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- Chabok, Abbas, 1964-
(författare)
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Colonic Diverticulitis : Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aims of this thesis were to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of colonic diverticulitis. In the first study, a systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate radiological diagnostics for patients with acute left-sided diverticulitis. Forty-nine relevant articles were found and read in full and data were extracted or calculated. Twenty-nine of these were excluded. The best evidence for the diagnosis of diverticulitis in the literature was to be found with US. Only one small study of good quality was found for both CT and MRI. In the second paper, a prospective multicentre study was performed to determine the faecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic treatment in 208 surgical patients with acute intra-abdominal infections. The highest rates of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae were detected for ampicillin (54%), tetracycline (26%), cefuroxime (26%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20%). The prevalence of decreased susceptibility (I + R) for the other antibiotics tested was for ciprofloxacin 20%, piperacillin-tazobactam 17%, cefotaxime 14%, ertapenem 12%, gentamicin 3% and imipenem 0%. ESBL- and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae were found in samples from 13 patients (6.3%). We found high rates of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae against antibiotics which were commonly used in Sweden. In the third paper, a multicentre randomized study was performed to investigate the need of antibiotic treatment in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Six hundred and twenty-three patients were randomized to treatment with (314 patients) or without (309 patients) antibiotics. Complications were found in six patients (1.9%) in the no antibiotic and three (1.0%) in the antibiotic group (p=0.302). The median hospital stay was three days in both groups. Recurrent diverticulitis follow-up was similar in both groups (16%, p=0.895). We conclude that antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis neither accelerated recovery nor prevented complications or recurrence. Based on the results, antibiotics should therefore be reserved mainly for the treatment of complicated diverticulitis. The fourth paper presents a prospective observational study performed in two centres to evaluate CT colonography in the follow-up of acute diverticulitis as regards patient acceptance and diagnostic accuracy in 108 patients. Patients experienced colonoscopy as more painful (p<0.001) and uncomfortable (p<0.001). Diverticulosis and polyps were detected in 94% and 20% with colonoscopy and in 94% and 29% with CTC, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for CTC in the detection of diverticulosis was 99% and 67%, with a level of relatively good agreement (К= 0.71). Regarding detection of polyps, the sensitivity and specificity were 47% and 75%, with a poor agreement (К= 0.17). We concluded that CTC was less painful and unpleasant. CTC detected diverticulosis with good accuracy while the accuracy of detection of small polyps was poor. CTC could be an alternative, especially in cases of incomplete colonoscopy or in a situation with limited colonoscopy resources.
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| 2. |
- Chabok, Abbas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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CT-colonography in the follow-up of acute diverticulitis : patient acceptance and diagnostic accuracy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 48:8, s. 979-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to assess CT-colonography (CTC) in the follow-up of diverticulitis regarding patient acceptance and diagnostic accuracy for diverticular disease, adenomas and cancer, with colonoscopy as a reference standard. Methods. A prospective comparative study where half of the patients underwent colonoscopy first, followed immediately by CTC. The other half had the examinations in the reverse order. Patient experiences and findings were registered after every examination, blinded to the examiner. Results. Of a total of 110 consecutive patients, 108 were included in the study, with a median age of 56 years (range 27-84). The success rate was 91% for colonoscopy and 86% for CTC. Examination time was 25 mm for both methods. The mean time for CTC evaluation was 20 mm. Eighty-three per cent of the patients received sedation during colonoscopy. Despite this, patients experienced colonoscopy as more painful (p < 0.001) and uncomfortable (p < 0.001). Diverticulosis and polyps were detected in 94% and 20% with colonoscopy and in 94% and 29% with CTC, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for CTC in the detection of diverticulosis was 99% and 67%, with a good agreement (kappa = 0.71). Regarding detection of polyps, the sensitivity and specificity were 47% and 75%, with a poor agreement (kappa = 0.17). No cancer was found. Conclusion. CTC was less painful and unpleasant and can be used for colonic investigation in the follow-up of diverticulitis. CTC detected diverticulosis with good accuracy while the detection accuracy of small polyps was poor. CTC is a viable alternative, especially in case of incomplete colonoscopy or in a situation with limited colonoscopy resources.
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| 3. |
- Samuelsson, Annika, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the aerobic faecal flora of patients treated with antibiotics for acute intra-abdominal infection
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 44:11, s. 820-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An open observational study was performed to investigate changes in the rectal flora and antibiotic susceptibility among faecal bacteria in patients treated with antibiotics for acute intra-abdominal infection. Methods: One hundred and forty patients with acute intra-abdominal infection requiring antibiotic treatment and hospitalization were included. Eight surgical units from the southern part of Sweden participated, between January 2006 and November 2007. Antibiotic treatments were according to local guidelines. Rectal swabs were obtained on admission (sample 1) and 214 days after the end of antibiotic treatment (sample 2). Aerobic bacteria and yeasts were analysed. The material was divided into 2 groups: 1 group with Enterobacteriaceae and 1 group with non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility to antibiotics in each group was compared between samples 1 and 2. Results: The main finding of this study on patients with severe intra-abdominal infections was a shift in the aerobic faecal flora following antibiotic treatment, from Escherichia coli to other more resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus faecium, and yeasts. The susceptibility to cephalosporins and piperacillintazobactam decreased in Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions: Following antibiotic treatment, a shift in the aerobic rectal flora to species with intrinsic antibiotic resistance was observed. This indicates that the emergence of resistance is not due to new mutations, but rather to selection of more resistant species. This should be taken into account when designing treatments for secondary intra-abdominal infections.
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