useful methodological framework to further design quality service improvements that can be applied to various geographical contexts. Our findings highlight that a “one size fits all” approach is not adequate for identifying the needs of distinct traveler segments and of travelers using different travel modes. Furthermore, two-thirds of the attributes are consistently classified into the same factor category which entails important policy implications. This research deepens and expands the very limited knowledge of the application of the three-factor theory in the transport field.
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| 6. |
- Bastian, Anne
(författare)
-
Explaining Trends in Car Use
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many western countries have seen a plateau and subsequent decline in car travel during the early 21st century. What has generated particular interest and debate is the claim that the development cannot only be explained by changes in traditional explanatory factors such as GDP, fuel prices and land-use. Instead, it has been argued, the observed trends are indications of substantial changes in lifestyles, preferences and attitudes to car travel and thus, not just a temporary plateau but a true peak in car use.This thesis is a compilation of five papers, studying the issue on a national, international, regional and city scale through quantitative analysis of aggregate administrative data and individual travel survey data. It concludes that the aggregate development of car travel per capita can be explained fairly well with the traditional model variables GDP and fuel price. Furthermore, this thesis shows that spatial context and policy become increasingly important in car use trends: car use diverges over time between city, suburban and rural residents of Sweden and other European countries, while gender and to some extent income become less differentiating for car use.
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| 7. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
A dynamic stochastic model for evaluating congestion and crowding effects in transit systems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part B. - : Elsevier. - 0191-2615 .- 1879-2367. ; 89, s. 43-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most common motivations for public transport investments is to reduce congestion and increase capacity. Public transport congestion leads to crowding discomfort, denied boardings and lower service reliability. However, transit assignment models and appraisal methodologies usually do not account for the dynamics of public transport congestion and crowding and thus potentially underestimate the related benefits. This study develops a method to capture the benefits of increased capacity by using a dynamic and stochastic transit assignment model. Using an agent-based public transport simulation model, we dynamically model the evolution of network reliability and on-board crowding. The model is embedded in a comprehensive framework for project appraisal.A case study of a metro extension that partially replaces an overloaded bus network in Stockholm demonstrates that congestion effects may account for a substantial share of the expected benefits. A cost-benefit analysis based on a conventional static model will miss more than a third of the benefits. This suggests that failure to represent dynamic congestion effects may substantially underestimate the benefits of projects, especially if they are primarily intended to increase capacity rather than to reduce travel times.
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| 8. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond a complete failure : The impact of partial capacity reductions on public transport network vulnerability
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruptions often result with partial capacity reduction without resulting with a complete breakdown. This study aims to move beyond the analysis of complete failure by investigating the impacts of partial capacity reduction on public transport network performance. We analyse the relation between the extent of capacity reduction at the line level and its consequences on societal costs by performing a full network scan. This analysis framework is applied to planned temporary disruptions in the rapid public transport network in Stockholm, Sweden. Our results indicate that the network is highly vulnerable since it is characterized by greater negative impacts in a disproportional relation to the increase in the original capacity reduction. The non-linear properties of network effects and route choice result in non-trivial relation which carry implications on disruption management the deployment of mitigation measures.
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| 9. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond a complete failure: The impact of partial capacity degradation on public transport network vulnerability
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportmetrica B. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-0566. ; 6:2, s. 77-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruptions in public transport networks (PTNs) often lead to partial capacity reductions rather than complete closures. This study aims to move beyond the vulnerability analysis of complete failures by investigating the impacts of a range of capacity reductions on PTN performance. The relation between network performance and the degradation of line or link capacities is investigated by establishing a vulnerability curve and related metrics. The analysis framework is applied to a full-scan analysis of planned temporary line-level capacity reductions and an analysis of unplanned link-level capacity reductions on the most central segments in the multi-modal rapid PTN of Stockholm, Sweden. The impacts of capacity reductions are assessed using a non-equilibrium dynamic public transport operations and assignment model. The nonlinear properties of on-board crowding, denied boarding, network effects and route choice result in non-trivial, generally convex, relations which carry implications on disruption planning and real-time management.
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| 10. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
-
Determinants of Bus Riding Time Deviations : Relationship between Driving Patterns and Transit Performance
- 2019
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PART A-SYSTEMS. - : ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS. - 2473-2907. ; 145:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban bus services e subject to high levels of uncertainty and disturbances. Methods to determine the timetable are designed to absorb variations in riding times between stops by allocating additional travel time. The propagation of service unreliability along the route could be restrained by drivers' adjustment at stops and between stops. This paper analyzes the main determinants of bus riding times deviations based on automatic vehicle location (AVL) data from four trunk lines in Stockholm, Sweden. The analysis indicates that drivers can and do adjust their speeds in response to instantaneous real-time schedule adherence information, although these adjustments depend on the underlying control scheme: locations where the performance is measured. A model for bus riding time deviations was estimated with autoregressive effects, performance indicators, link characteristics, and trip attributes as the explanatory factors. The results can support the development of travel time prediction and real-time control strategies that take drivers' response to operations into account. This highlights the importance of the human factor in designing control schemes and the corresponding transit performance evaluation.
