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| 2. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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- Bousquet, J, et al.
(författare)
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Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical and translational allergy. - : Wiley. - 2045-7022. ; 10:1, s. 58-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.
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| 8. |
- Cheng, LT, et al.
(författare)
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Sex difference in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients
- 2009
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 29:5, s. 398-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important, independent negative predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population and in dialysis patients. Previous studies suggest a sex dimorphism in the prevalence of LVH; however, this issue has never been approached in dialysis patients. <i>Methods:</i> This study enrolled 237 prevalent dialysis patients: 49 on hemodialysis (HD) and 188 on peritoneal dialysis (PD) from a single center. LVH was defined by echocardiography measurements, which were normalized to body surface area (BSA) and height<sup>2.7</sup>, respectively. <i>Results:</i> The mean ages in HD and PD patients were 60 ± 14 and 60 ± 13 years, with a median dialysis vintage of 43 and 20 months, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in age, diabetes, proportion of uncontrolled hypertension, antihypertensive medication and blood pressure between male and female patients within each dialysis modality, the prevalence of LVH (whether indexed to BSA or height<sup>2.7</sup>) was consistently higher in females than in males. When these patients were divided into LVH or non-LVH groups, a significant difference in sex distribution was observed between the two groups (62.0% vs. 41.0% when the BSA-indexed standard was used, p < 0.01; 62.8% vs. 37.1% when the height<sup>2.7</sup>-indexed standard was used, p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, female sex was identified as a risk factor of LVH (odds ratio, OR = 2.48, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.33–4.59; when BSA-indexed LVH was treated as dependent variable, and OR = 4.05, 95% CI = 1.96–8.38, when height<sup>2.7</sup>-indexed LVH was treated as dependent variable) even after adjustment for age, diabetes, blood pressure and antihypertensive medication. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study showed that the prevalence of LVH determined by echocardiography was significantly higher in female dialysis patients than in male dialysis patients. Compared with males, female patients had a 2.5- to 4-fold higher risk to develop LVH even after adjustment for other potential confounding factors, which may indicate that elderly females in the uremic scenario are more prone to develop LVH than elderly males.
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| 12. |
- Gu, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Strong association between nutritional markers and arterial stiffness in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
- 2008
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Ingår i: Blood purification. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9735 .- 0253-5068. ; 26:4, s. 340-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Malnutrition is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients, but the mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated links between nutritional markers and arterial stiffness in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. <i>Methods:</i> We evaluated the relationship between arterial stiffness evaluated by pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and four estimates of nutritional status (serum albumin, handgrip strength [HGS], subjective global assessment [SGA], and bioelectrical impedance analysis phase angle [PA]) in 124 PD patients. <i>Results:</i> Malnourished patients exhibited a significantly higher PWV than those classified as well-nourished by SGA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PWV correlated negatively with albumin, HGS and PA (p < 0.001, respectively). PWV was also correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein. In multivariate regression analysis, albumin, HGS, SGA and PA were each independently associated with PWV after adjustment. <i>Conclusions:</i> The significant association between each nutritional marker and PWV in PD patients was independent of inflammation and diabetic state, suggesting that malnutrition may contribute to vascular dysfunction.
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| 17. |
- Taddei, C, et al.
(författare)
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Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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| 21. |
- Yang, JH, et al.
(författare)
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Volume overload in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated with reduced circadian blood pressure variation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Blood purification. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9735 .- 0253-5068. ; 26:5, s. 399-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> While a high blood pressure (BP) in patients receiving maintenance ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is associated with congestive heart failure and an increased mortality, the relevance of diurnal variations in BP is unknown. <i>Methods:</i>In a prospective study, we enrolled 76 prevalent patients receiving stable CAPD (age 60.4 ± 13.8 years; 37 males). BP was measured over 24 h using an automated device. We also performed routine clinical and biochemical measurements, as well as the Karnofsky index to evaluate physical activity. Volume status was assessed using bioimpedance analysis. <i>Results:</i> 69 patients (with an average time on dialysis of 24.4 ± 22.5 months) completed the study. Of these, 16 patients experienced a drop in BP >10% at night (dippers), while 53 patients did not (non-dippers). Comparing these two groups, dippers had significantly lower extracellular water (ECW) (13.8 ± 2.1 vs. 15.9 ± 3.3 l; p < 0.05), normalized extracellular water (nECW) (0.22 ± 0.05 vs. 0.26 ± 0.04 l/m; p < 0.05), and serum albumin (38.2 ± 2.9 vs. 35.9 ± 3.7 g/l; p < 0.05). Age, Karnofsky index, vintage, residual renal Kt/V and peritoneal Kt/V, total Kt/V, dose of antihypertensive drugs, mean systolic and diastolic BP did not significantly differ between these groups. Correlation analysis showed the coefficient of variation (CV) of BP positively correlated with E/T (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.292; p < 0.05), diabetic (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.267; p < 0.05), male (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.257; p < 0.05), nECW (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.278; p < 0.05) and ECW (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.249; p < 0.05) negatively correlated with albumin (r<sup>2</sup> = –0.280; p < 0.05). Furthermore, in a multivariate linear regression model, E/T, albumin and sex were independently associated with CV for BP. <i>Conclusions:</i> We show that reduced BP variation is common in CAPD patients and associated with volume overload and hypoalbuminemia. Furthermore, the relationship between nutritional, inflammatory status and dipping needs further studies.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Zhe, XW, et al.
(författare)
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Pulse wave velocity is associated with metabolic syndrome components in CAPD patients
- 2008
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 28:4, s. 641-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Overall, the proportion of deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) reached 40–50% in dialysis patients. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) reflects arterial stiffness and may provide an integrated index of vascular status and CVD risk. Individual components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are well-established cardiovascular risk factors. Thus we conducted a cross-sectional study in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients to explore the association of MetS components with PWV. <i>Methods:</i> Prevalent CAPD patients (n = 148, 63 M/85 F) were categorized according to the number of traits of the MetS into one of three groups (No MetS, Risk of MetS, MetS). Due to the effect of peritoneal dialysis (PD), waist circumference was not assessed. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral PWV (C-F PWV). <i>Results:</i> Patients’ MetS trait numbers were positively associated with C-F PWV (r = 0.301, p < 0.01), pulse pressure (r = 0.256, p < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.233, p < 0.01), and serum albumin (r = 0.205, p < 0.05). In a multivariate regression analysis, PWV was independently determined by age (p < 0.01) and MetS score (p = 0.01). Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> of the model was 0.24. <i>Conclusion:</i> MetS traits were closely associated with an increased C-F PWV, even after adjustment for confounders. This suggests that commonly recognized MetS criteria are useful also when predicting CVD in CAPD patients.
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| 26. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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