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| 11. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating the added-value of online bus arrival prediction schemes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 86, s. 35-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Online predictions of bus arrival times have the potential to reduce the uncertainty associated with bus operations. By better anticipating future conditions, online predictions can reduce perceived and actual passenger travel times as well as facilitate more proactive decision making by service providers. Even though considerable research efforts were devoted to the development of computationally expensive bus arrival prediction schemes, real-world real-time information (RTI) systems are typically based on very simple prediction rules. This paper narrows down the gap between the state-of-the-art and the state-of-the-practice in generating RTI for public transport systems by evaluating the added-value of schemes that integrate instantaneous data and dwell time predictions. The evaluation considers static information and a commonly deployed scheme as a benchmark. The RTI generation algorithms were applied and analyzed for a trunk bus network in Stockholm, Sweden. The schemes are assessed and compared based on their accuracy, reliability, robustness and potential waiting time savings. The impact of RTI on passengers waiting times are compared with those attained by service frequency and regularity improvements. A method which incorporates information on downstream travel conditions outperforms the commonly deployed scheme, leading to a 25% reduction in the mean absolute error. Furthermore, the incorporation of instantaneous travel times improves the prediction accuracy and reliability, and contributes to more robust predictions. The potential waiting time gains associated with the prediction scheme are equivalent to the gains expected when introducing a 60% increase in service frequency, and are not attainable by service regularity improvements.
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| 12. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of Satisfaction with Public Transport and Its Determinants in Sweden Identifying Priority Areas
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2538, s. 86-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring and analysing satisfaction with public transport services facilitates service performance monitoring, market analysis, benchmarking and the identification of priority areas. The systematic and regular collection of information concerning satisfaction enables to investigate how passengers’ satisfaction as well as its determinants changes over time. These changes may be driven by changes in service quality or shifts in passengers’ expectations and preferences. This study analyses how satisfaction with public transport and its determinants evolved over time in Sweden in the years 2001-2013. The determinants of satisfaction are identified based on a factor analysis and the estimation of multivariate satisfaction models. The superposition of our findings culminates in a dynamic passenger satisfaction priority map which allows identifying priority areas based on observed trends in satisfaction with service attributes and their respective importance. The deterioration of overall satisfaction with public transport in Sweden in recent years is driven by a decrease in satisfaction with customer interface and length of trip time. These two service aspects as well as operation were found key determinants of overall satisfaction which users consistently rate among the least satisfactory. The results of this study are instrumental in supporting service providers in designing measures that will foster satisfaction in the future.
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| 13. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
How fair is the fare? Estimating travel patterns and the impacts of fare schemes for different user groups in Stockholm based on smartcard data : Final report for Trafik och Region 2018 SLL-KTH research project
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a rapid increase in the deployment, acquisition and analysis of automated fare collection (AFC) systems, enabling a profound change in the ability to analyze high-volume data that relate to observed passenger travel behavior and recurrent patterns. The analysis of such passively collected data offers direct access to a continuous flow of observed passenger behavior at a large scale, saving expensive data collection efforts. For a review of the spectrum of applications – from strategic demand estimation to operational service performance measurements.The FairAccess project leverages on the availability of Access-kort data for the vast majority of trips performed in Stockholm County. The overarching goal of this project is to develop means to analyse empirically the impacts of policy/planning measures based on disaggregate passively collected smart card data. This involves a series of analysis and modelling challenges. We develop and apply a series algorithms to infer of tap-out locations, infer vehicles and travel times, and infer transfers to that journeys can be composed. Tap-in records have been matched with corresponding inferred tap-out locations and time stamps for about 80% of all records. Thereafter, we construct time-dependent origin-destination matrices for which segmentations can be performed with respect to geographical and user product features.We demonstrate the approach and algorithms developed by performing a before-after analysis of the fare scheme change from zone-based to flat fares. We analyse changes in travel patterns and derive price elasticities for distinctive market segments. The introduced fare policy delivered the desirable result of an increased ridership through improved convenience of the single-use products. Nevertheless, the significance of the service convenience component was underestimated, which resulted in the price adjustments being not in line with the mobility effects.The planning and development of the Stockholm public transport system must rely on the best empirical foundations available to support evidence-based decision-making and make the right priorities. To this end, the development and analysis performed in the FairAccess project lay a necessary foundation for further methodological developments and analyses such as on-board crowding evaluation, demand forecasting and identifying user groups.
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| 14. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification and classification of public transport activity centres in Stockholm using passenger flows data
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 48, s. 10-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban geography could be characterized by analysing the patterns that describe the flows of people and goods. Measuring urban structures is essential for supporting an evidence-based spatial planning policy. The objective of this study is to examine how the spatial-temporal distribution of public transport passenger flow could be used to reveal urban structure dynamics. A methodology to identify and classify centres based on mobility data was applied to Metropolitan Stockholm in Sweden using multi-modal public transport passenger flows. Stockholm is known for its long-term monocentric planning with a dominant central core and radial public transport system. Strategic nodes along its radial public transport system have been a focus for development of sub-centres. Although the regional planning policy embraces a shift towards a polycentric planning policy, the results indicate that this has not been realized insofar.
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| 15. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling public transport on-board congestion : comparing schedule-based and agent-based assignment approaches and their implications
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Transportation. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0197-6729 .- 2042-3195. ; 50:6, s. 1209-1224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit systems are subject to congestion that influences system performance and level of service. The evaluation of measures to relieve congestion requires models that can capture their network effects and passengers' adaptation. In particular, on-board congestion leads to an increase of crowding discomfort and denied boarding and a decrease in service reliability. This study performs a systematic comparison of alternative approaches to modelling on-board congestion in transit networks. In particular, the congestion-related functionalities of a schedule-based model and an agent-based transit assignment model are investigated, by comparing VISUM and BusMezzo, respectively. The theoretical background, modelling principles and implementation details of the alternative models are examined and demonstrated by testing various operational scenarios for an example network. The results suggest that differences in modelling passenger arrival process, choice-set generation and route choice model yield systematically different passenger loads. The schedule-based model is insensitive to a uniform increase in demand or decrease in capacity when caused by either vehicle capacity or service frequency reduction. In contrast, nominal travel times increase in the agent-based model as demand increases or capacity decreases. The marginal increase in travel time increases as the network becomes more saturated. Whilst none of the existing models capture the full range of congestion effects and related behavioural responses, existing models can support different planning decisions.
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| 16. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling the Impacts of Public Transport Reliability and Travel Information on Passengers’ Waiting Time Uncertainty
- 2017
-
Ingår i: EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 2192-4376 .- 2192-4384. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transport systems are subject to uncertainties related to traffic dynamic, operations, and passenger demand. Passenger waiting time is thus a random variable subject to day-to-day variations and the interaction between vehicle and passenger stochastic arrival processes. While the provision of real-time information could potentially reduce travel uncertainty, its impacts depend on the underlying service reliability, the performance of the prognosis scheme, and its perceived credibility. This paper presents a modeling framework for analyzing passengers’ learning process and adaptation with respect to waiting-time uncertainty and travel information. The model consists of a within-day network loading procedure and a day-to-day learning process, which are implemented in an agent-based simulation model. Each loop of within-day dynamics assigns travelers to paths by simulating the progress of individual travelers and vehicles as well as the generation and dissemination of travel information. The day-to-day learning model updates the accumulated memory of each traveler and updates consequently the credibility attributed to each information source based on the experienced waiting time. A case study in Stockholm demonstrates model capabilities and emphasizes the importance of behavioral adaptation when evaluating alternative measures which aim to improve service reliability.
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| 17. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Planning for the Unexpected: The Value of Reserve Capacity for Public Transport Network Robustness
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 81, s. 47-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transport networks (PTN) are subject to recurring service disruptions. Most studies of the robustness of PTN have focused on network topology and considered vulnerability in terms of connectivity reliability. While these studies provide insights on general design principles, there is lack of knowledge concerning the effectiveness of different strategies to reduce the impacts of disruptions. This paper proposes and demonstrates a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of a strategic increase in capacity on alternative PTN links to mitigate the impact of unexpected network disruptions. The evaluation approach consists of two stages: identifying a set of important links and then for each identified important link, a set of capacity enhancement schemes is evaluated. The proposed method integrates stochastic supply and demand models, dynamic route choice and limited operational capacity. This dynamic agent-based modelling of network performance enables to capture cascading network effects as well as the adaptive redistribution of passenger flows. An application for the rapid PTN of Stockholm, Sweden, demonstrates how the proposed method could be applied to sequentially designed scenarios based on their performance indicators. The method presented in this paper could support policy makers and operators in prioritizing measures to increase network robustness by improving system capacity to absorb unexpected disruptions.
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| 18. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Real-Time Bus Arrival Information System : An Empirical Evaluation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1547-2450 .- 1547-2442. ; 20:2, s. 138-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The provision of real-time information concerning bus arrival times could potentially reduce the uncertainty associated with public transport trips and improve the overall level-of-service. In addition, real-time predictions might enable operators to apply proactive control strategies. Even though considerable research efforts were devoted to the development of bus arrival prediction schemes, there is lack of knowledge on the performance of real-world operational systems. This paper aims to investigate the performance of a commonly deployed real-time information generation scheme. A conventionally used scheme is implemented and evaluated based on an empirical analysis. Performance metrics concerning the prediction error accuracy and reliability and their impact on expected waiting time were formulated from both passengers’ and operators’ perspective. The real-time information generator was applied on the trunk line network in Stockholm, Sweden. The accuracy and reliability of the prediction scheme was analysed by comparing the generated predictions against vehicle positioning data. This scheme was found to systematically underestimate the remaining waiting time by 6.2% on average. The provision of real-time information yields a waiting time estimate that is more than twice closer to the actual waiting times than the timetable is. This difference in waiting time expectations is equivalent to 30% of the average waiting time.
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| 19. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
-
Real-time operations management decision support systems a conceptual framework
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Modelling Intelligent Multi-Modal Transit Systems. - Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 : CRC Press. ; , s. 108-129
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Public transport operations are subject to inherent uncertainties. In the era of Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS), operators can collect, process and analyze real-time system conditions as well as deploy real-time operations management strategies. Proactive service management requires operators to continuously monitor service performance and assess the implications of alternative interventions by forecasting and simulating how the system will evolve under various scenarios. Operations management decisions need to consider the prevailing and evolving supply and demand uncertainties as well as the capability of both service provider and service users to adapt to changing conditions. Despite the importance of considering these interactions, there is a pronounced division in the public transport modelling sphere between public transport operations and public transport.
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| 20. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Survey methodology for measuring parking occupancy : Impacts of an on-street parking pricing scheme in an urban center
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 47, s. 55-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parking pricing policies can be used as a policy instrument to steer the parking market and reduce the externalities caused by traffic in general and parking in particular. A more efficient management of parking demand can improve the utilization of the limited parking capacity in high-demand areas. Even though parking policies are often a topic of public debate, there is lack of systematic empirical analysis of various parking measures. This paper proposes a survey methodology to empirically measure the impacts of on-street parking policies based on automated parking transaction data. Parking performance is computed based on data available from ticket vending machines calibrated using floating car films. The survey method allows comparing parking occupancy including its temporal variations, allowing the analysis of the accumulated utilization pattern. Average and maximum parking occupancy levels, throughput, parking duration and total fare collection are compared prior and following the introduction of a new parking scheme for visitors to Stockholm inner-city, Sweden. The results indicate that the policy fulfilled its objective to increase the ease of finding a vacant parking place in the central areas and even resulted with underutilized parking spaces.
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| 21. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
The prospects of fare-free public transport : evidence from Tallinn
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435. ; , s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subsidy level of public transport systems varies considerably among systems worldwide. While limited-scale free-fare public transport (FFPT) services such as limited campaigns and fare evasion for special groups or specific services are prevalent, there is only limited evidence on the consequences of introducing a full-fledged FFPT. The case of Tallinn, Estonia offers a full-scale experiment that provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impacts of FFPT. This study examines travel pattern changes based on individual travel habit survey shortly before and almost 1 year after the introduction of FFPT policy in Tallinn based on interviews and travel diaries of a random sample of 1500 household. We analyse modal shift effects and whether they are driven by trip generation or trip substitution, travel attitudes and satisfactions as well as impacts on equity, employment prospects, and trip destination choices. Almost a year after the introduction of FFPT, public transport usage increased by 14 % and there is evidence that the mobility of low-income residents has improved. The effect of FFPT on ridership is substantially lower than those reported in previous studies due to the good level of service provision, high public transport usage and low public transport fees that existed already prior to the FFPT.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
-
The robustness value of public transport development plans
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 51, s. 236-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investments in transport are increasingly motivated by the need to improve its robustness the capacity to absorb disturbances with a minimal impact on system performance. Nonetheless, there is lack of knowledge on how to assess and quantify the robustness value of new investments. This study investigates the robustness of alternative public transport networks by assessing the consequences of link failures on network performance. A full-scan disruption impact analysis is performed and its implications on passenger's group composition and travel time losses are analysed for a public transport development plan in Stockholm, Sweden. The results suggest that as a result of the development plan, the robustness of the case study network will improve in terms of average performance deterioration as well as worst case scenario for all performance indicators. Neglecting abnormal operations in project appraisal can potentially lead to the underestimation of its benefits. Moreover, the critical links in each network are identified and impact disparity is investigated. The analysis method presented in this study can support the consideration of development plan impacts on network robustness in the strategic planning process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
-
Topological evolution of a metropolitan rail transport network : The case of Stockholm
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 62, s. 172-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of transport networks is the outcome of a large number of infrastructure investment decisions taken over a long time span. Network indicators are widely used for characterizing transport network topology and its performance as well as provide insights on, possible developments. Little is known however on how rail bound public transport networks and their network indicators have evolved into their current form. This study conducts a longitudinal analysis of the topological evolution of a multimodal rail network by investigating the dynamics of its topology for the case of Stockholm in 1950-2025. The starting year marks the opening of the metro system while the end year is set to mark the completion of the current development plan. Based on a compilation of network topology and service properties, a year-on-year analysis of changes in global network efficiency and directness as well as local nodal centrality were conducted. Changes in network topology exhibit smooth long-term technological and spatial trends as well as the signature of top-down planning interventions. Stockholm rail network evolution is characterized by contraction and stagnation periods followed by network extensions and is currently undergoing a considerable densification, marking a shift from peripheral attachment to preferential attachment.
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| 25. |
- F. Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
What is the role of weather, built-environment and accessibility geographical characteristics in influencing travelers’ experience?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the effect of weather, accessibility and built-environment characteristics on overall travel experience as well as the experience with the latest trips. These are factors that are often disregarded in the travel satisfaction literature even though they are believed to largely influence the first mile of the door-to-door trip. This study fills a research gap in investigating all these factors by using, amongst other, a relatively large travel satisfaction survey from years 2009 to 2015 and by focusing on urban and peri-urban geographical contexts, the city and county of Stockholm (Sweden), respectively. The results show that county dwellers living close to a metro station and in well linked-to-all areas report higher overall travel satisfaction evaluations. In addition, precipitation and ground covered with snow have a negative influence on travel satisfaction. Our findings indicate that built-environment characteristics exert a rather weak influence on the travel experience, especially in the peri-urban context. However, some aspects such as living in areas with medium densities, low income and with high safety perceptions around public transport stations are associated with higher satisfaction levels. In turn, areas with single land uses are found to have lower travel satisfactions. These results are important for public transport planners and designers in devising measures to prevent and mitigate the negative outcome of some weather conditions and to conceive better designed transit oriented developments.
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| 26. |
- Fadaei, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical evaluation of measures to improve bus service reliability : Performance metrics and a case study in Stockholm
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper evaluates the effects of implementation of a range of physical and operational measures during a pilot study on the busiest and most frequent trunk bus line in Stockholm, Sweden. Vehicle positioning and passenger counts data were analysed to evaluate the impact of the field experiment. The study has proven that the bus service performance has been improved from both passengers and operator perspectives. These measures resulted with a service that is 7% faster on average yielding a 10% decrease in passenger in-vehicle times. The faster service leads to 8 minutes shorter cycle time which could potentially cut the fleet size by 2 buses. The results demonstrate that improved regularity and less bunching leading to a 25% reduction in passengers’ waiting times due to irregularity. However, no apparent change in dwell times has been observed. We estimate that each passenger saved 2 minutes which is 10% of journey time. These time savings amount to 9 million Swedish Crowns (1.1 million USD) per year for weekday afternoon peak periods only.
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| 27. |
- Fadaei, Masoud, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the impacts and benefits of public transport design and operational measures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design and operational measures are designed and implemented to improve public transport performance and level-of-service. In the case of urban bus systems, priority, operational and control measures are aimed to elevate bus services to buses with high level of service (BHLS). Even though there is an explosive growth in design and operational measures implementation and growing research interest in investigating their impact on performance indicators, there is lack of a systematic evaluation of their benefits. We present an evaluation framework and a detail sequence of steps for quantifying the impacts of public transport design and operational measures. The effects of service performance on travel times and costs are assessed by accounting for relations between reliability and waiting times, crowding and perceived travel times, and vehicle scheduling and operational costs. The evaluation integrates the implications of reliability on generalized passenger travel costs and operational costs. We deploy the proposed evaluation framework to a field experiment in Stockholm where a series of measures were implemented on the busiest bus line. The results suggest that the total passenger and operator benefits amount to 36.8 million Swedish crowns on an annual basis. The overall assessment of the impacts of design and operational measures enables the comparison of different implementations, assess their effectiveness, prioritize alternative measures and provide a sound basis for motivating investments.
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| 28. |
- Fadaei, Masoud, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Performance and Benefits of Bus Priority, Operation and Control Measures
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 95th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington DC..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preferential measures are designed and implemented to improve public transport performance and level-of-service. In the case of urban bus systems, priority, operational and control measures are aimed to elevate bus services to buses with high level of service (BHLS). Even though there is an explosive growth in preferential measures implementation and growing research interest in investigating their impact on performance indicators, there is lack of a systematic evaluation of their benefits. We present an evaluation framework and a detail sequence of steps for quantifying the impacts of public transport preferential measures. The effects of service performance on travel times and costs are assessed by accounting for relations between reliability and waiting times, crowding and perceived travel times, and vehicle scheduling and operational costs. The evaluation integrates the implications of reliability on generalized passenger travel costs and operational costs. We deploy the proposed evaluation framework to a field experiment in Stockholm where a series of measures were implemented on the busiest bus line. The results suggest that the total passenger and operator benefits amount to 47 million Swedish crowns on an annual basis. The overall assessment of the impacts of preferential measures enables the comparison of different implementations, assess their effectiveness, prioritize alternative measures and provide a sound basis for motivating investments.
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| 29. |
- Fadaei Oshyani, Masoud, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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A hybrid scheme for real-time prediction of bus trajectories : Hybrid Scheme for Real-Time Prediction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Transportation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0197-6729 .- 2042-3195. ; 50:8, s. 2130-2149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The uncertainty associated with public transport services can be partially counteracted by developing real-time models to predict downstream service conditions. In this study, a hybrid approach for predicting bus trajectories by integrating multiple predictors is proposed. The prediction model combines schedule, instantaneous and historical data. The contribution of each predictor as well as values of respective parameters is estimated by minimizing the prediction error using a linear regression heuristic.The hybrid method was applied to five bus lines in Stockholm, Sweden and Brisbane, Australia. The results indicate that the hybrid method consistently outperforms the timetable and delay conservation prediction method for different line layouts, passengerdemands and operation practices.Model validation confirms model transferability and real-time applicability. Generating more accurate predictions can helpservice users adjust their travel plans and service providers to deploy proactive management and control strategies to mitigate the negative effects of service disturbances.
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| 30. |
- Fadaei Oshyani, Masoud, 1985-
(författare)
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New Opportunities in Urban Transport Data : Methodologies and Applications
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is growing in transportation which may contribute to a more efficient and effective service. The data acquired from ICT based systems could be used for many purposes such as statistical analysis and behavior learning and inference. This dissertation addresses the question of how transportation data that was collected for a specific application can be used for other applications. This thesis consists of five separate papers, each addressing a subset of the topic.The first paper estimates a route choice model using sparse GPS data. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of an Indirect Inference based estimator in a model with random link costs, allowing for a natural correlation structure across paths, where the full choice set is considered.The second paper presents an estimator for the mean speed and travel time at network level based on indirect inference when the data are spatially and temporally sparse.The third paper proposes an evaluation framework which outlines a systematic process to quantify and assess the impacts of public transport preferential measures on service users and providers in monetary terms, using public transport data sources.In the fourth and fifth papers, a methodology is developed and implemented for integrating different prediction models and data sources while satisfying practical requirements related to the generation of real-time information. Then the performance of the proposed prediction method is compared with the prediction accuracy obtained by the currently deployed methods.
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| 31. |
- Fernández Abenoza, Roberto
(författare)
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Improving Travel Satisfaction with Public Transport
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The existing link between PT travelers’ satisfaction, ridership and loyalty prove the relevance of improving overall trip satisfaction. The thesis present an array of approaches and methodologies aiming at increasing overall satisfaction with PT door-to-door trips while covering important issues that previous research has failed to address. These knowledge gaps include: disregarding the different needs and priorities of different type of travelers; overlooking the evolution over time and across geographical areas that overall satisfaction and satisfaction with specific service attributes may experience; and, neglecting the importance of access and egress legs.Based on the Swedish customer satisfaction barometer (2001-2013), an investigation of the determinants of PT satisfaction and their evolution over time (I) shows that: a) the deterioration of overall satisfaction with PT in Sweden in recent years is driven by a decrease in satisfaction with customer interface and length of trip time; b) these two service aspects as well as operation are found as key determinants of overall satisfaction which users consistently rate among the least satisfactory.The diversity of needs and priorities of SKT travelers was reduced into 5 distinctive multi-modal travelers’ groups (II). These travelers’ groups exhibited geographical disparities and an in between-groups overall similarity in the importance attached to the service attributes. Nevertheless, some noticeable differences could be observed. The service attributes’ importance levels reveal overall changes in appreciations and consumption goals over time.A number of both normative and heuristic satisfaction aggregation rules are tested on METPEX dataset for different types of trip configurations (III). The results show that normative rules can better reproduce overall travel satisfaction than heuristic rules, indicating that all trip legs need to be considered when evaluating the overall travel experience.
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| 32. |
- Fernandez Abenoza, Roberto
(författare)
-
Satisfaction with Public Transport Trips
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Continuous urban growth, environmental issues, competition for limited space, longer commuting distances as well as the need to promote equity and equality in society are the primary reasons that make the improvement of public transport (PT) services a key policy area in many countries across the globe. Travel satisfaction measures the perceived quality of the PT service and it is an important aspect that operators and PT authorities need to consider when improving the service offered.Desk research identified a number of important issues that previous studies had neglected. These knowledge gaps include the investigation of: (a) the evolution over time of the determinants (service attributes) of travel satisfaction, (b) the main determinants of travel satisfaction for different traveler segments and travel modes; (c) the most relevant part of door-to-door trips for different types of trip configurations; (d) the impact on the travel experience of weather, accessibility and proximity measures and built-environment characteristics of the first mile of the trip; (e) the [non]linear and [a]symmetric nature of the relationship between PT service attributes and overall travel satisfaction for different travelers and travel modes.The five papers included in this doctoral thesis present an array of approaches and methodologies aiming at increasing overall travel satisfaction with PT services while covering the knowledge gaps that previous research failed to address.Paper I, investigates the determinants of PT satisfaction and their evolution over time (2001-2013). The results show that: a) customer interface and operation, and at a lesser extent trip duration are the quality of service attributes that need to be prioritized; b) while satisfaction, in general, remains rather constant, relative importance fluctuates year after year. However, the QoSAs remain in the same quadrant of the priority map and thus the determinants of travel satisfaction stay invariable.Paper II, reduces the diversity of needs and priorities of Swedish travelers to 5 distinctive multi-modal travelers’ segments. Considering the importance attached to service attributes, these travelers’ segments exhibit geographical disparities and in between-groups overall similarity. Nevertheless, some noticeable differences can be observed. Service attributes’ importance levels reveal overall changes in appreciations and consumption goals over time. The more frequent PT user segments are more satisfied across the board and are characterized by a more balanced distribution of attribute importance while one of the groups - rural motorist commuters - is markedly dissatisfied with the service operation attributes.Paper III, first aims to understand how travelers combine trip legs’ satisfactions into an overall evaluation of their trip, and then to investigate the relative importance of satisfaction with access, main and egress segments for the entire door-to-door travel experience. A number of both normative and heuristic satisfaction aggregation rules are tested for different types of trip configurations. The results show that normative rules can better reproduce overall travel satisfaction than heuristic rules, indicating that all trip legs need to be considered when evaluating the overall travel experience. In particular, weighting satisfaction with individual trip legs with perceived trip leg durations yield the best predictor of overall travel satisfaction, especially when applying a penalty for each waiting time of 3 or 4 times in- vehicle or walking time.Paper IV, investigates the impact that built-environment, accessibility and weather characteristics from the access stage of the trip have on the overall travel experience. This is done in two geographical contexts (urban and peri-urban and rural) and with models regarding the last and the overall trips. The results indicate that perceptual and non-perceptual built-environment variables have a rather weak effect in the overall satisfaction. Safety feelings around PT stations/stops have an effect on the overall travel experience while safety feelings related to travelers’ neighborhood of residence have none. Accessibility results indicate that living in an area that is well-connected to all other areas, and in particular to the attractive ones, has a positive impact on the overall travel experience. Most of the tested weather conditions at the time of the start of the trip exert an impact on travel satisfaction.Based on the three-factor theory, Paper V classifies quality of service attributes regarding their influence (positive, negative or both) on overall travel satisfaction. The analysis is done for different traveler segments and travel modes and presented in the form of a series of three-level cubes. For a general travel, attributes that can mainly bring dissatisfaction when they are not well-provided are, staff and assistance and ticket accessibility (basic factor). These are followed by attributes that can provide both satisfaction and dissatisfaction in a similar way and depending on their performance level (performance factor). Performance attributes are related to operational aspects (trip duration and operation) and safety perceptions while traveling. Quality of service attributes that can mainly bring satisfaction when they are well provided are network and on-board conditions (exciting factor). Important differences are found in the attribute factor classification between travel modes and segments which indicates that a “one size fits all” approach is not recommendable to adopt.This set of papers can help authorities to better evaluate and cater for travelers’ needs by supporting the allocation of resources and prioritizing policy measures in the most impactful part of the door-to-door trip and to the most important factors.
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| 33. |
- Fernandez Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Travel satisfaction with public transport : Determinants, user classes, regional disparities and their evolution
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 95, s. 64-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing public transport ridership while providing a service that better caters to individual travelers poses an important goal and challenge for society, particularly public transport authorities and operators. This study identifies and characterizes current and potential users of public transport in Sweden and identifies the most important determinants of travel satisfaction with Public Transport services for each segment of travelers. In addition, it investigates the changes over time of attribute importance among the different segments and the inter-segment geographical variation of overall satisfaction. The analysis is based on a dataset of almost half a million records. Travelers were clustered based on their socio-demographics, travel patterns and accessibility measures to enable the analysis of determinants of satisfaction for different market segments. The cluster analysis results with five segments of Swedish travelers include: (i) inactive travelers; (ii) long distance commuters; (iii) urban motorist commuters; (iv) rural motorist commuters and;(v) students. By contrasting satisfaction with the importance of each quality of service attribute, three key attributes that should be prioritized by stakeholders are identified: customer interface, operation, network and length of trip time. Interestingly, the results suggest an overall similarity in the importance of service attributes among traveler segments. Nevertheless, some noticeable differences could be observed. The quality of service attributes’ importance levels reveal overall changes in appreciations and consumption goals over time. The more frequent public transport user segments are more satisfied across the board and are characterized by a more balanced distribution of attribute importance while rural motorist commuters are markedly dissatisfied with service operation attributes. This work can help authorities to tailor their policies to specific traveler groups.
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| 34. |
- Gavriilidou, A., et al.
(författare)
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Reconciling transfer synchronization and service regularity : real-time control strategies using passenger data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 15:2, s. 215-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time holding control strategies are implemented, among other reasons, in order to protect transfers. In the context of high-frequency services, there is a need to reconcile between striving for single-line regularity and synchronizing inter-line arrivals. Their operationalization depends on the predictions regarding passenger flows across the network. We examine the influence of real-time passenger data on the performance of transfer synchronization control. To this end, we develop two real-time transfer synchronization controllers which make use of different passenger data sources. The controllers differ in their assumptions concerning capacity constraints as well as on-board crowding conditions. The results show that each transferring passenger saves on average 2–10 min thanks to the proposed strategy, while on-board passengers experience a delay of 1–2 min each in most cases. The highest time saving per transferring passenger is obtained when the demand level is low and the controller opts for synchronizing more frequently. Highlights Rule-based holding controller selects transfer synchronization or line regularity The impact of different passenger data on controller performance is investigated On-board crowding conditions are considered by the real-time controller On-board occupancy is the most valuable real-time passenger data source.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Hatzenbühler, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the optimal allocation of automated buses on a public transport network
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: This research is driven by the general need for affordable, frequent and convenient Public Transport (PT) solutions. Over the last years the advances in the sector of autonomous systems have triggered studies on their effect on PT. AB lower the operational costs due to the removal of labor costs, which in developed countries account for more than half of the overall operational costs. These lower operational costs are expected to lead to higher service frequencies. The introduction of more diverse vehicle sizes is then possible and economical which will allow the operators to target the user demand better than with a fixed sized vehicle fleet. In this we analyse the use of AB systems in existing PT networks by:- define an AV specific objective function- integrate AV systems in a mesoscopic simulation framework- extract KPIs for the economic deployment of AB systems This study aims at answering the following research questions:- How can AB systems be used to improve passenger and operator costs on existing lines?- What are the implications of the cost trade off in terms of the defined KPI?- On which lines is the deployment of AB systems most interesting in terms of social welfare?Methods: The implementation of the framework adopts a simulation based optimization approach. The multi-agent simulation software (BusMezzo) uses the networks routes and the decision variables as input values. Subsequently the simulation is executed, and the filtered results will be handed to the Genetic Algorithm optimization. The objective function minimizes the overall cost which is the sum of operator costs (capital costs & operation cost) and user cost (travel time, waiting time, ticket cost,..). This loop is executed until convergence. The decision variables for the optimization module are the vehicle capacity, the frequency per route and the vehicle type. For validation of the optimization approach described above a brute force analysis is done on the synthetic Network provided by Spiess & Florian. In the brute force analysis the entire solution space for the network is displayed and can be analyzed. This allows for deeper understanding of the underlying processes and validates the optimization results. With the knowledge of this approach the optimization parameters are configured.Results: The proposed model was applied to a on-going pilot case study in the area of Kista in Stockholm. The proposed model is generally applicability for larger scale problems. Possible applications of the proposed methodology are:- tool for identifying the most promising areas for introducing AB- measurement for the economic impact of AB Systems on PT- the design of the network for a mixed operationPotential extensions of the model include the fleet composition and fleet size per line of special AB zones in high user demand areas.The main results and conclusions are:- Frequency and Capacity have comparable impact on total cost- Introducing Autonomous Vehicle on high demand lines is beneficial- There are "sweet spots" for operating for operating vehicle mixes- some configurations are only profitably operable with autonomous vehicle
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| 38. |
- Jenelius, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The value of new public transport links for network robustness and redundancy
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 11:9, s. 819-835
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common argument for introducing new links or services to transport networks is that they will contribute to greater capability to withstand system breakdowns. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the value of new links for public transport network robustness, considering disruptions of other lines and links as well as the new links themselves. The value is evaluated in terms of passenger welfare under disruptions and can be compared to traditional welfare benefits and investment costs. Distinction is made between the value of robustness, defined as the change in welfare during disruption compared to the baseline network, and the value of redundancy, defined as the change in welfare losses due to disruption. The paper introduces the total values of robustness and redundancy by considering a full space of scenarios and their respective frequencies. Using a model that considers passengers' dynamic travel choices, stochastic traffic conditions, timetables and capacity constraints, results are more nuanced than analyses based only on network topology and other static attributes. A new cross-radial light rail transit line in Stockholm, Sweden, is evaluated. The new link increases welfare levels under all scenarios and has a positive value of robustness. However, disruption costs increase under some scenarios and the value of redundancy is negative. In general, the value of redundancy depends on the new link's role as complement or substitute and passengers' ability to utilise spare capacity during short-term unexpected disruptions.
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| 39. |
- Laskaris, Giorgos, et al.
(författare)
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A real-time holding decision rule accounting for passenger travel cost
- 2016
-
Ingår i: <em>2016 </em><em>IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)</em>. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 2410-2415
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Holding has been extensively investigated as a strategy to mitigate the inherently stochastic nature of public transport operations. Holding focuses on either regulating vehicle headways using a rule-based approach or minimizing passenger travel cost by employing optimization models. This paper introduces a holding decision rule that explicitly addresses passenger travel cost. The decision to hold relies on the passenger demand distribution along the line. The passenger cost holding rule is tested using simulation for a high frequency bus line in Stockholm, Sweden and is compared with a no-control scheme and the currently used headway-based strategy. The results indicate that the new decision rule results in relatively minor reductions of passenger cost compared to the currently adopted strategy, and that it allocates the greatest share of holding time at the beginning of the route.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Laskaris, Georgios, et al.
(författare)
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Multiline holding based control for lines merging to a shared transit corridor
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Transportmetrica B. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-0566. ; 7:1, s. 1062-1095
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In transit corridors, multiple lines share a sequence of consecutive stops to provide higher joint frequency in higher demand areas. A key challenge is to coordinate the transition from single line to joint operation. A holding control strategy aimed at minimizing passenger travel times is introduced for lines merging into a shared corridor, accounting for the coordination of vehicle arrivals from the merging lines as well as the regularity of each line. The criterion is tested using an artificial network and a real-world network to analyze the impact of demand distribution and compare cooperative versus single line control. We illustrate how the real-time strategy yields overall passenger gains, depending on the composition of different user groups. Results are assessed based on operation and passenger performance indicators and show that coordination is achieved. When combined with joint control in the common part, the proposed approach achieves consistent network-wide travel time benefits.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Leffler, David, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time short-turning in high frequency bus services based on passenger cost
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems, MT-ITS 2017 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509064847 ; , s. 861-866
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we deal with the problem of determining when and where a bus should short-turn on a single bi-directional line in real-time. We formulate a decision rule for when to short-turn among candidate short-turning locations that is based on the objective of minimizing total generalized passenger travel cost including waiting times and forced transfer. Computational results and analysis are provided via a simulation study in BusMezzo, a dynamic, agent-based transit operations and assignment model that represents both vehicle as well as passenger progression. The simulation framework allows us to evaluate the resulting trade-off between passenger costs and transit performance that occur when a decision to short-turn is made. The proposed short-turning strategy is applied to a real-world high-frequency transit line in Stockholm, Sweden.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Leffler, David
(författare)
-
Simulation based evaluation of flexible transit
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transport authorities are faced with the challenge of making effective use of existing transportation infrastructure under increasing needs of transport accessibility, sustainability, and safety. The ongoing growth and adoption of shared mobility options, the anticipation of automated vehicles, and the increased availability of real-time data brought on with the developments of Intelligent Transport Systems, have all inspired many innovations in public transit design. The integration of these technologies in existing public transit holds great potential for operational planning and control, but is also notoriously difficult to evaluate. In the included papers, flexible operational policies that make use of real-time data and connected vehicles are developed and assessed through the extension of an existing public transit simulation framework, BusMezzo.Paper I explores the incorporation of flexibility in fixed urban transit via real-time short-turning, a fleet management strategy not often studied in a real-time context. In this paper, a decision rule for when and where a short-turn should occur based on predicted passenger costs is developed and evaluated in a case study of a bidirectional urban bus line in Stockholm, Sweden.Paper II focuses on the design and analysis of an automated feeder service. In this paper an extension of BusMezzo with a module for simulating a variety of flexible transit operations is presented. Estimated reductions in on-board crew costs with vehicle automation motivate a case study of two vehicle fleets where a fully demand-responsive operational policy is compared against fixed route and schedule operations.
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| 47. |
- Leffler, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Utvärdering av delade självkörande fordon inom efterfrågestyrd kollektivtrafik genom simulering
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund: Det finns påståenden om att genom användning av delade självkörande fordon inom flexibel-, eller efterfrågestyrd kollektivtrafik (EKT) skulle man kunna förbättra mobiliteten för personer med begränsad tillgång till en privat bil och för personer utan adekvat tillgång till högkapacitets kollektivtrafik. Oavsett om det är automatiserat eller inte, så är dock kostnadseffektiviteten och servicenivån som förses en passagerare av en EKT-flotta starkt beroende av förmågan att effektivt kunna matcha fordon till passagerarbegäran i realtid. Vidare kan flexibla rutter och tidtabeller öka osäkerheten om förväntade väntetider och restider för passagerare i förhållande till en traditionell tjänst med fast tidtabell och rutt. Den uppfattade tillförlitligheten hos tjänsten kan i sin tur kraftigt påverka en resenärs val av rutt och transportmedel när det finns tillgång till andra alternativ, vilket i sin tur bidrar till osäkerheten i uppskattningar av framtida efterfrågan när den matchas till EK-flottan i realtid.Metoder: Även om självkörande fordon utvecklas i hög takt, har de fortfarande inte uppnått nivåer av automatisering och säkerhet som möjliggör att de används i bredare tillämpningar. EKT-system är också svåra att pröva, på grund av höga implementeringskostnader samt osäkerheten i efterfrågan som resulterar från varierande design och strategier för hur EKT-flottan samordnas. Simulering är således ett viktigt verktyg för att utvärdera självkörande fordon inom EKT. För att simulera EKT utvecklades en justerbar modell för att dynamiskt matcha delade fordon till stokastiskt genererade passageraranrop. Denna modell integrerades sedan med en simuleringsmodell för kollektivtrafik som representerar både trafikdynamik samt inlärning och adaptering av individuella passagerare.Resultat: Med detta ramverk kan vi bättre studera interaktionen mellan operativa egenskaper av en EKT-tjänst och dess resulterande effekter på en resenärs val av rutt, transportmedel och generaliserade kostnader. I denna presentation presenteras ramverket för att studera EKT samt en demonstration av dess tillämpning för att utvärdera en automatiserad EKT-tjänst som ett samexisterande alternativ till en traditionell kollektivtrafiktjänst med förutbestämd tidtabell och rutt.
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| 48. |
- Nassir, Neema, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring train passengers’ arrival rate using smart card data
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the context of public transport, passengers’ arrivals at a station can indicate their perception of the transit system’s reliability, as well as the extent to which they consult timetables in journey planning. Moreover, the arrival rate is an essential element in determining passenger waiting time at astation, which itself is a critical component of the level of service in public transit journeys.Despite the significance of the passenger arrival rate, researchers often make simplistic assumptions about passenger arrivals in the majority of the literature. In high frequency routes, for instance, passengers are usually assumed to arrive uniformly at the stops without consulting the timetable; in low frequency routes, the arrivals are usually assumed to be mainly concentrated around the scheduled departure times. These assumptions can be validated with on-site manual data collection, but these can be costly and intractable to apply to network-level studies.Consequently, the primary objective of this paper is to develop a more comprehensive methodology forcapturing passengers’ arrival distributions, using the numerous boarding records available from transit smart card data. To serve this purpose, boarding data from a selected set of train stations are extracted from the smart card dataset of Southeast Queensland in Australia. This study analyses how passenger arrival patterns vary as a function of service frequencies. It is hypothesized that there is a threshold where a random arrival regime gradually transforms into a timetable coordination arrival pattern. Furthermore,this threshold is a random variable that varies in the population and results with mixed regimes for intermediate ranges of headways. The dataset includes services with headways ranging from 5 to 60 minutes and hence facilitates this analysis. Furthermore, sinceno real-time information is available to passengers in Southeast Queensland, it is assumed that passengers only consult fixed timetables to arrive at stops. Therefore, the passenger arrival rate is assumed to be a function of the given headway.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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